Fe3O4/SiO2/PS的制备及对有机染料分子的吸附性能

采用乳液聚合法在Fe3O4@SiO2纳米粒子表面引发苯乙烯单体聚合,制备了聚苯乙烯修饰的Fe3O4@SiO2磁性复合微球(Fe3O4@SiO2@PS),研究了其对甲基橙(MO)和亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附性能。用透射电镜和扫描电镜对所制得样品进行了形貌表征。结果表明,复合材料中的Fe3O4粒径分布在150~220 nm范围内,粒径分布较均匀、分散性良好;用振动样品磁强计对样品的磁性能进行表征,Fe3O4@SiO2@PS复合粒子具有超顺磁性和较好的磁响应性;采用X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪分析了复合粒子的结构和组成,用紫外-可见分光光度计测定有机染料分子的浓度,从而计算吸附量。Fe3O4@SiO2@PS复合粒子对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝具有良好的吸附性能,在2 h达到吸附平衡,MO和MB单位平衡吸附量分别为94.5 mg/g、167.8 mg/g;该磁性吸附剂吸附染料分子后,可以用乙醇进行解吸附,在保持原始最大吸附量的81%下,可重复使用4次。

Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Tertiary Choke Shield Basalt and Continental Flood Basalt from the Central Ethiopian Plateau

The voluminous Choke Shield basalts and flood basalts are distributed in the central Ethiopian Plateau.They are tholeiitic in composition and have OIB-like geochemical features.The ca.23 Ma Choke Shield basalts have SiO_(2)(47.1 wt.%-59.6 wt.%),MgO(1.01 wt.%-7.8 wt.%),Na_(2)O+K_(2)O(2.7 wt.%-8.4 wt.%),and display right inclined REE patterns((La/Yb)N=21.4-24.2) with enrichment of Nb,Ta,Zr,Hf and Pb in the primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams.They show low initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios(0.703 47-0.703 77) and high ε_(Nd)(t) values(+4.4 to+5.0).In comparison,the 24Ma high-Ti(HT1) flood basalts have SiO_(2)(38.9 wt.%-50.8 wt.%),MgO(3.9 wt.%-11.4 wt.%),Na_(2)O+K_(2)O(1.6 wt.%-5.8 wt.%), and display right inclined REE patterns((La/Yb)N=24-130.3) with enrichment of Nb,Ta,Zr,Hf,and Pb.They also show low initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios(0.703 30-0.704 44) and highε_(Nd)(t) values(+2.2 to+5.3).Both types of basalts were contaminated by minor crustal materials and underwent fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene,plagioclase,olivine,and minor Fe-Ti oxide.The Choke Shield basalts were generated by 1%-5% melting of garnet-spinel to phlogopite-bearing spinel lherzolite in a shallow zone of the mantle plume,while the flood basalts were formed by <20% melting of amphibole-bearing garnet to garnet-spinel lherzolite in a deeper zone of the same mantle plume.The mantle source beneath the central Ethiopian Plateau was significantly heterogeneous during the Tertiary.It was characterized by EMI and EMII end-members that were formed by the metasomatism of the different components.

A Survey on 360°Images and Videos in Mixed Reality:Algorithms and Applications

Mixed reality technologies provide real-time and immersive experiences,which bring tremendous opportunities in entertainment,education,and enriched experiences that are not directly accessible owing to safety or cost.The research in this field has been in the spotlight in the last few years as the metaverse went viral.The recently emerging omnidirectional video streams,i.e.,360°videos,provide an affordable way to capture and present dynamic real-world scenes.In the last decade,fueled by the rapid development of artificial intelligence and computational photography technologies,the research interests in mixed reality systems using 360°videos with richer and more realistic experiences are dramatically increased to unlock the true potential of the metaverse.In this survey,we cover recent research aimed at addressing the above issues in the 360°image and video processing technologies and applications for mixed reality.The survey summarizes the contributions of the recent research and describes potential future research directions about 360°media in the field of mixed reality.

SGformer:Boosting transformers for indoor lighting estimation from a single image

Estimating lighting from standard images can effectively circumvent the need for resourceintensive high-dynamic-range(HDR)lighting acquisition.However,this task is often ill-posed and challenging,particularly for indoor scenes,due to the intricacy and ambiguity inherent in various indoor illumination sources.We propose an innovative transformer-based method called SGformer for lighting estimation through modeling spherical Gaussian(SG)distributions—a compact yet expressive lighting representation.Diverging from previous approaches,we explore underlying local and global dependencies in lighting features,which are crucial for reliable lighting estimation.Additionally,we investigate the structural relationships spanning various resolutions of SG distributions,ranging from sparse to dense,aiming to enhance structural consistency and curtail potential stochastic noise stemming from independent SG component regressions.By harnessing the synergy of local–global lighting representation learning and incorporating consistency constraints from various SG resolutions,the proposed method yields more accurate lighting estimates,allowing for more realistic lighting effects in object relighting and composition.Our code and model implementing our work can be found at https://github.com/junhong-jennifer-zhao/SGformer.

