Global food security is threatened by rice blast disease caused by the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.An understanding of rice resistance mechanisms is fundamental to developing strategies for disease control.I...Global food security is threatened by rice blast disease caused by the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.An understanding of rice resistance mechanisms is fundamental to developing strategies for disease control.In this review,we summarize recent advances in pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity,effector-triggered immunity,defense regulator-mediated immunity,and effects of nutrient elements on rice blast resistance.We outline strategies used for breeding rice cultivars with improved disease resistance.We also present the major research challenges for rice blast disease resistance and propose approaches for future investigation.展开更多
The relationship between charge-density-wave(CDW) and superconductivity(SC), two vital physical phases in condensed matter physics, has always been the focus of scientists’ research over the past decades. Motivated b...The relationship between charge-density-wave(CDW) and superconductivity(SC), two vital physical phases in condensed matter physics, has always been the focus of scientists’ research over the past decades. Motivated by this research hotspot, we systematically studied the physical properties of the layered telluride chalcogenide superconductors CuIr_(2-x)Al_(x)Te_(4)(0 ≤x≤ 0.2). Through the resistance and magnetization measurements, we found that the CDW order was destroyed by a small amount of Al doping. Meanwhile, the superconducting transition temperature(T_(c)) kept changing with the change of doping amount and rose towards the maximum value of 2.75 K when x = 0.075. The value of normalized specific heat jump(△C/γT_(c)) for the highest T_(c) sample CuIr_(2-x)Al_(x)Te_(4)was 1.53, which was larger than the BCS value of 1.43 and showed the bulk superconducting nature. In order to clearly show the relationship between SC and CDW states,we propose a phase diagram of T_(c) vs. doping content.展开更多
Map-based cloning of plant disease resistance (R) genes is time-consuming. Here, we reported the isolation of blast R gene Pid4 using comparative transcriptomic profiling and genome-wide sequence analysis. Pid4 encode...Map-based cloning of plant disease resistance (R) genes is time-consuming. Here, we reported the isolation of blast R gene Pid4 using comparative transcriptomic profiling and genome-wide sequence analysis. Pid4 encodes a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat(CC-NBS-LRR) protein and is constitutively expressed at diverse developmental stages in the rice variety Digu. The Pid4 protein is localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Introduction of Pid4 into susceptible rice cultivars confers race-specific resistance to leaf and neck blast. Amino acid sequence comparison and blast resistance spectrum tests showed that Pid4 is a novel R gene, different from the previously reported R genes located in the same gene cluster. A Pid4 Indel marker was developed to facilitate the identification of Pid4 in different rice varieties. We demonstrated that a plant R gene can be quickly isolated using transcriptomic profiling coupled with genome-wide sequence analysis.展开更多
Significant achievements have been made in breeding programs for the heavy-panicle-type(HPT)rice(Oryza sativa) in Southwest China. The HPT varieties now exhibit excellent lodging resistance,allowing them to overcome t...Significant achievements have been made in breeding programs for the heavy-panicle-type(HPT)rice(Oryza sativa) in Southwest China. The HPT varieties now exhibit excellent lodging resistance,allowing them to overcome the greater pressures caused by heavy panicles. However, the genetic mechanism of this lodging resistance remains elusive. Here, we isolated a major quantitative trait locus, Panicle Neck Diameter 1(PND1), andidentified the causal gene as GRAIN NUMBER 1 A/CYTOKININ OXIDASE 2(Gn1 A/Os CKX2). The null gn1 a allele from rice line R498(gn1 aR498) improved lodging resistance through increasing the culm diameter and promoting crown root development.Loss-of-function of Gn1 a/Os CKX2 led to cytokinin accumulation in the crown root tip and accelerated the development of adventitious roots. Gene pyramiding between the null gn1 aR498 allele with two gain-of-function alleles, STRONG CULM 2(SCM2)and SCM3, further improved lodging resistance.Moreover, Gn1 a/Os CKX2 had minimal influence on overall rice quality. Our research thus highlights the distinct genetic components of lodging resistance of HPT varieties and provides a strategy for tailormade crop improvement of both yield and lodging resistance in rice.展开更多
Green-revertible albino mutants are important sources for studying chloroplast structure, chloroplast development, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and plant photosynthesis. In the present study, we characterized a greenreve...Green-revertible albino mutants are important sources for studying chloroplast structure, chloroplast development, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and plant photosynthesis. In the present study, we characterized a greenrevertible albino mutant gra(k), which was obtained from the tissue-cultured rice Kitaake. The mutant gra(k) exhibited albino on its first three leaves. The leaf color started to turn green at the four-leaf stage. The chlorophyll contents were deeply reduced at the seedling stage, and the chloroplast development was delayed in gra(k). The greenrevertible albino(gra) phenotype of the mutant gra(k) was temperature dependent. The main agronomic traits,including plant height, tilling number per plant, seed setting rate, and