Proof of Aerobically Autoxidized Self-Charge Concept Based on Single Catechol-Enriched Carbon Cathode Material

The self-charging concept has drawn considerable attention due to its excellent ability to achieve environmental energy harvesting,conversion and storage without an external power supply.However,most self-charging designs assembled by multiple energy harvesting,conversion and storage materials increase the energy transfer loss;the environmental energy supply is generally limited by climate and meteorological conditions,hindering the potential application of these selfpowered devices to be available at all times.Based on aerobic autoxidation of catechol,which is similar to the electrochemical oxidation of the catechol groups on the carbon materials under an electrical charge,we proposed an air-breathing chemical self-charge concept based on the aerobic autoxidation of catechol groups on oxygen-enriched carbon materials to ortho-quinone groups.Energy harvesting,conversion and storage functions could be integrated on a single carbon material to avoid the energy transfer loss among the different materials.Moreover,the assembled Cu/oxygen-enriched carbon battery confirmed the feasibility of the air-oxidation self-charging/electrical discharging mechanism for potential applications.This air-breathing chemical self-charge concept could facilitate the exploration of high-efficiency sustainable air self-charging devices.

Lung-Targeted Transgene Expression of Nanocomplexed Ad5 Enhances Immune Response in the Presence of Preexisting Immunity

Recombinant adenovirus serotype 5(Ad5)vector has been widely applied in vaccine development targeting infectious diseases,such as Ebola virus disease and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the high prevalence of preexisting anti-vector immunity compromises the immunogenicity of Ad5-based vaccines.Thus,there is a substantial unmet need to minimize preexisting immunity while improving the insert-induced immunity of Ad5 vectors.Herein,we address this need by utilizing biocompatible nanoparticles to modulate Ad5–host interactions.We show that positively charged human serum albumin nanoparticles((+)HSAnp),which are capable of forming a complex with Ad5,significantly increase the transgene expression of Ad5 in both coxsackievirus–adenovirus receptor-positive and-negative cells.Furthermore,in charge-and dose-dependent manners,Ad5/(+)HSAnp complexes achieve robust(up to227-fold higher)and long-term(up to 60 days)transgene expression in the lungs of mice following intranasal instillation.Importantly,in the presence of preexisting anti-Ad5 immunity,complexed Ad5-based Ebola and COVID-19 vaccines significantly enhance antigen-specific humoral response and mucosal immunity.These findings suggest that viral aggregation and charge modification could be leveraged to engineer enhanced viral vectors for vaccines and gene therapies.

Overview of Research and Development for Anticancer Drugs

Anticancer drugs research and development have been the largest market area in the pharmaceutical industry in terms of the number of project, clinical trials and spending. In the last 10 - 30 years, targeting therapy for cancers has been developed and achieved enormous clinical effectiveness by transforming some previously deadly malignancies into chronically manageable conditions, but cure problem still remains. This mini review outlined the current status of anticancer drugs development and hinted the opinions of how to further increase the accuracy and efficacy of discovery for cancer treatment.

大气等离子喷涂ZrB2/SiC/TaSi2超高温陶瓷涂层及其性能研究

高超声速飞行器在飞行过程中面临强烈的气动加热,而C/C复合材料因其优异的高温热稳定性而受到了航天领域的广泛关注,但也存在高温抗氧化能力不足的问题。本文以硼化锆、碳化硅、二硅化钽为原料制备了复合粉体材料,通过大气等离子喷涂(APS)工艺在C/C基体表面制备了高温抗氧化陶瓷涂层;采用SEM、EDS等检测手段对喷雾干燥粉末和涂层的相和微观结构进行了表征,并选用氧乙炔火焰在1800℃下对涂层样品进行了300s烧蚀考核。研究结果表明,TaSi2的加入可以降低复合粉体的共熔温度,在喷涂时粉末可以产生更多的共熔共晶组织,提高粉末沉积效率;采用大气等离子喷涂制备得到的ZrB2/SiC/TaSi2复合陶瓷涂层表现出了优异的高温抗氧化性能,涂层无明显剥落破碎等现象;烧蚀过程中TaSi2可以促进稳定的共晶氧化物的形成以及补充挥发的玻璃相,涂层表面形成了致密的Zr-Ta-O共晶氧化物,起到阻氧屏障的作用,从而使涂层具有更好的抗烧蚀性能。

A Vaccine Based on the Receptor-Binding Domain of the Spike Protein Expressed in Glycoengineered Pichia pastoris Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Stimulates Neutralizing and Protective Antibody Responses

