Nowadays,with the significant growth of the mobile market,security issues on the Android Operation System have also become an urgent matter.Trusted execution environment(TEE)technologies are considered an option for s...Nowadays,with the significant growth of the mobile market,security issues on the Android Operation System have also become an urgent matter.Trusted execution environment(TEE)technologies are considered an option for satisfying the inviolable property by taking advantage of hardware security.However,for Android,TEE technologies still contain restrictions and limitations.The first issue is that non-original equipment manufacturer developers have limited access to the functionality of hardware-based TEE.Another issue of hardware-based TEE is the cross-platform problem.Since every mobile device supports different TEE vendors,it becomes an obstacle for developers to migrate their trusted applications to other Android devices.A software-based TEE solution is a potential approach that allows developers to customize,package and deliver the product efficiently.Motivated by that idea,this paper introduces a VTEE model,a software-based TEE solution,on Android devices.This research contributes to the analysis of the feasibility of using a virtualized TEE on Android devices by considering two metrics:computing performance and security.The experiment shows that the VTEE model can host other software-based TEE services and deliver various cryptography TEE functions on theAndroid environment.The security evaluation shows that adding the VTEE model to the existing Android does not addmore security issues to the traditional design.Overall,this paper shows applicable solutions to adjust the balance between computing performance and security.展开更多
Most commercially available herbicides contain surfactants as co-formulants to increase adhesion and absorption by plant leaves.Ethoxylated amines,one of the most used surfactants,are non-ionic and derived from animal...Most commercially available herbicides contain surfactants as co-formulants to increase adhesion and absorption by plant leaves.Ethoxylated amines,one of the most used surfactants,are non-ionic and derived from animal fats.They represent a class of surfactants with similar structural features,including polyethoxylated tallow amine(POEA).POEA is widely used in glyphosate,glufosinate-containing herbicides.In 2015,the European Food Safety Society(EFSA)concluded that POEA was more toxic than glyphosate when tested in glyphosate-based formulations.[1]They also attributed the poisoning following ingestion by humans to the presence of POEA.展开更多
基金This work was partly supported by the Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIT),(No.2020-0-00952,Development of 5G edge security technology for ensuring 5G+service stability and availability,50%)the Institute of Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the MSIT(Ministry of Science and ICT),Korea(No.IITP-2022-2020-0-01602,ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)support program,50%).
文摘Nowadays,with the significant growth of the mobile market,security issues on the Android Operation System have also become an urgent matter.Trusted execution environment(TEE)technologies are considered an option for satisfying the inviolable property by taking advantage of hardware security.However,for Android,TEE technologies still contain restrictions and limitations.The first issue is that non-original equipment manufacturer developers have limited access to the functionality of hardware-based TEE.Another issue of hardware-based TEE is the cross-platform problem.Since every mobile device supports different TEE vendors,it becomes an obstacle for developers to migrate their trusted applications to other Android devices.A software-based TEE solution is a potential approach that allows developers to customize,package and deliver the product efficiently.Motivated by that idea,this paper introduces a VTEE model,a software-based TEE solution,on Android devices.This research contributes to the analysis of the feasibility of using a virtualized TEE on Android devices by considering two metrics:computing performance and security.The experiment shows that the VTEE model can host other software-based TEE services and deliver various cryptography TEE functions on theAndroid environment.The security evaluation shows that adding the VTEE model to the existing Android does not addmore security issues to the traditional design.Overall,this paper shows applicable solutions to adjust the balance between computing performance and security.
基金This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sectors.Ethic approval:This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of CNUH(2016-03-003-002).
文摘Most commercially available herbicides contain surfactants as co-formulants to increase adhesion and absorption by plant leaves.Ethoxylated amines,one of the most used surfactants,are non-ionic and derived from animal fats.They represent a class of surfactants with similar structural features,including polyethoxylated tallow amine(POEA).POEA is widely used in glyphosate,glufosinate-containing herbicides.In 2015,the European Food Safety Society(EFSA)concluded that POEA was more toxic than glyphosate when tested in glyphosate-based formulations.[1]They also attributed the poisoning following ingestion by humans to the presence of POEA.
