斜弱视及其治疗与儿童心理健康关系的研究进展

斜弱视是儿童期常见的视觉发育相关性眼病，斜弱视及其治疗与患儿的社会心理健康密切相关。目前研究发现，斜视患儿容易受到疏远和歧视，社会心理问题发生率较正常儿童高，严重者可出现精神障碍，及时的斜视治疗能给患儿带来积极的社会心理影响。弱视对儿童心理影响的已有研究结论尚不一致，但是大多数研究表明弱视治疗可能给患儿社会心理健康带来负面影响，有效的心理干预措施可以提高弱视治疗的依从性，使治疗过程对心理健康的影响最小化。随着研究的深入，斜弱视患儿在社会生活、学习及治疗中面临的社会心理健康问题将逐步得以阐明，可为心理干预治疗提供更多理论依据。

Cell membrane coating for reducing nanoparticle-induced inflammatory responses to scaffold constructs

The controlled release of therapeutics from microparticles or nanoparticles （NPs） has been well-studied. Incorporation of these particles inside biomaterial scaffolds is promising for tissue regeneration and immune modulation. However, these particles may induce inflammatory and foreign body responses to scaffold constructs, limiting their applications. Here we show that widely used poly（lactic-co-glycolic acid） nanoparticles （PLGA NPs） formed by double emulsion dramatically increased neutrophil infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines in alginate scaffolds 1 day after the subcutaneous injection of the scaffolds into mice. The coating of red blood cell （RBC） membranes on PLGA NPs completely eliminated these short-term inflammatory responses. For a longer term of 10 days, neither PLGA NPs nor RBC membrane-coated NPs exerted a significant effect on the infiltration of neutrophils or macrophages in alginate scaffolds, possibly due to the degradation and/or clearance of NPs by infiltrating cells. Despite the extensive exploration of cell membrane-coated NPs, our study is the first to investigate the effects of cell membrane coating on foreign body reaction to NPs. By harnessing the natural biocompatibility of cell membranes, our strategy of anti-inflammatory protection for scaffolds may be pivotal for many applications such as those relying on the recruitment of stem cells and/or progenitor ceils to scaffolds.

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing in China and its role in GWAS discovery and replication

Background:The direct-to-consumer genetic testing(DTC-GT)industry has exploded in recent years,initiated by market pioneers from the United States and quickly followed by companies from Europe and Asia.In addition to their primary objective of providing ancestry and health information to customers,DTC-GT services have emerged as a valuable data resource for large-scale population and genetics studies.Methods:We assessed DTC-GT market leaders in the U.S.and China,user participation in research,and academic reports based on this information.We also investigated DTC-GT end-user value by tracing key updates of companies provided via health risk reports and evaluating their predictive power.We then assessed the replicability of several genome-wide association studies(GWAS)based on a Chinese DTC-GT biobank.Results:As recent entrants to the market,Chinese DTC-GT serv ice providers have published less academic research than their Western counterparts;however,a larger proportion of Chinese users consent to participate in research projects.Dramatic increases in user volume and resultant report updates led to reclassification of some users'polygenic risk levels,but within a reasonable scale and with increased predictive power.Replicability among GWAS using the Chinese DTC-GT biobank varied by studied trait,population background,and sample size.Conclusions:We speculate that the rapid growth in DTC-GT services,particularly in non-Caucasian populations,will yield an important and much-needed resource for biobanking,large-scale genetic studies,clinical trials,and post-clinical applications.

3D-printed NIR-responsive shape memory polyurethane/magnesium scaffolds with tight-contact for robust bone regeneration

Patients with bone defects suffer from a high rate of disability and deformity.Poor contact of grafts with defective bones and insufficient osteogenic activities lead to increased loose risks and unsatisfied repair efficacy.Although self-expanding scaffolds were developed to enhance bone integration,the limitations on the high transition temperature and the unsatisfied bioactivity hindered greatly their clinical application.Herein,we report a near-infrared-responsive and tight-contacting scaffold that comprises of shape memory polyurethane(SMPU)as the thermal-responsive matrix and magnesium(Mg)as the photothermal and bioactive component,which fabricated by the low temperature rapid prototyping(LT-RP)3D printing technology.As designed,due to synergistic effects of the components and the fabrication approach,the composite scaffold possesses a homogeneously porous structure,significantly improved mechanical properties and stable photothermal effects.The programmed scaffold can be heated to recover under near infrared irradiation in 60s.With 4 wt%Mg,the scaffold has the balanced shape fixity ratio of 93.6%and shape recovery ratio of 95.4%.The compressed composite scaffold could lift a 100 g weight under NIR light,which was more than 1700 times of its own weight.The results of the push-out tests and the finite element analysis(FEA)confirmed the tight-contacting ability of the SMPU/4 wt%Mg scaffold,which had a signficant enhancement compared to the scaffold without shape memory effects.Furthermore,The osteopromotive function of the scaffold has been demonstrated through a series of in vitro and in vivo studies.We envision this scaffold can be a clinically effective strategy for robust bone regeneration.