Preparation and characterization of PVDF-PFSA flat sheet ultrafiltration membranes

High performance polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） flat sheet ultrafiltration （UF） membranes have been prepared by an immersion precipitation phase inversion method using perfluorosulfonic acid （PFSA） as a pore former and as a hydrophilic component of the membranes and polyethylene glycol （Mw = 400） （PEG400） as a pore forming agent. The effects of the presence of PEG and the concentration of the PFSA on the phase separation of the casting solutions and on the morphologies and performance of UF membranes including their porosity, water flux, rejection of bovine serum albumin （BSA） protein, and anti-fouling property were investigated. Phase diagrams, viscosities and the phase separations upon exposure to water vapor showed that both PEG400 and PFSA promoted demixing of the casting solution. Scanning electron microscopy measurements showed that the PVDF-PFSA blend membranes had more macropores and finger-like structures than the native PVDF membranes. The PVDF-PFSA membrane （5 wt-% PEG400 ＋ 5 wt-% PFSA） had a pure water flux of 141.7L/m2.h, a BSA rejection of 90.1% and a relative pure water flux reduction （RFR） of 15.28%. These properties were greatly superior to those of the native PVDF membrane （pure water flux of 5.6 L/m2. h, BSA rejection of 96.3% and RFR of 42.86%）.

Autophagy,not apoptosis,plays a role in lumen formation of eccrine gland organoids

Background:Sweat secreted by eccrine sweat glands is transported to the skin surface through the lumen.The eccrine sweat gland develops from the initial solid bud to the final gland structure with a lumen,but how the lumen is formed and the mechanism of lumen formation have not yet been fully elucidated.This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of lumen formation of eccrine gland organoids(EGOs).Methods:Human eccrine sweat glands were isolated from the skin for tissue culture,and the primary cultured cells were collected and cultured in Matrigel for 14 daysin vitro.EGOs at different development days were collected for hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining to observe morphological changes and for immunofluorescence staining of proliferation marker Ki67,cellular motility marker filamentous actin(F-actin),and autophagy marker LC3B.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of Ki67,F-actin,and LC3B.Moreover,apoptosis was detected using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)apoptosis assay kit,and the expression of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and Caspase-3 was detected by Western blot.In addition,3-methyladenine(3MA)was used as an autophagy inhibitor to detect whether the formation of sweat glands can be effectively inhibited.Results:The results showed that a single gland cell proliferated rapidly and formed EGOs on day 4.The earliest lumen formation was observed on day 6.From day 8 to day 14,the rate of lumen formation in EGOs increased significantly.The immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses showed that the expression of Ki67 gradually decreased with the increase in days,while the F-actin expression level did not change.Notably,the expression of autophagy marker LC3B was detected in the interior cells of EGOs as the apoptosis signal of EGOs was negative.Compared with the control group,the autophagy inhibitor 3MA can effectively limit the formation rate of the lumen and reduce the inner diameter of EGOs.Conclusion:Using our model of eccrine gland 3D-reconstruction in Matrigel,we determined that autophagy rather than apoptosis plays a role in the lumen formation of EGOs.

Coherent video generation for multiple hand-held cameras with dynamic foreground

For many social events such as public performances, multiple hand-held cameras may capture the same event. This footage is often collected by amateur cinematographers who typically have little control over the scene and may not pay close attention to the camera. For these reasons, each individually captured video may fail to cover the whole time of the event, or may lose track of interesting foreground content such as a performer. We introduce a new algorithm that can synthesize a single smooth video sequence of moving foreground objects captured by multiple hand-held cameras. This allows later viewers to gain a cohesive narrative experience that can transition between different cameras, even though the input footage may be less than ideal. We first introduce a graph-based method for selecting a good transition route. This allows us to automatically select good cut points for the hand-held videos, so that smooth transitions can be created between the resulting video shots. We also propose a method to synthesize a smooth photorealistic transition video between each pair of hand-held cameras, which preserves dynamic foreground content during this transition. Our experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods, which struggle to preserve dynamic foreground content.

Exploiting articulatory features for pitch accent detection

Articulatory features describe how articulators are involved in making sounds.Speakers often use a more exaggerated way to pronounce accented phonemes,so articulatory features can be helpful in pitch accent detection.Instead of using the actual articulatory features obtained by direct measurement of articulators,we use the posterior probabilities produced by multi-layer perceptrons(MLPs) as articulatory features.The inputs of MLPs are frame-level acoustic features pre-processed using the split temporal context-2(STC-2) approach.The outputs are the posterior probabilities of a set of articulatory attributes.These posterior probabilities are averaged piecewise within the range of syllables and eventually act as syllable-level articulatory features.This work is the first to introduce articulatory features into pitch accent detection.Using the articulatory features extracted in this way,together with other traditional acoustic features,can improve the accuracy of pitch accent detection by about 2%.