The occurrence of benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH)was related to disrupted sex steroid hormones,and metformin(Met)had a clinical response to sex steroid hormone-related gynaecological disease.However,whether Met exert...The occurrence of benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH)was related to disrupted sex steroid hormones,and metformin(Met)had a clinical response to sex steroid hormone-related gynaecological disease.However,whether Met exerts an antiproliferative effect on BPH via sex steroid hormones remains unclear.Here,our clinical study showed that along with prostatic epithelial cell(PEC)proliferation,sex steroid hormones were dysregulated in the serum and prostate of BPH patients.As the major contributor to dysregulated sex steroid hormones,elevated dihydrotestosterone(DHT)had a significant positive relationship with the clinical characteristics of BPH patients.Activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)by Met restored dysregulated sex steroid hormone homeostasis and exerted antiproliferative effects against DHT-induced proliferation by inhibiting the formation of androgen receptor(AR)-mediated Yes-associated protein(YAP1)-TEA domain transcription factor(TEAD4)heterodimers.Met’s anti-proliferative effects were blocked by AMPK inhibitor or YAP1 overexpression in DHT-cultured BPH-1 cells.Our findings indicated that Met would be a promising clinical therapeutic approach for BPH by inhibiting dysregulated steroid hormone-induced PEC proliferation.展开更多
Fiber screen fractionation of recycled old corrugated container(OCC)pulp and subsequent targeted processing of each fraction can lead to higher fiber quality,more uniform pulp,and increased handsheet strength and surf...Fiber screen fractionation of recycled old corrugated container(OCC)pulp and subsequent targeted processing of each fraction can lead to higher fiber quality,more uniform pulp,and increased handsheet strength and surface smoothness.This pilot-scale study evaluates the benefits of fiber fractionation using a pressure screen prior to low consistency(LC)refining.A 0.81-mm smooth holed screen cylinder is utilized,and two refiner plate patterns are adopted(wide 0.99 km/rev BEL and interim 2.01 km/rev BEL).Here,LC-refined reject fractions are mixed with the created microfibrillated cellulose(MFC),and the mixed pulp and paper qualities are compared with no-MFC OCC pulps.The results indicate that the highest tensile strength of the handsheet is obtained by the addition of MFC to the fractionated refined OCC pulp compared to the unfractionated refined OCC and primary OCC pulps at a given specific energy.Furthermore,the experimental approach adopted in this study can be used to optimize recycled OCC pulping systems.Overall,the results indicate that fractionated LC refining plus MFC addition provides higher pulp and paper qualities and the potential for saving energy to reach the desired tensile strength of the OCC pulp.展开更多
Objective:Longshengzhi capsule(LSZC)is an optimized preparation based on the traditional Chinese Medicine formula Buyanghuanwu Decoction(BYHWD),and is approved by the China Food and Drug Administration for treating st...Objective:Longshengzhi capsule(LSZC)is an optimized preparation based on the traditional Chinese Medicine formula Buyanghuanwu Decoction(BYHWD),and is approved by the China Food and Drug Administration for treating stroke-induced disability and vascular diseases.Herein,we examined the pharmacodynamics,anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant actions,and potential mechanisms of action of LSZC following stroke in rats.Methods:Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)was used as an ischemic stroke model.LSZC was administered intragastrically.We examined the survival rate,bodyweight,and neurological deficits in stroke rats.Brain infarct size was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.Brain pathology was examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining,Nissl staining,and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling staining.Malondialdehyde,catalase,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione levels were examined by commercial kits.Expression of Nrf2,heme oxygenase-1,Bax,Bcl-2,cleaved caspase-3,and caspase-3 proteins in brain tissue was measured by Western blot.Results:LSZC markedly improved the survival rate and bodyweight,and reduced infarct volume and neurological deficit scores,in MCAO stroke rats.LSZC also significantly attenuated oxidative stress,as indicated by decreased expression of malondialdehyde,and upregulation of Nrf2,heme oxygenase-1,catalase,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione.Moreover,LSZC significantly decreased apoptosis,including a decrease in Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression,and an increase in Bcl-2,as well as a reduction in numbers of apoptotic neurons.Conclusion:LSZC treatment is neuroprotective against ischemic stroke,potentially via reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis.The Nrf2 and apoptotic signaling pathways may play important roles in the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic actions of LSZC.展开更多