thousand-grain weight, slightly decreased in gra(k) comparing to those in the wild-type Kitaake.Genetic analysis showed that the gra phenotype was controlled by a single recessive nucleic gene. By using 5,168 recessive F2individuals derived from the cross of gra(k) 9 Jodan, the locus of the gene Gra(k) was delimited in a DNA region of 200 kb between the makers B-31 and P11 on chromosome 5. Sequencing analysis indicated thatthe three functionally annotated genes, LOC_Os05g23700,LOC_Os05g23720, and LOC_Os05g23740, were all deleted in the 200 kb region in the mutant gra(k). Transgenic test revealed that the gra(k) plants over-expressing LOC_Os05g23740CDS were restored to normal green as the wild-type Kitaake. Our results proved that the deletion of the Dna K protein gene LOC_Os05g23740(encoding the chaperon protein Os Hsp70CP1) led to the gra phenotype in the mutant gra(k).展开更多
Mutants showing spontaneous cell death in the absence of pathogen attack are called lesion mimic mutants （lmm） （Lorrain et al., 2003）. These mutants usually exhibit typical hypersensitive responses （HRs） within ...Mutants showing spontaneous cell death in the absence of pathogen attack are called lesion mimic mutants （lmm） （Lorrain et al., 2003）. These mutants usually exhibit typical hypersensitive responses （HRs） within or around the lesion spots, which are frequently observed in plants challenged with avirulent pathogens （Lorrain et al., 2003）. A number of these mutants have been characterized in rice （Zeng et al., 2004）, Arabidopsis （Guo et al., 2013）, maize （Wang et al., 2013） and barley （Persson et al., 2008）. Most lmm show enhanced resistance to various pathogens （Huang et al., 2011）, because HR is usually accompanied with enhanced defense responses, such as reactive oxygen species （ROS） activation （Qiao et al., 2010） and increased expression of pathogenesis-related genes （Lorrain et al., 2003）. Additionally, most lmm exhibit defects in growth and development due to the disordered physiolog- ical and molecular processes caused by the lesion spots. Thus, lmm are powerful tools for the study of the molecular mech- anisms of cell death, plant development and disease resistance （Lorrain et al., 2003; Babu et al., 2011）.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(32072041)to J.Yinthe NSFC(31825022)to X.Chen+2 种基金the NSFC(31871920)to M.Hethe NSFC(32072407)to X.Zhuthe NSFC(31972258)to L.Zou。
文摘Global food security is threatened by rice blast disease caused by the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.An understanding of rice resistance mechanisms is fundamental to developing strategies for disease control.In this review,we summarize recent advances in pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity,effector-triggered immunity,defense regulator-mediated immunity,and effects of nutrient elements on rice blast resistance.We outline strategies used for breeding rice cultivars with improved disease resistance.We also present the major research challenges for rice blast disease resistance and propose approaches for future investigation.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11922415)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation, China (Grants No. 2019A1515011718)+8 种基金the Pearl River Scholarship Program of Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges (Grants No. 20191001)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 11974432)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFA0306001 and 2017YFA0206203)the financial support by the National Key Laboratory Development Fund (No. 20190030)partial support by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0303000)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11827805)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project, China (Grant No. 2019SHZDZX01)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11904414 and 12174454)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFA0705702)。
文摘The relationship between charge-density-wave(CDW) and superconductivity(SC), two vital physical phases in condensed matter physics, has always been the focus of scientists’ research over the past decades. Motivated by this research hotspot, we systematically studied the physical properties of the layered telluride chalcogenide superconductors CuIr_(2-x)Al_(x)Te_(4)(0 ≤x≤ 0.2). Through the resistance and magnetization measurements, we found that the CDW order was destroyed by a small amount of Al doping. Meanwhile, the superconducting transition temperature(T_(c)) kept changing with the change of doping amount and rose towards the maximum value of 2.75 K when x = 0.075. The value of normalized specific heat jump(△C/γT_(c)) for the highest T_(c) sample CuIr_(2-x)Al_(x)Te_(4)was 1.53, which was larger than the BCS value of 1.43 and showed the bulk superconducting nature. In order to clearly show the relationship between SC and CDW states,we propose a phase diagram of T_(c) vs. doping content.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100600)the Transgenic Projects from the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (2014ZX0800903B)+12 种基金supported by the Transgenic Projects from the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (2016ZX08001002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571994 and 31772153)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772152)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701779)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601290)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University from the Ministry of Education in Chinathe “Hundred Talents Plan” Foundationthe Youth Foundation (13QNJJ0076)supported by NSF PGRP IOS 1237975NIH GM59962USDA NIFA 2017-6701326590the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice (Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center) (2017KF01)the project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M612984)
