The Future of Environmental Engineering Technology:A Disruptive Innovation Perspective

Scientific and technological revolutions and industrial transformations have accelerated the rate of innovation in environmental engineering technologies.However,few researchers have evaluated the current status and future trends of technologies.This paper summarizes the current research status in eight major subfields of environmental engineering—water treatment,air pollution control,soil/solid waste management,environmental biotechnology,environmental engineering equipment,emerging contaminants,synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions,and environmental risk and intelligent management—based on bibliometric analysis and future trends in greenization,low carbonization,and intelligentization.Disruptive technologies are further identified based on discontinuous transformation,and ten such technologies are proposed,covering general and specific fields,technical links,and value sources.Additionally,the background and key innovations in disruptive technologies are elucidated in detail.This study not only provides a scientific basis for strategic decision-making,planning,and implementation in the environmental engineering field but also offers methodological guidance for the research and determination of breakthrough technologies in other areas.

Upconversion luminescence of Er³⁺/Yb³⁺Co-Doped Sb₂O₃-WO₃-Li₂O Antimonate Glasses

A series of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped Sb2O3-WO3-Li2O glasses were prepared. Intense green upconversion fluorescence was observed near 524 and 544nm under excitation at 980 nm. The upconversion process was proved to be a two-photon absorption process. The upconversion fluorescence efficiency was enhanced by increasing introduction concentration of Yb3+ ions. The low maximum phonon energy of the glasses indicated that the glasses were good potential for upconversion optical devices.

超顺磁氧化铁纳米颗粒的可控制备及其磁感应热性能分析——介绍一个大学化学综合实验

超顺磁氧化铁纳米颗粒因其独特的磁学性质和优异的生物相容性,在生物医学领域具有广泛应用。其中,超顺磁氧化铁在交变磁场作用下的磁感应热特性,已被用于临床肿瘤治疗,是当前纳米医学和转化医学研究的前沿热点。本文介绍了利用高温热分解法制备不同尺寸的超顺磁氧化铁纳米颗粒,并分别从纳米颗粒尺寸及磁场强度两个方面探究其对超顺磁氧化铁磁感应热性能的影响,使学生初步了解磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒尺寸可控的制备方法以及磁感应热效应的基本原理、测试和分析方法。本综合实验取材于备受关注且已在疾病治疗领域显示出巨大应用潜力的前沿研究成果,有助于拓展学生的科学视野,启发科研兴趣,培养科学创新意识。

多肽在微通道内流动与迁移特性的数值模拟

利用耗散粒子动力学方法,建立了多肽粗粒化模型,分别研究了流场强度、多肽浓度、多肽链长、溶剂性质对多肽在微通道内压力驱动下流动行为的影响。研究发现,多肽溶液表现出剪切稀化行为,随流场强度增强,壁面附近相对浓度降低;随溶液浓度增加,通道中心处流速增大,多肽远离壁面的趋势增强;随链长增加、溶剂溶解能力降低,多肽由壁面向通道中心迁移趋势增强。通过对不同条件下的流场与相对浓度分布进行分析,提示不同条件对多肽在微通道流动与迁移特性具有重要影响,并从流体动力学和流变学角度对多肽在不同条件下的流动与迁移机理给出了解释。

Mpox(formerly monkeypox):pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment

In 2022,a global outbreak of Mpox(formerly monkeypox)occurred in various countries across Europe and America and rapidly spread to more than 100 countries and regions.The World Health Organization declared the outbreak to be a public health emergency of international concern due to the rapid spread of the Mpox virus.Consequently,nations intensified their efforts to explore treatment strategies aimed at combating the infection and its dissemination.Nevertheless,the available therapeutic options for Mpox virus infection remain limited.So far,only a few numbers of antiviral compounds have been approved by regulatory authorities.Given the high mutability of the Mpox virus,certain mutant strains have shown resistance to existing pharmaceutical interventions.This highlights the urgent need to develop novel antiviral drugs that can combat both drug resistance and the potential threat of bioterrorism.Currently,there is a lack of comprehensive literature on the pathophysiology and treatment of Mpox.To address this issue,we conducted a review covering the physiological and pathological processes of Mpox infection,summarizing the latest progress of anti-Mpox drugs.Our analysis encompasses approved drugs currently employed in clinical settings,as well as newly identified small-molecule compounds and antibody drugs displaying potential antiviral efficacy against Mpox.Furthermore,we have gained valuable insights from the process of Mpox drug development,including strategies for repurposing drugs,the discovery of drug targets driven by artificial intelligence,and preclinical drug development.The purpose of this review is to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on Mpox.