Microfibrillated cellulose(MFC)was obtained by mechanical grinding of different pulps.MFC-modified ground calcium carbonate(GCC)was prepared in two different ways,designated MFC-GCC composite filler and MFC-GCC flocs ...Microfibrillated cellulose(MFC)was obtained by mechanical grinding of different pulps.MFC-modified ground calcium carbonate(GCC)was prepared in two different ways,designated MFC-GCC composite filler and MFC-GCC flocs filler.The opacity of pulp handsheets loaded with MFCmodified GCC was measured.The effects of MFC originated from different pulps,pretreatment method,and filler modification on the opacity of handsheets loaded with MFC-modified GCC were discussed.The results show that MFC originated from alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp(APMP)was optimal for improving the opacity of the handsheets and PFI grinding pretreatment for MFC provided a denser structure in the corresponding MFCAPMP-GCC floc filler while enzyme pretreatment was more effective in increasing the opacity of the filled paper.Under the experimental conditions,the opacity of handsheets increased from 81.0%to 82.7%when the unmodified GCC was replaced by an equivalent amount of MFCAPMP-GCC composite filler,while other properties were unchanged.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of Qishen granule(QSG)on heart failure(HF)and the potential mechanisms involved in animal models.Methods:Studies of QSG in animals with HF were identified by searches of eight database...Objective:To evaluate the effect of Qishen granule(QSG)on heart failure(HF)and the potential mechanisms involved in animal models.Methods:Studies of QSG in animals with HF were identified by searches of eight databases up to August 1,2019.Two authors independently reviewed each study and the Collaborative Approach to Metaanalysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies 10-item checklist was used for quality assessment.The primary outcomes were indicators of left ventricular ejection fraction and/or left ventricular fractional shortening.The secondary outcome measures were ventricular structure,hemodynamics,myocardial injury-related indicators,and the mechanisms whereby QSG ameliorates HF.A metaanalysis was performed and all the data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Thirteen studies containing a total of 240 animals met the criteria for the meta-analysis.The quality score of the studies ranged from three to six points.The meta-analysis showed a significant effect of QSG to improve cardiac function,inhibit ventricular remodeling,improve circulation,and attenuate myocardial injury.The possible mechanisms was identified to be suppression of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system,which has anti-fibrotic,anti-apoptotic,anti-inflammatory,and anti-oxidative effects in the myocardium,the prevention of calcium overload,and the promotion of myocardial energy metabolism.Conclusion:Our review shows that QSG has a cardioprotective effect in animal models of CHF.However,due to the relatively poor quality of the included studies and the differences between humans and animal models,the results should be interpreted with caution.展开更多
With the development of geophysical exploration technology,the anisotropy of underground media has got more and more attention.At present,there are few studies on the anisotropy of the induced polarization method.This...With the development of geophysical exploration technology,the anisotropy of underground media has got more and more attention.At present,there are few studies on the anisotropy of the induced polarization method.This article explores the effect of anisotropy on the underground media of the induced polarization method under three-dimensional complex terrain.The research work transforms the underground electric field control equation into a variational problem,and use the unstructured finite element method to construct a large linear equation system for solving electric potentials.By the sparse matrix compression technique and symmetric successive over-relaxation preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm(SSOR-PCG)to solve the equation system.Finally,the article uses the classic central gradient array method to obtain the forward apparent polarizability value.The calculation results of the model find that different anisotropic conditions will significantly affect the forward results which show a strong directional correlation,revealing the importance of considering anisotropy in practical work.展开更多
In regard to knowledge economy,the current concept in the model construction of online education,including distance education and online learning,generally refers to a kind of network-based learning behavior,similar t...In regard to knowledge economy,the current concept in the model construction of online education,including distance education and online learning,generally refers to a kind of network-based learning behavior,similar to the concept of online training.Compared with traditional offline education methods,through the application of information technology and internet technology for content dissemination and rapid learning,online education has the characteristics of high efficiency,convenience,low threshold,and rich teaching resources.Online education covers a wide range of people,different forms of learning,and its classification methods are more diverse.Online education services are the fastest growing field of education informatization.At the moment,the most pressing problems include effectively integrating educational resources with internet technology,launching online education services and products that are highly interactive and would encourage personalized learning,increasing user stickiness,as well as avoiding trend-following and conceptualized investment.展开更多