In 2020 and 2021,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),a novel coronavirus,caused a global pandemic.Vaccines are expected to reduce the pressure of prevention and control,and have become the most effective strategy to solve the pandemic crisis.SARS-CoV-2 infects the host by binding to the cellular receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2)via the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of the surface spike(S)glycoprotein.In this study,a candidate vaccine based on a RBD recombinant subunit was prepared by means of a novel glycoengineered yeast Pichia pastoris expression system with characteristics of glycosylation modification similar to those of mammalian cells.The candidate vaccine effectively stimulated mice to produce high-titer anti-RBD specific antibody.Furthermore,the specific antibody titer and virus-neutralizing antibody(NAb)titer induced by the vaccine were increased significantly by the combination of the double adjuvants Al(OH)_(3) and CpG.Our results showed that the virus-NAb lasted for more than six months in mice.To summarize,we have obtained a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on the RBD of the S glycoprotein expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris,which stimulates neutralizing and protective antibody responses.A technical route for fucose-free complex-type N-glycosylation modified recombinant subunit vaccine preparation has been established.

氧乙炔燃流氧化处理制备氧化物包覆ZrB_2/SiC核壳结构粉末特征与机理的研究

ZrB_2/SiC复合粉体熔点高,在等离子喷涂过程中难以获得良好的熔融状态,变形颗粒间存在大量缺陷,导致涂层抗氧化性能急剧下降。为此,本文设计了氧化物包覆ZrB_2/SiC复合粉末,并探索采用氧乙炔火焰热处理方法进行核壳结构粉末的制备。采用扫描电镜对不同试验阶段粉体表面及截面进行观察,发现氧化热处理后的粉体可以得到明显核壳结构的团聚粉,粉体的致密性也得到了明显的提高。采用EDS对三种粉体的成分分布进行了观察,探究了原位氧化法制备得到的核壳结构的粉体中Zr、Si、O主要元素的分布情况,结合XRD进行的物相分析,进一步证实了扫描电镜观察的结果,并对结果形成原因进行了分析。

Research on Cyberspace Mimic Defense Based on Dynamic Heterogeneous Redundancy Mechanism

With the rapid growth of network technology, the methods and types of cyber-attacks are increasing rapidly. Traditional static passive defense technologies focus on external security and known threats to the target system and cannot resist advanced persistent threats. To solve the situation that cyberspace security is easy to attack and difficult to defend, Chinese experts on cyberspace security proposed an innovative theory called mimic defense, it is an active defense technology that employs “Dynamic, Heterogeneous, Redundant” architecture to defense attacks. This article first briefly describes the classic network defense technology and Moving Target Defense (MTD). Next, it mainly explains in detail the principles of the mimic defense based on the DHR architecture and analyzes the attack surface of DHR architecture. This article also includes applications of mimic defense technology, such as mimic routers, and mimic web defense systems. Finally, it briefly summarizes the existing research on mimic defense, expounds the problems that need to be solved in mimic defense, and looks forward to the future development of mimic defense.

Photo-controllable antifouling hydrogels embedded with AgNPs coated spiropyran functionalized mesoporous silica for long-term antibacterial activity

Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)are widely used in antimicrobial applications.However,its easy aggregation and rapid loss hinder the effective antifouling.To address this issue,a novel stimuli-responsive antibacterial nanocomposite(Ag@SP-MSN)was developed based on spiropyran covalently conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticles(284.6 nm)and AgNPs(27.1 nm)via strong electrostatic attraction.Both transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and atomic force microscopy(AFM)images proved the successful modification of AgNPs onto SP-MSN.The light-induced maximum loading amount towards AgNPs was calculated to be 95.0 wt.%after ultraviolet irradiation,while the amount of AgNPs released from Ag@SP-MSN was 94.4 wt.%under visible light in the aid of ammonia(0.1%,v/v).Upon cycled light irradiation,Ag@SP-MSN could recover 84.5 wt.%of AgNPs even after four cycles.The proposed Ag@SP-MSN exhibited better antibacterial activity against both E.coli and S.aureus than Ag@MSN under visible light illumination,indicating the efficient photo-responsive isomerization of spiropyran.Furthermore,the Ag@SP-MSN embedded gel demonstrated outstanding antifouling ability even after 21 days when compared to AgNPs gel.The long-term photo-controllable antifouling property proved the excellent reversible absorption and release of Ag@SP-MSN towards AgNPs.This work provides new insights into the safe utilization of nanomaterials,offering promising advancements to meet clinical antibacterial requirements.