One-step calcination synthesis of interface-coherent crystallized and surface-passivated LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4) for high-voltage lithium-ion battery

LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)(LNMO)with a spinel crystal structure presents a compelling avenue towards the development of economic cobalt-free and high voltage(~5 V)lithium-ion batteries.Nevertheless,the elevated operational voltage of LNMO gives rise to pronounced interfacial interactions between the distorted surface lattices characterized by Jahn-Teller(J-T)distortions and the electrolyte constituents.Herein,a localized crystallized coherent LaNiO_(3) and surface passivated Li_(3)PO_(4) layer is deposited on LNMO via a one-step calcination process.As evidenced by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS)and density functional theory(DFT)calculation,the epitaxial growth of LaNiO_(3) along the LNMO lattice can effectively stabilize the structure and inhibit irreversible phase transitions,and the Li_(3)PO_(4) surface coating can prevent the chemical reaction between HF and transition metals without sacrificing the electrochemical activity.In addition,the ionic conductive Li_(3)PO_(4) and atomic wetting inter-layer enables fast charge transfer transport property.Consequently,the LNMO material enabled by the lattice bonding and surface passivating features,demonstrates high performance at high current densities and good capacity retention during long-term test.The rational design of interface coherent engineering and surface coating layers of the LNMO cathode material offers a new perspective for the practical application of high-voltage lithium-ion batteries.

Lycorine derivative effectively inhibits the replication of coronaviruses both in vitro and in vivo

The established and ongoing prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and seasonal human coronaviruses(HCoV)like HCoV-OC43,HCoV-NL63,and HCoV-229E,pose a continuous threat to public health.Therefore,it is urgently needed to explore antiviral drugs with broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activity.Our previous studies have revealed that lycorine is a potent broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus drug,a natural alkaloid extracted from Amaryllidaceae with various pharmacological and microbiological effects.However,it is unsafe to directly use lycorine as a clinical antiviral drug due to the cytotoxicity and induction of cell apoptosis.In this study,a series of lycorine derivatives were designed and synthesized.One of them,named Ly-8,was found to effectively inhibit the replication of different coronavirus strains in vitro,including SARS-CoV-2.Moreover,Ly-8 was also shown to effectively inhibit HCoVOC43 replication in the central nervous system,and provide effective protection against HCoV-OC43 infection in mice with low drug toxicity.Furthermore,Ly-8-resistant mutants were not observed during the 30 times sequential passages in cell culture.Collectively,these findings suggest that Ly-8 may be a potential candidate drug for the future development of broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus drugs.

PxSy nanoparticles encapsulated in graphene as highly reversible cathode for sodium ion batteries

Herein,phosphorus-mediated sulfur nanoparticles encapsulated in reduced graphene oxide nanosheets(P-SrGO-T)were successfully synthesized as the cathode for sodium ion battery by a ball milling and the following thermal treatment.A series of covalent bonds,such as P–S,C–S–C,C–O–P and C–S–P,are formed in this process,which are in favor of fixing the sulfur and suppressing the parasitic shuttle effect of polysulfide.Benefiting from the graphene sheets and these covalent bonds,a high reversible capacity of 637.4 m Ah/g was achieved in P-SrGO-T after 100 cycles at the current density of 0.2 A/g.In addition,P-SrGO-T also delivers a high-rate capacity(330.7 m Ah/g at 5 A/g)attributing to low charge transfer resistance and faster ion diffusion kinetic.This work pushes the progress forward in developing phosphosulfide cathode for sodium ion batteries.

Setting up a heart rate alarm limit to decrease oculocardiac reflex during strabismus surgery in children

The aim of this paper is to investigate a method which may decrease the incidence and severity of oculo-cardiac reflex(OCR)without drugs.One hundred and sixty children undergoing strabismus surgery were allo-cated to two groups using double-blind randomization.OCR was defined as a decrease of more than 10%from the baseline heart rate during operation.An alarm sounded and a lamp flashed as soon as OCR occurred in group I,and neither of the above happened in group II.OCR occurred(1.151±0.858)times in group I and(2.287±1.371)times in group II(P<0.05).Heart rate decreased by(23±19)bpm in group I and(35±28)bpm in group II(P<0.05).The duration of OCR in group I and group II was(4.36±4.26)s and(7.62±6.41)s,respectively(P<0.05).The recovery time for group I and group II was(15.36±13.28)s and(32.36±19.57)s,respectively(P<0.05).The numbers of times of interruption were 8 in group I(10%)and 26 in group II(32%)(P<0.01).This method significantly decreased the incidence and severity of OCR during stra-bismus surgery in children.

脾脏疾病腹腔镜手术治疗现状及围手术期管理

自1991年Delaitre医师报道第一例腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy,LS)后,腹腔镜凭借其出血少、疼痛轻、恢复快及住院时间短等优势迅速普及,成为治疗多种脾脏疾病的金标准。而严格的术前评估、精细的手术操作、细致的术后管理是促进患者尽快康复、获得更好预后的关键措施。本文结合近期国内外文献,对脾脏疾病腹腔镜手术治疗的适应证、术式选择、手术技术及围手术期管理等方面作一综述。