Construction of stimuli-responsive controlled release system for targeted drug delivery to specific cells is essentially important for cancer therapy since most chemotherapeutics are severely toxic[1].Surface-function...Construction of stimuli-responsive controlled release system for targeted drug delivery to specific cells is essentially important for cancer therapy since most chemotherapeutics are severely toxic[1].Surface-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)and end-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)presented themselves as ideal stimuli-responsive carriers for controlled drug and/or gene delivery,owing to their good biocompatibility,展开更多
Soil functional microbial taxa and extracellular enzymes are involved in a variety of biogeochemical cycling processes.Although many studies have revealed the vertical change patterns of microbial communities along so...Soil functional microbial taxa and extracellular enzymes are involved in a variety of biogeochemical cycling processes.Although many studies have revealed the vertical change patterns of microbial communities along soil profile,the general understanding of the coupling changes in the functional gene abundances(FGAs)and extracellular enzyme activities(EEAs)in soil profiles is still limited,which hinders us from revealing soil ecosystem processes.Herein,we comparatively investigated the FGAs and EEAs in the diagnostic A,B,and C horizons of soil profiles obtained from two suborders of Isohumosols(Mollisols),Ustic and Udic Isohumosols,in Northeast China based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and standard fluorometric techniques,respectively.The distribution patterns of both FGAs and EEAs significantly distinguished by the two soil suborders and were also separated from A to C horizon.Additionally,the variations of EEAs and FGAs were greater in Udic Isohumosols compared to Ustic Isohumosols along soil profiles,and greater changes were observed in C horizon than in A horizon.Both FGAs and EEAs correspondently decreased along the soil profiles.However,when normalized by soil organic carbon,the specific EEAs significantly increased in deep soil horizons,suggesting that microorganisms will input more resources to the production of enzymes to ensure microbial nutrient requirements under resource scarcity.More importantly,we revealed that soil microbial nutrient demands were limited by carbon(C)and phosphorus(P),and the C and P limitations significantly increased along soil profiles with a greater C limitation observed in Ustic Isohumosols than in Udic Isohumosols.Overall,our findings provided solid evidence showing the links between FGAs,EEAs,and microbial nutrient limitations,which would be helpful for a better understanding of the ecosystem processes in soil profiles.展开更多
The pursuit of high-performance narrowband blue organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)is of paramount importance in both academic research and industrial applications.While obvious strides have been made in the design o...The pursuit of high-performance narrowband blue organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)is of paramount importance in both academic research and industrial applications.While obvious strides have been made in the design of narrowband blue emitters,the development of appropriate host materials has evidently trailed behind.Herein,we introduce a medium-ring strategy for crafting host molecules based on the heptagonal tribenzo[b,d,f]azepine(TBA)unit.The twisted three-dimensional(3D)architecture of the TBA framework not only endows the host molecules with fast hole-transporting pathways but also effectively reduces exciton quenching.Equipped with two TBA units,DTBA,synthesized with ease,demonstrates a huge horizontal orientation factor(Θ//)of 93.5%and a broad emission spectrum for accelerating the energy transfer process in the emitting layer,which contributes to enhancing device performance.We have fabricated high-performance narrowband blue OLEDs using DTBA as the host,FIrpic as the phosphor sensitizer,and the widely used boron-nitrogen-containing multiple resonance emitter BCz-BN.These devices exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQEmax)as high as 31.0%with an impressively lowefficiency roll-off.Even at a high luminance level of 10,000 cd m^(-2),the EQE value remains noteworthy at 20.3%,marking a significant advancement in BCz-BN-based devices.展开更多