文摘Map-based cloning of plant disease resistance (R) genes is time-consuming. Here, we reported the isolation of blast R gene Pid4 using comparative transcriptomic profiling and genome-wide sequence analysis. Pid4 encodes a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat(CC-NBS-LRR) protein and is constitutively expressed at diverse developmental stages in the rice variety Digu. The Pid4 protein is localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Introduction of Pid4 into susceptible rice cultivars confers race-specific resistance to leaf and neck blast. Amino acid sequence comparison and blast resistance spectrum tests showed that Pid4 is a novel R gene, different from the previously reported R genes located in the same gene cluster. A Pid4 Indel marker was developed to facilitate the identification of Pid4 in different rice varieties. We demonstrated that a plant R gene can be quickly isolated using transcriptomic profiling coupled with genome-wide sequence analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92535301)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021YJ0501)。
文摘Significant achievements have been made in breeding programs for the heavy-panicle-type(HPT)rice(Oryza sativa) in Southwest China. The HPT varieties now exhibit excellent lodging resistance,allowing them to overcome the greater pressures caused by heavy panicles. However, the genetic mechanism of this lodging resistance remains elusive. Here, we isolated a major quantitative trait locus, Panicle Neck Diameter 1(PND1), andidentified the causal gene as GRAIN NUMBER 1 A/CYTOKININ OXIDASE 2(Gn1 A/Os CKX2). The null gn1 a allele from rice line R498(gn1 aR498) improved lodging resistance through increasing the culm diameter and promoting crown root development.Loss-of-function of Gn1 a/Os CKX2 led to cytokinin accumulation in the crown root tip and accelerated the development of adventitious roots. Gene pyramiding between the null gn1 aR498 allele with two gain-of-function alleles, STRONG CULM 2(SCM2)and SCM3, further improved lodging resistance.Moreover, Gn1 a/Os CKX2 had minimal influence on overall rice quality. Our research thus highlights the distinct genetic components of lodging resistance of HPT varieties and provides a strategy for tailormade crop improvement of both yield and lodging resistance in rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3117162231371705+5 种基金314013531501627)the‘‘Hundred Talents Plan’’Foundation of Sichuanand the Specialized Research Funds for Doctoral Program of Higher Education(2012510312001120135103120004)the Key Project of Sichuan Education Department(15ZA0020)
文摘Green-revertible albino mutants are important sources for studying chloroplast structure, chloroplast development, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and plant photosynthesis. In the present study, we characterized a greenrevertible albino mutant gra(k), which was obtained from the tissue-cultured rice Kitaake. The mutant gra(k) exhibited albino on its first three leaves. The leaf color started to turn green at the four-leaf stage. The chlorophyll contents were deeply reduced at the seedling stage, and the chloroplast development was delayed in gra(k). The greenrevertible albino(gra) phenotype of the mutant gra(k) was temperature dependent. The main agronomic traits,including plant height, tilling number per plant, seed setting rate, and thousand-grain weight, slightly decreased in gra(k) comparing to those in the wild-type Kitaake.Genetic analysis showed that the gra phenotype was controlled by a single recessive nucleic gene. By using 5,168 recessive F2individuals derived from the cross of gra(k) 9 Jodan, the locus of the gene Gra(k) was delimited in a DNA region of 200 kb between the makers B-31 and P11 on chromosome 5. Sequencing analysis indicated thatthe three functionally annotated genes, LOC_Os05g23700,LOC_Os05g23720, and LOC_Os05g23740, were all deleted in the 200 kb region in the mutant gra(k). Transgenic test revealed that the gra(k) plants over-expressing LOC_Os05g23740CDS were restored to normal green as the wild-type Kitaake. Our results proved that the deletion of the Dna K protein gene LOC_Os05g23740(encoding the chaperon protein Os Hsp70CP1) led to the gra phenotype in the mutant gra(k).
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 31401351 to J. Wang, and No. 31171622 and No. 31371705 to X. W. Chensupported by the "Hundred Talents Plan" Foundation of Sichuan to X. Chenthe Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20135103120004) to J. Wang
文摘Mutants showing spontaneous cell death in the absence of pathogen attack are called lesion mimic mutants （lmm） （Lorrain et al., 2003）. These mutants usually exhibit typical hypersensitive responses （HRs） within or around the lesion spots, which are frequently observed in plants challenged with avirulent pathogens （Lorrain et al., 2003）. A number of these mutants have been characterized in rice （Zeng et al., 2004）, Arabidopsis （Guo et al., 2013）, maize （Wang et al., 2013） and barley （Persson et al., 2008）. Most lmm show enhanced resistance to various pathogens （Huang et al., 2011）, because HR is usually accompanied with enhanced defense responses, such as reactive oxygen species （ROS） activation （Qiao et al., 2010） and increased expression of pathogenesis-related genes （Lorrain et al., 2003）. Additionally, most lmm exhibit defects in growth and development due to the disordered physiolog- ical and molecular processes caused by the lesion spots. Thus, lmm are powerful tools for the study of the molecular mech- anisms of cell death, plant development and disease resistance （Lorrain et al., 2003; Babu et al., 2011）.
