Uncertain bilevel knapsack problem and its solution

This paper aims at providing an uncertain bilevel knapsack problem (UBKP) model, which is a type of BKPs involving uncertain variables. And then an uncertain solution for the UBKP is proposed by defining PE Nash equilibrium and PE Stackelberg Nash equilibrium. In order to improve the computational efficiency of the uncertain solution, several operators (binary coding distance, inversion operator, explosion operator and binary back learning operator) are applied to the basic fireworks algorithm to design the binary backward fireworks algorithm (BBFWA), which has a good performance in solving the BKP. As an illustration, a case study of the UBKP model and the P-E uncertain solution is applied to an armaments transportation problem.

Origin of hydrogen in aromatic and olefin products derived from(Al-)MCM-41 catalysed co-pyrolysis of glucose and polypropylene via isotopic

Catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic is an effective method to improve bio-oil produced by biomass pyrolysis.To further exploit the synergistic mechanism between biomass and plastic,co-pyrolysis of polypropylene(PP)and deuterated glucose(G)(1:1 wt%)over mesoporous catalysts MCM-41(M)and Al-MCM-41(Al)was studied using a thermal gravimetric analyser(TGA)and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The findings show that M and Al overlap the decomposition of PP and G,making synergy possible.With catalysts M and Al,the yield of olefins increases sharply to 36.75% and 13.66% more than the calculated value.Additionally,hydrogen transfers from G to 4C-13C olefins and aromatic products are influenced by the catalysts.Without a catalyst,there is no deuterium in all the co-pyrolytic products.However,catalysts M and Al can help transfer one to four deuterium atoms from G to the products.M and Al provide the pool for the intermediates of PP and G to form synergetic products.Additionally,Al helps break the carbon chain and transfer more deuterium into the products by reducing carbon atoms.