Regenerating spent graphite(SG)from retired lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)can effectively avoid resource waste.However,the technology is challenged by the impurity content and energy consumption.In this study,micro-expan...Regenerating spent graphite(SG)from retired lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)can effectively avoid resource waste.However,the technology is challenged by the impurity content and energy consumption.In this study,micro-expanded graphite(MEG)was synthesized by one-step oxidation method using waste LIBs anode graphite as material and perchloric acid as intercalation and oxidant agent.Then,its performance as a LIBs anode material were investigated as well as the greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions of the whole process were calculated.Perchloric acid was successfully embedded in the SG during the reaction,which effectively removed the impurities in the graphite.Defects introduced during intercalation and delamination,such as nanopores and intercrystalline cracks.Both provide additional space for Li ions during charging and discharging,thereby promoting capacity enhancement.The prepared MEG expresses a rate capability as high as 340.32 m Ah/g at a current density of 0.1 C and still retains 81.73%of the capacity after 100 cycles at a current density of 1 C.Additionally,the GHG emissions of the synthesis process of this article and other literatures are compared.The results demonstrated that perchloric acid treatment process provides a low-carbon,time-and energy-saving approach for regenerated SG as battery grade material.展开更多
Indoor pollution of manmade semivolatile organic compounds(SVOCs)such as phthalates are a growing threat to human health.Herein we summarize the dust-phase phthalate concentrations in Chinese residences reported from ...Indoor pollution of manmade semivolatile organic compounds(SVOCs)such as phthalates are a growing threat to human health.Herein we summarize the dust-phase phthalate concentrations in Chinese residences reported from 2011 to 2021and simulate corresponding airborne concentrations based on equilibrium models.The simulation considers seasonal and regional variations in indoor temperature and PM_(2.5)concentration,in contrast to the common practice of using constant values.Results show that variations in these two environmental factors lead to up to ten-and six-fold variations in the monthly median gas-and particle-phase concentrations of phthalates,respectively,in residences in individual climate zones.For higher-vaporpressure species di-n-butyl phthalate and di-isobutyl phthalate,the resultant seasonal and regional variations in aggregate nondiet intake can reach six-and three-fold,respectively.These results have important implications on exposure assessment of SVOCs and epidemiological evaluation of their health effects.展开更多
Stroke is a common disease and is the major cause of death and disability.It occurs and generates devastating neurological deficits when cerebral blood vessel is blocked(ischemic stroke,IS)or ruptured(hemorrhagic stro...Stroke is a common disease and is the major cause of death and disability.It occurs and generates devastating neurological deficits when cerebral blood vessel is blocked(ischemic stroke,IS)or ruptured(hemorrhagic stroke,HS).Hydrogel,being biodegradable and biocompatible,have shown attractive advantages in stroke therapy as a new biomaterial with desirable mechanical properties and tunability of structure,owing to special ability to load different cargoes for multiple treatment strategies,such as pharmacotherapy based on drug-delivery systems and cell therapy including mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and neural progenitor cells(NPCs)for improving functional outcomes.However,a comprehensive review of the functional hydrogel for treatment of stroke is still lacking.Therefore,in this work,the main pathological mechanisms of stroke including IS and HS are comprehensively described.The benefits of hydrogel for stroke treatment are also summarized regarding the natural advantages and the delivery advantages.Simultaneously,the application development of hydrogel for treatment of stroke is highlighted.Finally,the unique considerations and challenges in the design and application of hydrogel is discussed for treatment of stroke and clinical application in the future.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:81973377,81903689,82073906 and 82273987)the Key Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant Nos.:19KJB350006 and 19KJA460008)+1 种基金Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),the initializing Fund of Xuzhou Medical University(Grant No.:D2018011)Postgraduate Research Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.:KYCX21-2733 and KYCX22-2966).
文摘The occurrence of benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH)was related to disrupted sex steroid hormones,and metformin(Met)had a clinical response to sex steroid hormone-related gynaecological disease.However,whether Met exerts an antiproliferative effect on BPH via sex steroid hormones remains unclear.Here,our clinical study showed that along with prostatic epithelial cell(PEC)proliferation,sex steroid hormones were dysregulated in the serum and prostate of BPH patients.As the major contributor to dysregulated sex steroid hormones,elevated dihydrotestosterone(DHT)had a significant positive relationship with the clinical characteristics of BPH patients.Activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)by Met restored dysregulated sex steroid hormone homeostasis and exerted antiproliferative effects against DHT-induced proliferation by inhibiting the formation of androgen receptor(AR)-mediated Yes-associated protein(YAP1)-TEA domain transcription factor(TEAD4)heterodimers.Met’s anti-proliferative effects were blocked by AMPK inhibitor or YAP1 overexpression in DHT-cultured BPH-1 cells.Our findings indicated that Met would be a promising clinical therapeutic approach for BPH by inhibiting dysregulated steroid hormone-induced PEC proliferation.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2234090).