Rational design of a single-component mRNA vaccine against orthopoxvirus and SARS-CoV-2

Dear Editor,In the era of COVID-19,the prevalence of viruses from other families poses new threats to humans.Despite the eradication of smallpox in 1980,the global outbreak of monkeypox in 2022(Lum et al.,2022;Nuzzo et al.,2022)alerted that the re-emerging orthopoxvirus(OPXV)remained a persistent threat to global health.OPXV includes a number of viruses with a broad host range,including variola virus(VARV),monkeypox virus(MPXV),vaccinia virus(VACV).

Immediate and long-term outcomes after treat-all among people living with HIV in China:an interrupted time series analysis

Background In 2003,China implemented free antiretroviral therapy(ART)for people living with HIV(PLHIV),establishing an eligibility threshold of CD4<200 cells/μl.Subsequently,the entry criteria were revised in 2012(eligibility threshold:CD4≤350 cells/μl),2014(CD4≤500 cells/μl),and 2016(treat-all).However,the impact of treat-all policy on HIV care and treatment indicators in China is unknown.We aimed to elucidate the immediate and long-term impact of the implementation of treat-all policy in China.Methods Anonymized programmatic data on ART initiation and collection in PLHIV who newly started ART were retrieved between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019,from two provincial and municipal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and ten major infectious disease hospitals specialized in HIV care in China.We used Poisson and quasi-Poisson segmented regression models to estimate the immediate and long-term impact of treat-all on three key indicators:monthly proportion of 30-day ART initiation,mean CD4 counts(cells/μl)at ART initiation,and mean estimated time from infection to diagnosis(year).We built separate models according to gender,age,route of transmission and region.Results Monthly data on ART initiation and collection were available for 75,516 individuals[gender:83.8%males;age:median 39 years,interquartile range(IQR):28-53;region:18.5%Northern China,10.9%Northeastern China,17.5%Southern China,49.2%Southwestern China].In the first month of treat-all,compared with the contemporaneous counterfactual,there was a significant increase in proportion of 30-day ART initiation[+12.6%,incidence rate ratio(IRR)=1.126,95%CI:1.033-1.229;P=0.007]and mean estimated time from infection to diagnosis(+7.0%,IRR=1.070,95%CI:1.021-1.120;P=0.004),while there was no significant change in mean CD4 at ART initiation(IRR=0.990,95%CI:0.956-1.026;P=0.585).By December 2019,the three outcomes were not significantly different from expected levels.In the stratified analysis,compared with the contemporaneous counterfactual,mean CD4 at ART initiation showed significant increases in Northern China(+3.3%,IRR=1.033,95%CI:1.001-1.065;P=0.041)and Northeastern China(+8.0%,IRR=1.080,95%CI:1.003-1.164;P=0.042)in the first month of treat-all;mean estimated time from infection to diagnosis showed significant increases in male(+5.6%,IRR=1.056,95%CI:1.010-1.104;P=0.016),female(+14.8%,IRR=1.148,95%CI:1.062-1.240;P<0.001),aged 26-35(+5.3%,IRR=1.053,95%CI:1.001-1.109;P=0.048)and>50(+7.8%,IRR=1.078,95%CI:1.000-1.161;P=0.046),heterosexual transmission(+12.4%,IRR=1.124,95%CI:1.042-1.213;P=0.002)and Southwestern China(+12.9%,IRR=1.129,95%CI:1.055-1.208;P<0.001)in the first month of treat-all.Conclusions The implementation of treat-all policy in China was associated with a positive effect on HIV care and treatment outcomes.To advance the work of rapid ART,efforts should be made to streamline the testing and ART initiation process,provide comprehensive support services,and address the issue of uneven distribution of medical resources.

Prehistoric damaging earthquake promoted the decline of"Heluo Ancient State"in Early China

The emergence of the"Ancient State"is considered an important stage in the discourse on human civilizations.Based on its complex and hierarchical social structure,the Shuanghuaishu site of Henan Province is regarded as an"Ancient state",specifically the"Heluo Ancient State".The site is situated in the middle reaches of the Yellow River region and played a key role in prehistoric China.However,the reasons behind its decline are unclear.Here,we conducted an integrated investigation of the archaeological excavations and archaeoseismic analyses at the Shuanghuaishu site.We identified paleoseismic remains within paleo-artificial moats,which were formed owing to off-fault structures of soil liquefaction,hillslope landslides,and related ground fractures,along with shake-related wall disruption and building collapse in the residential zone.Charcoal dating was conducted to constrain the age for this earthquake event,which was determined to be approximately 5.0 cal kyr BP.Furthermore,based on the practical curve for earthquake-induced liquefaction,the preliminary estimate of the magnitude of this paleo seismic event is greater than M_(s)5.9-6.0.We propose that the Shuanghuaishu site experienced a recession after the earthquake event,which may have influenced the continuous development of the"Heluo Ancient State"as a regional center settlement.

