Dynamics and controls of ecosystem multiserviceability across the Qingzang Plateau

Ecosystem multiserviceability(EMS),a comprehensive and significant ecological indicator,reflects the capacity of ecosystems to offer multiple services concurrently.Intensified climate change and human activity are continu-ously altering ecosystem functions,services,and EMSs.However,numerous studies have only focused on one or a few ecosystem services,rarely taking into account spatial-temporal distribution and drivers of EMS on behalf of different agencies.We calculated EMS including pastoralist(PA),environmental protection agency(EPA),bio-diversity conservation agency(BCA),and climate change mitigation agency(CCMA)using grassland production,habitat quality,water conservation,and carbon sequestration.Then,the effects of geographical features,climate factors,and human activities on spatial-temporal patterns of EMS were explored.The result indicated that EMS showed a decreasing tendency from the southeast to northwest on the Qingzang Plateau(QZP).Meanwhile,there were no obvious fluctuations in four simulated scenarios(PA,EPA,BCA and CCMA)among different vegetation types during 2000 to 2015.Notably,EMS of all simulated scenarios decreased in the alpine steppe ecosystem,but negligible changes were found in other ecosystems from 2015 to 2020.Moreover,the relative importance of precipitation in annual mean value(from 2000 to 2020)of PA,EPA,BCA and CCMA were 0.13,0.11,0.30 and 0.19,respectively.Overall,precipitation played the dominant role on the dynamics of EMS,followed by elevation and human footprint.Our findings highlighted that understanding the patterns and drivers of EMS could provide a reference for the regional management and maintenance of ecosystem stability on QZP.

有限度的人类活动促进野生动物融入城市生态系统

Human-wildlife interactions shape human cultures,animal communities,and species evolution[1].It can generate a range of positive values,including important habitats for wildlife,recreation,and scientific and ecological values for humans,which are beneficial for wildlife conservation and the promotion of human well-being[2].Nevertheless,human-wildlife interactions are often negative.Conflicts between humans and wildlife have existed ever since humans first colonized the Earth and began sharing its landscapes and resources with wildlife.In particular,more significant conflicts have arisen as growing populations and increased resource demand have led to habitat degradation,which has further triggered the extinction and decline of numerous species,economic losses,and uncountable human deaths[3,4].

新型能源可以缓解围栏对高寒牧区传统能源利用的负面影响

Animal feces are regionally important resources and biomass energy,with large environmental,economic,and social influences across the alpine pastoral areas.In grassland ecosystems,the decomposition of animal feces can strongly affect carbon and nitrogen cycling indirectly through changes in soil and plant properties.