文摘Fiber screen fractionation of recycled old corrugated container(OCC)pulp and subsequent targeted processing of each fraction can lead to higher fiber quality,more uniform pulp,and increased handsheet strength and surface smoothness.This pilot-scale study evaluates the benefits of fiber fractionation using a pressure screen prior to low consistency(LC)refining.A 0.81-mm smooth holed screen cylinder is utilized,and two refiner plate patterns are adopted(wide 0.99 km/rev BEL and interim 2.01 km/rev BEL).Here,LC-refined reject fractions are mixed with the created microfibrillated cellulose(MFC),and the mixed pulp and paper qualities are compared with no-MFC OCC pulps.The results indicate that the highest tensile strength of the handsheet is obtained by the addition of MFC to the fractionated refined OCC pulp compared to the unfractionated refined OCC and primary OCC pulps at a given specific energy.Furthermore,the experimental approach adopted in this study can be used to optimize recycled OCC pulping systems.Overall,the results indicate that fractionated LC refining plus MFC addition provides higher pulp and paper qualities and the potential for saving energy to reach the desired tensile strength of the OCC pulp.
基金The authors thank Beijing University of Chinese Medicine for providing the necessary facilities and funding this project(No.2180071720034).
文摘Objective:Longshengzhi capsule(LSZC)is an optimized preparation based on the traditional Chinese Medicine formula Buyanghuanwu Decoction(BYHWD),and is approved by the China Food and Drug Administration for treating stroke-induced disability and vascular diseases.Herein,we examined the pharmacodynamics,anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant actions,and potential mechanisms of action of LSZC following stroke in rats.Methods:Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)was used as an ischemic stroke model.LSZC was administered intragastrically.We examined the survival rate,bodyweight,and neurological deficits in stroke rats.Brain infarct size was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.Brain pathology was examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining,Nissl staining,and TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling staining.Malondialdehyde,catalase,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione levels were examined by commercial kits.Expression of Nrf2,heme oxygenase-1,Bax,Bcl-2,cleaved caspase-3,and caspase-3 proteins in brain tissue was measured by Western blot.Results:LSZC markedly improved the survival rate and bodyweight,and reduced infarct volume and neurological deficit scores,in MCAO stroke rats.LSZC also significantly attenuated oxidative stress,as indicated by decreased expression of malondialdehyde,and upregulation of Nrf2,heme oxygenase-1,catalase,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione.Moreover,LSZC significantly decreased apoptosis,including a decrease in Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression,and an increase in Bcl-2,as well as a reduction in numbers of apoptotic neurons.Conclusion:LSZC treatment is neuroprotective against ischemic stroke,potentially via reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis.The Nrf2 and apoptotic signaling pathways may play important roles in the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic actions of LSZC.
文摘Microfibrillated cellulose(MFC)was obtained by mechanical grinding of different pulps.MFC-modified ground calcium carbonate(GCC)was prepared in two different ways,designated MFC-GCC composite filler and MFC-GCC flocs filler.The opacity of pulp handsheets loaded with MFCmodified GCC was measured.The effects of MFC originated from different pulps,pretreatment method,and filler modification on the opacity of handsheets loaded with MFC-modified GCC were discussed.The results show that MFC originated from alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp(APMP)was optimal for improving the opacity of the handsheets and PFI grinding pretreatment for MFC provided a denser structure in the corresponding MFCAPMP-GCC floc filler while enzyme pretreatment was more effective in increasing the opacity of the filled paper.Under the experimental conditions,the opacity of handsheets increased from 81.0%to 82.7%when the unmodified GCC was replaced by an equivalent amount of MFCAPMP-GCC composite filler,while other properties were unchanged.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973697)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1700102).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of Qishen granule(QSG)on heart failure(HF)and the potential mechanisms involved in animal models.Methods:Studies of QSG in animals with HF were identified by searches of eight databases up to August 1,2019.Two authors independently reviewed each study and the Collaborative Approach to Metaanalysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies 10-item checklist was used for quality assessment.The primary outcomes were indicators of left ventricular ejection fraction and/or left ventricular fractional shortening.The secondary outcome measures were ventricular structure,hemodynamics,myocardial injury-related indicators,and the mechanisms whereby QSG ameliorates HF.A metaanalysis was performed and all the data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:Thirteen studies containing a total of 240 animals met the criteria for the meta-analysis.The quality score of the studies ranged from three to six points.The meta-analysis showed a significant effect of QSG to improve cardiac function,inhibit ventricular remodeling,improve circulation,and attenuate myocardial injury.The possible mechanisms was identified to be suppression of the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system,which has anti-fibrotic,anti-apoptotic,anti-inflammatory,and anti-oxidative effects in the myocardium,the prevention of calcium overload,and the promotion of myocardial energy metabolism.Conclusion:Our review shows that QSG has a cardioprotective effect in animal models of CHF.However,due to the relatively poor quality of the included studies and the differences between humans and animal models,the results should be interpreted with caution.