Iron atom-nanoparticles for interactional enhancing the electrocatalytic reaction activity in Li-S batteries

The undesirable shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides seriously result in low sulfur utilization and poor capacity retention.Here,an integrated strategy is proposed by rational designing multifunctional architecture to manipulate the redox kinetics of polysulfides,specifically,by employing iron atoms(Fe-As)and iron-species nanoparticles(Fe-NPs)co-embedded nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube(Fe-NCNT)as catalyst and host for sulfur.The synergistic cooperation of Fe-As and Fe-NPs provides efficient active sites to facilitate the diffusion,strengthen the affinities,and promote the conversion reactions for polysulfides.Furthermore,the NCNT not only offers practical Li+transport pathways but also immobilize the polysulfides effectively.Benefiting from these merits,the Fe-NCNT/S electrodes exhibit high initial specific capacity of 1502.6 mAh/g at 0.1 C,outstanding rate performance(830 mAh/g at 2 C),and good cycling performance(597.8 mAh/g after 500 cycles with an ultralow capacity fading rate of 0.069%per cycle).This work features the distinct interaction of iron atom-nanoparticles on facilitating immobilization-diffusion-transformation process of polysulfides,and it also expected to pave the way for the application in practical Li-S batteries.

Uptake of Heterologous or Homologous COVID-19 Booster Dose and Related Adverse Events Among Diabetic Patients:A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study—China,2022

Summary What is already known about this topic?Although a third coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination(booster)dose is highly recommended for diabetic patients,the vaccination behaviors and related adverse events are unclear among diabetic patients with a COVID-19 booster dose.What is added by this report?Diabetic patients with higher postprandial blood glucose,worrying about the safety of the booster dose were less likely to get the vaccine.

Hesitancy to Receive the Booster Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine Among Cancer Patients in China:A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey—Four PLADs,China,2022

Summary What is already known about this topic?Cancer patients are more vulnerable and have higher mortality rates from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)than the general population;however,coverage for booster doses of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine was low among cancer patients in China.What is added by this report?Overall,32.0%and 56.4%of cancer patients from four Provincial Level Administrative Divisions(PLADs)expressed hesitancy toward the first and second booster doses,respectively.Factors negatively associated with hesitancy to receive booster doses included positive attitudes,perceived support,and higher exposure to COVID-19 vaccination information.Conversely,postvaccination fatigue was positively associated with vaccine hesitancy.What are the implications for public health practice?Improved COVID-19 vaccination coverage is needed to promote health for cancer patients.

Precisemodification of the surface charge of antigen enhances vaccine immunogenicity

Aluminum(alum)adjuvant is the most extensively used protein subunit vaccine adjuvant,and its effectiveness and safety have been widely recognized.The surface charge of the antigen determines its electrostatic adsorption to alum adjuvant,which directly affects the immune efficacy of the protein vaccine.In our study,we precisely modified its surface charge by inserting charged amino acids into the flexible region of the SARS-CoV-2 receptorbinding domain(RBD),achieving electrostatic adsorption and a site-specific anchor between the immunogen and alum adjuvant.

超高填充聚丙烯基木塑复合材料高低温性能

为了充分降低成本,增加环境友好性并获得良好的木质感,以杨木纤维和毛竹纤维为原料,通过挤出成型制备超高填充聚丙烯基木塑复合材料(UH-WPCs)。基于聚丙烯基体含量的大幅降低,对比分析了填充量和木质纤维种类对UH-WPCs高低温力学性能、高低温蠕变性能、热膨胀性能、尺寸稳定性及吸水性能的影响。结果表明,随着填充量从75wt%增加到90wt%,其线性热膨胀系数大幅降低,蠕变应变逐渐减小而在90wt%时增大;拉伸模量和弯曲模量随填充量的增加先升高而后在90wt%时下降;拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度随着填充量的增加逐渐降低;在低温-30℃时UH-WPCs的拉伸和弯曲性能较高,高温60℃时冲击韧性较好。温度、湿度及含水率变化均导致UH-WPCs尺寸变化,其中厚度方向尺寸变化率最大,其次为宽度方向,长度方向最小,表现出明显的各向异性;湿度对UH-WPCs的尺寸稳定性的影响远大于温度的作用。杨木基UH-WPCs综合性能优于毛竹基UH-WPCs,这与杨木纤维具有更大的长径比及良好的界面结合有关。UH-WPCs的研究为降低WPCs生产成本和拓宽其应用领域提供了理论依据。

