Effects of soybean oil exposure on the survival,reproduction,biochemical responses,and gut microbiome of the earthworm Eisenia fetida

With increasing production of kitchen waste,cooking oil gradually enters the soil,where it can negatively affect soil fauna.In this study,we explored the effects of soybean oil on the survival,growth,reproduction,tissue structure,biochemical responses,mRNA expression,and gut microbiome of earthworms(Eisenia fetida).The median lethal concentration of soybean oil was found to be 15.59%.Earthworm growth and reproduction were significantly inhibited following exposure to a sublethal concentration of soybean oil(1/3 LC50,5.2%).The activity of the antioxidant enzymes total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)were affected under soybean oil exposure.The glutathione(GSH)content decreased significantly,whereas that of the lipid peroxide malondialdehyde(MDA)increased significantly after soybean oil exposure.mRNA expression levels of the SOD,metallothionein(MT),lysenin and lysozyme were significantly upregulated.The abundance of Bacteroides species,which are related to mineral oil repair,and Muribaculaceae species,which are related to immune regulation,increased within the earthworm intestine.These results indicate that soybean oil waste is toxic to earthworms.Thus,earthworms deployed defense mechanisms involving antioxidant system and gut microbiota for protection against soybean oil exposure-induced stress.

蚯蚓基因组学的研究进展:基于全基因组及线粒体基因组

蚯蚓被喻为土壤中的“生态系统工程师”,具有高度的多样性且在全世界都有分布,被用作土壤健康的指示生物。蚯蚓具有极强的环境适应能力,在不断适应的过程中促进了自身基因组的进化。本文对近年来蚯蚓全基因组以及线粒体基因组的研究进展进行了综述。蚯蚓全基因组的测序、拼装和分析为研究蚯蚓生态学、污染物对蚯蚓致毒的分子机制、免疫防御的分子机制、蚯蚓再生的分子机制等奠定基础。而线粒体基因组多应用于蚯蚓分子系统发育方面的研究,目前已有多种蚯蚓通过线粒体基因组测序完成了物种的鉴定。本文建议今后重点开展以下几方面的研究:(1)针对现有的4种蚯蚓全基因组测序结果,进一步进行比较基因组学、进化基因组学和功能基因组学的研究。(2)完善不同种蚯蚓的基因文库和表达序列标签。(3)建立线粒体基因组、全基因组与蚯蚓物种多样性的关联分析。