文摘With the development of geophysical exploration technology,the anisotropy of underground media has got more and more attention.At present,there are few studies on the anisotropy of the induced polarization method.This article explores the effect of anisotropy on the underground media of the induced polarization method under three-dimensional complex terrain.The research work transforms the underground electric field control equation into a variational problem,and use the unstructured finite element method to construct a large linear equation system for solving electric potentials.By the sparse matrix compression technique and symmetric successive over-relaxation preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm(SSOR-PCG)to solve the equation system.Finally,the article uses the classic central gradient array method to obtain the forward apparent polarizability value.The calculation results of the model find that different anisotropic conditions will significantly affect the forward results which show a strong directional correlation,revealing the importance of considering anisotropy in practical work.
文摘In regard to knowledge economy,the current concept in the model construction of online education,including distance education and online learning,generally refers to a kind of network-based learning behavior,similar to the concept of online training.Compared with traditional offline education methods,through the application of information technology and internet technology for content dissemination and rapid learning,online education has the characteristics of high efficiency,convenience,low threshold,and rich teaching resources.Online education covers a wide range of people,different forms of learning,and its classification methods are more diverse.Online education services are the fastest growing field of education informatization.At the moment,the most pressing problems include effectively integrating educational resources with internet technology,launching online education services and products that are highly interactive and would encourage personalized learning,increasing user stickiness,as well as avoiding trend-following and conceptualized investment.
文摘Construction of stimuli-responsive controlled release system for targeted drug delivery to specific cells is essentially important for cancer therapy since most chemotherapeutics are severely toxic[1].Surface-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs)and end-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)presented themselves as ideal stimuli-responsive carriers for controlled drug and/or gene delivery,owing to their good biocompatibility,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172005,11988102,and 11890681)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFB3806100 and 2020YFE0204200).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41977202)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA28020201)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang,China(No.ZD2022D001)。
文摘Soil functional microbial taxa and extracellular enzymes are involved in a variety of biogeochemical cycling processes.Although many studies have revealed the vertical change patterns of microbial communities along soil profile,the general understanding of the coupling changes in the functional gene abundances(FGAs)and extracellular enzyme activities(EEAs)in soil profiles is still limited,which hinders us from revealing soil ecosystem processes.Herein,we comparatively investigated the FGAs and EEAs in the diagnostic A,B,and C horizons of soil profiles obtained from two suborders of Isohumosols(Mollisols),Ustic and Udic Isohumosols,in Northeast China based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and standard fluorometric techniques,respectively.The distribution patterns of both FGAs and EEAs significantly distinguished by the two soil suborders and were also separated from A to C horizon.Additionally,the variations of EEAs and FGAs were greater in Udic Isohumosols compared to Ustic Isohumosols along soil profiles,and greater changes were observed in C horizon than in A horizon.Both FGAs and EEAs correspondently decreased along the soil profiles.However,when normalized by soil organic carbon,the specific EEAs significantly increased in deep soil horizons,suggesting that microorganisms will input more resources to the production of enzymes to ensure microbial nutrient requirements under resource scarcity.More importantly,we revealed that soil microbial nutrient demands were limited by carbon(C)and phosphorus(P),and the C and P limitations significantly increased along soil profiles with a greater C limitation observed in Ustic Isohumosols than in Udic Isohumosols.Overall,our findings provided solid evidence showing the links between FGAs,EEAs,and microbial nutrient limitations,which would be helpful for a better understanding of the ecosystem processes in soil profiles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22031007,22275127)。