CircRNA-SORE mediates sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by stabilizing YBX1

Sorafenib is the first-line chemotherapeutic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,sorafenib resistance significantly limits its therapeutic efficacy,and the mechanisms underlying resistance have not been fully clarified.Here we report that a circular RNA,circRNA-SORE(a circular RNA upregulated in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells),plays a significant role in sorafenib resistance in HCC.We found that circRNA-SORE is upregulated in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells and depletion of circRNA-SORE substantially increases the cell-killing ability of sorafenib.Further studies revealed that circRNA-SORE binds the master oncogenic protein YBX1 in the cytoplasm,which prevents YBX1 nuclear interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase PRP19 and thus blocks PRP19-mediated YBX1 degradation.Moreover,our in vitro and in vivo results suggest that circRNA-SORE is transported by exosomes to spread sorafenib resistance among HCC cells.Using different HCC mouse models,we demonstrated that silencing circRNA-SORE by injection of siRNA could substantially overcome sorafenib resistance.Our study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration for a potential strategy to overcome sorafenib resistance in HCC patients by targeting circRNA-SORE or YBX1.

CRISPR-Cas9-based genome-wide screening identified novel targets for treating sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma:a cross-talk between FGF21 and the NRF2 pathway

The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has been dominated by multikinase inhibitors for more than a decade.However,drug resistance can severely restrict the efficacy of these drugs.Using CRISPR/CAS9 genome library screening,we evaluated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(KEAP1)as a key regulator of sorafenib’s susceptibility in HCC.We also investigated whether KEAP1’s knockdown can stabilize nuclear factor(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2(NRF2)protein levels that led to sorafenib’s resistance,including an NRF2 inhibitor that can synergize with sorafenib to abolish HCC’s growth in vitro and in vivo.Furthermore,we clarified that fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21)is an important downstream regulator of NRF2 in HCC.Intriguingly,we observed that FGF21 bound to NRF2 through the C-terminus of FGF21,thereby stabilizing NRF2 by reducing its ubiquitination and generating a positive feedback loop in sorafenib-resistant HCC.These findings,therefore,propose that targeting FGF21 is a promising strategy to combat HCC sorafenib’s resistance.

Constraints on the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary in deep-water realm in South China: Evidence from zircon CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb ages from the topmost Liuchapo Formation

The placement of the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary in deep-water realm in South China and the high-precision temporal framework for the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition in this region have not yet been completely solved. Recently, we have found two K-bentonite beds in the top of the Liuchapo Formation at the Pingyin section, Guizhou Province. It provides an opportunity for constructing the temporal framework of the transitional strata on the Yangtze Platform in South China and for determining the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary in this area. In this study, we conducted high-precision CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb dating on zircons from the two K-bentonites. The ages of the two K-bentonites were precisely constrained at 536.40±0.47/1.1/1.2 Ma(2σ, n=7, MSWD=0.92) and 541.48±0.46/1.1/1.2 Ma(2σ, n=8, MSWD=1.3). Combining the geochronological results with organic carbon isotope data of chert in the topmost Liuchapo Formation from the section, we suggest that the EdiacaranCambrian boundary should be consistent with a significant negative organic carbon isotope excursion between the two Kbentonites. The scheme of the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary in this study is of great significance for global correlation, and further for unravelling the information of the terminal Ediacaran-early Cambrian ocean.

多功能V3S4纳米线/石墨烯复合材料在高性能锂硫电池中的应用

具有高理论比容量与能量密度的锂硫电池被认为是一种颇具前景的新一代能量储存系统,但其目前仍面临一定挑战.将多硫化物的吸附位点与电催化性能相结合,是提升电池性能的有效方法.在本工作中,我们将一种V3S4纳米线均匀分布在石墨烯基底上得到了多功能V3S4纳米线/石墨烯复合材料(V3S4-G).该材料的结构,有助于暴露V3S4活性中心,从而锚定多硫化锂并提升其反应动力学.基于该多功能V3S4-G硫正极的锂硫电池表现出稳定的循环性能与良好的倍率性能.即使在硫的负载量达到3 mg cm^−2时,在0.5 C的电流密度下,该V3S4-G硫正极仍然保持低的容量衰减速率(每圈0.186%).