Inhibition of ciliary neurotrophic factor in a rat model of transected spinal cord

Ciliary neurotrophic factor （CNTF） dramatically increases following spinal cord injury and participates in the repair process, although some studies have shown that CNTF plays a role in promoting glial scar formation following spinal cord injury. The antibody closure model can be used to inhibit CNTF expression following spinal cord injury, thereby furthering the understanding of the role of CNTF in spinal cord injury repair. In the present experiment, spinal catheters were placed in the vertebral canal of spinal cord transected rats, and CNTF antibodies were injected following fixation of the paraspinal muscle catheter. At 24 hours after a single CNTF antibody injection, CNTF expression decreased in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and recovered to normal levels by 48 72 hours. CNTF antibody treatment can effectively block endogenous CNTF expression in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord during an interval of less than 24 hours in transected rats.

Compensation for Damage to Marine Biodiversity under International Liability Regime on Vessel-Source Marine Oil Pollution Damage

Vessel-source marine oil pollution damage is governed by an international liability regime, including the CLC treaties, 2001 Bunker Convention and the 1977 Seabed Convention. Despite that ＂pollution damage＂ in these treaties does not exclude damage to marine biodiversity, the fact that damage to marine biodiversity is not mentioned in this regime arouses the question of compensability of damage to marine biodiversity under the regime. This article attempts to investigate this question from the perspectives of the relationship between marine environmental damage and damage to marine biodiversity and the possibility of compensation for damage to marine biodiversity under the regime. While the findings of this article reveal that the regime cannot provide sufficient compensation for such damage, this article in the conclusion offers some suggestions for the sake of remedying of damaged marine biodiversity under the regime.

Protection of Omicron Sub-Lineage Infection Against Reinfection with Another Omicron Sub-Lineage:Systematic Review,Meta-Analysis,and Meta-Regression-Worldwide,2022-2023

Summary What is already known about this topic?Both the decline in immunity over time and the evolution of the virus play a role in the level of protection offered by a prior infection.What is added by this report?Point estimates indicated variations in protection levels based on the initial infecting variant and the reinfecting variant.There was a consistent correlation between real-world protection,antigenic distance,and humoral immunity levels.Specifically,shorter antigenic distances and higher humoral immunity levels corresponded to enhanced real-world protection.What are the implications for public health practice?Our findings suggest that virological and immunological studies could help identify and assess the epidemic risk posed by new variants before they become dominant.Prompt incorporation of the latest variants into the antigen components of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccines can significantly contribute to effective epidemic prevention and control measures.

临近空间高速飞行器微量气动力试验及计算

针对临近空间大气环境微量气动力风洞试验准确测量需求,研制了微量天平测力系统,实现了微量天平的结构设计和静态校准。采用钝锥简单外形进行试验验证,并对三角翼升力体复杂外形做了探索,结果表明:钝锥外形验证试验中,3次试验时天平各载荷单元的气动数据重复性精度均优于4.8%;探索试验中,三角翼升力体外形采用该风洞目前能达到最低密度状态,试验结果表明:该微量测力天平在极限状态下表现较好。在此基础上,利用数值计算方法对上述外形进行模拟,并将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比,表明数值计算得到的钝锥和三角翼升力体的气动力均与微量天平测力结果吻合较好;对于简单钝锥外形,在其试验条件下,钝锥表面压阻远高于摩阻;对于三角翼升力体外形,其试验条件下环境大气更加稀薄,三角翼表面摩阻占比与压阻相当。

Highly efficient generation of biallelic reporter gene knock-in mice via CRISPR-mediated genome editing of ESCs

Dear Editor,Targeted gene knock-out and knock-in mice are valuable tools for elucidating the function of genes in vivo （Capecchi, 2001）. Recently, the Cas9 endonuclease from Streptococcus pyogenes type Ⅱ CRISPR system has been demonstrated as a powerful tool for gene targeting.

Function-oriented design:A novel strategy for advanced biomedical materials

It has always been a dream to construct tissues and even organs for transplantation to replace those with defects caused by diseases or injuries.Tissue engineering is another milestone in the developmental history of life science after cellular and molecular bioscience.Nevertheless,despite decades of rapid de-velopment,tissue-engineered biomaterials have not been widely used clinically.Biomaterials constructed by physical and chemical methods have lots of difficulty in precisely mimicking the macroscopic and mi-croscopic structures of human tissues.The ultimate way to build organoid tissue for regeneration is to enable the cells to take the initiative and build suitable functions.Based on the thoughts of tissue engi-neering,organoid technology holds great potential as a research tool for a wide range of fields,including developmental biology,disease pathology,cell biology,precision medicine,and drug toxicity and efficacy testing.This technology also holds tremendous potential for regenerative medicine,as organoids present the possibility for autologous and allogeneic cell therapy through the replacement of damaged or dis-eased tissues with organoid-propagated tissue or stem cell populations.In this review work,we briefly outlook the development history of organoid technology,summarize the current bottlenecks and the un-derlying reasons,and propose the unified term“function-oriented design in tissue engineering”,a new topic that may provide a solution to overcome these bottlenecks.

Survey on Immunization Services for Children with Medical Conditions-China, 2022

Summary What is already known about this topic?Children with medical conditions frequently experience under-immunization.Ensuring high-quality immunization services is crucial for enhancing vaccination coverage levels;nevertheless,the state of immunization service provision for children with medical conditions in China remains unclear.What is added by this report?Immunization support for children with medical conditions in China demonstrates considerable variability and may be inadequate.Primary obstacles to the provision of immunization services include an absence of comprehensive vaccination recommendations and assessment guidelines for specific medical conditions,as well as inconsistencies among vaccine recommendations,package inserts,and expert consensus statements pertaining to the vaccination of children with medical conditions.What are the implications for public health practice?The examination of provincial practices in providing immunization services for children with medical conditions,as well as understanding the barriers faced by National Immunization Program providers in administering vaccinations,can contribute to the improvement of immunization services for this population in China.