文摘The pursuit of high-performance narrowband blue organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)is of paramount importance in both academic research and industrial applications.While obvious strides have been made in the design of narrowband blue emitters,the development of appropriate host materials has evidently trailed behind.Herein,we introduce a medium-ring strategy for crafting host molecules based on the heptagonal tribenzo[b,d,f]azepine(TBA)unit.The twisted three-dimensional(3D)architecture of the TBA framework not only endows the host molecules with fast hole-transporting pathways but also effectively reduces exciton quenching.Equipped with two TBA units,DTBA,synthesized with ease,demonstrates a huge horizontal orientation factor(Θ//)of 93.5%and a broad emission spectrum for accelerating the energy transfer process in the emitting layer,which contributes to enhancing device performance.We have fabricated high-performance narrowband blue OLEDs using DTBA as the host,FIrpic as the phosphor sensitizer,and the widely used boron-nitrogen-containing multiple resonance emitter BCz-BN.These devices exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQEmax)as high as 31.0%with an impressively lowefficiency roll-off.Even at a high luminance level of 10,000 cd m^(-2),the EQE value remains noteworthy at 20.3%,marking a significant advancement in BCz-BN-based devices.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1907900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52125002 and 52100043)the National Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20202BABL213037)。
文摘Regenerating spent graphite(SG)from retired lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)can effectively avoid resource waste.However,the technology is challenged by the impurity content and energy consumption.In this study,micro-expanded graphite(MEG)was synthesized by one-step oxidation method using waste LIBs anode graphite as material and perchloric acid as intercalation and oxidant agent.Then,its performance as a LIBs anode material were investigated as well as the greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions of the whole process were calculated.Perchloric acid was successfully embedded in the SG during the reaction,which effectively removed the impurities in the graphite.Defects introduced during intercalation and delamination,such as nanopores and intercrystalline cracks.Both provide additional space for Li ions during charging and discharging,thereby promoting capacity enhancement.The prepared MEG expresses a rate capability as high as 340.32 m Ah/g at a current density of 0.1 C and still retains 81.73%of the capacity after 100 cycles at a current density of 1 C.Additionally,the GHG emissions of the synthesis process of this article and other literatures are compared.The results demonstrated that perchloric acid treatment process provides a low-carbon,time-and energy-saving approach for regenerated SG as battery grade material.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92044303 and 22076004)
文摘Indoor pollution of manmade semivolatile organic compounds(SVOCs)such as phthalates are a growing threat to human health.Herein we summarize the dust-phase phthalate concentrations in Chinese residences reported from 2011 to 2021and simulate corresponding airborne concentrations based on equilibrium models.The simulation considers seasonal and regional variations in indoor temperature and PM_(2.5)concentration,in contrast to the common practice of using constant values.Results show that variations in these two environmental factors lead to up to ten-and six-fold variations in the monthly median gas-and particle-phase concentrations of phthalates,respectively,in residences in individual climate zones.For higher-vaporpressure species di-n-butyl phthalate and di-isobutyl phthalate,the resultant seasonal and regional variations in aggregate nondiet intake can reach six-and three-fold,respectively.These results have important implications on exposure assessment of SVOCs and epidemiological evaluation of their health effects.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82073395 and 319009919)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2020TQ0288)Youth Talent Promotion Foundation of Henan Province(No.2021HYTP047)。
文摘Stroke is a common disease and is the major cause of death and disability.It occurs and generates devastating neurological deficits when cerebral blood vessel is blocked(ischemic stroke,IS)or ruptured(hemorrhagic stroke,HS).Hydrogel,being biodegradable and biocompatible,have shown attractive advantages in stroke therapy as a new biomaterial with desirable mechanical properties and tunability of structure,owing to special ability to load different cargoes for multiple treatment strategies,such as pharmacotherapy based on drug-delivery systems and cell therapy including mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and neural progenitor cells(NPCs)for improving functional outcomes.However,a comprehensive review of the functional hydrogel for treatment of stroke is still lacking.Therefore,in this work,the main pathological mechanisms of stroke including IS and HS are comprehensively described.The benefits of hydrogel for stroke treatment are also summarized regarding the natural advantages and the delivery advantages.Simultaneously,the application development of hydrogel for treatment of stroke is highlighted.Finally,the unique considerations and challenges in the design and application of hydrogel is discussed for treatment of stroke and clinical application in the future.