公立医院多院区一体化治理体系探索与实践

针对多院区医院资源配置、成本控制、医疗护理质量同质化管理等问题, 宁夏回族自治区人民医院积极探索多院区一体化治理体系, 包括打造以支付结算为纽带的互联网医院、构建"一院多区"的信息一体化运行管理方式、健全"一院多区"组织架构和一体化运行体制、创新符合医疗行业特点的人事和岗位薪酬制度、实施新型诊疗组和护理病区服务模式、全面推行预算管理和成本核算管控、建立联防联控线上线下一体化疫情防控体系等方面。这些实践取得了良好的成效, 提高了医疗服务质量和效率, 有效控制了医疗服务费用, 同时提升了医院运营管理效率, 为多院区公立医院一体化管理提供了经验。

Experimental investigation of the detection and location of a target in layered media by using the TR-RTM mixed method

Targets in layered media can be detected and located using a time reversal(TR)-reversed-time migration(RTM) mixed method.In this study, this single emission-multiple receiving method is tested experimentally by using two types of layered media and three types of targets. The signal reflected at the interface and the signal scattered by the target are measured by each receiver to obtain the travel time for several transmitter-receiver pairs. Thereafter, the amplitude ratio between the two measured signals is compared with the theoretical amplitude. The RTM process involves the convolution of the forward acoustic beam from the source with the backward acoustic beam from the receiver which adds an appropriate delay determined on the measured travel time data. By using this approach, the acoustic field distribution can be obtained, and the position of the target can be determined.Moreover, the measured positions of the target are compared with the actual position to validate the accuracy of this technique.

An Arc Tangent Function Demodulation Method of Fiber-Optic Fabry-Perot High-Temperature Pressure Sensor

A new demodulation algorithm of the fiber-optic Fabry-Perot cavity length based on the phase generated carrier （PGC） is proposed in this paper, which can be applied in the high-temperature pressure sensor. This new algorithm based on arc tangent function outputs two orthogonal signals by utilizing an optical system, which is designed based on the field-programmable gate array （FPGA） to overcome the range limit of the original PGC arc tangent function demodulation algorithm. The simulation and analysis are also carried on. According to the analysis of demodulation speed and precision, the simulation of different numbers of sampling points, and measurement results of the pressure sensor, the arc tangent function demodulation method has good demodulation results： 1 MHz processing speed of single data and less than 1% error showing practical feasibility in the fiber-optic Fabry-Perot cavity length demodulation of the Fabry-Perot high-temperature pressure sensor.

Testing the polar auxin transport model with a selective plasma membrane H^(+)-ATPase inhibitor

Auxin is unique among plant hormones in that its function requires polarized transport across plant cells.A chemiosmotic model was proposed to explain how polar auxin transport is derived by the H^(+)gradient across the plasma membrane(PM)established by PM H^(+)-adenosine triphosphatases(ATPases).However,a classical genetic approach by mutations in PM H^(+)-ATPase members did not result in the ablation of polar auxin distribution,possibly due to functional redundancy in this gene family.To confirm the crucial role of PM H^(+)-ATPases in the polar auxin transport model,we employed a chemical genetic approach.Through a chemical screen,we identified protonstatin-1(PS-1),a selective small-molecule inhibitor of PM H^(+)-ATPase activity that inhibits auxin transport.Assays with transgenic plants and yeast strains showed that the activity of PM H^(+)-ATPases affects auxin uptake as well as acropetal and basipetal polar auxin transport.We propose that PS-1 can be used as a tool to interrogate the function of PM H^(+)-ATPases.Our results support the chemiosmotic model in which PM H^(+)-ATPase itself plays a fundamental role in polar auxin transport.

Treatment of secondary central nervous system involvement in systemic aggressive B cell lymphoma using R-MIADD chemotherapy:a single-center study

Background:Secondary central nervous system lymphoma(SCNSL)is defined as lymphoma involvement within the central nervous system(CNS)that originated elsewhere,or a CNS relapse of systemic lymphoma.Prognosis of SCNSL is poor and the most appropriate treatment is still undetermined.Methods:We conducted a retrospective study to assess the feasibility of an R-MIADD(rituximab,high-dose methotrexate,ifosfamide,cytarabine,liposomal formulation of doxorubicin,and dexamethasone)regimen for SCNSL patients.Results:Nineteen patients with newly diagnosed CNS lesions were selected,with a median age of 58(range 20 to 72)years.Out of 19 patients,11(57.9%)achieved complete remission(CR)and 2(10.5%)achieved partial remission(PR);the overall response rate was 68.4%.The median progression-free survival after CNS involvement was 28.0 months(95%confidence interval 11.0–44.9),and the median overall survival after CNS involvement was 34.5 months.Treatment-related death occurred in one patient(5.3%).Conclusions:These single-centered data underscore the feasibility of an R-MIADD regimen as the induction therapy of SCNSL,further investigation is warranted.

Corrigendum to“Thermal Environment and Aeroheating Mechanism of Protuberances on Mars Entry Capsule”

In the article titled“Thermal Environment and Aeroheating Mechanism of Protuberances on Mars Entry Capsule”[1],there was an error in the author name details.The first name and surname of all authors were transposed.The correct author names are shown below,and they are corrected in the author list.