Porous g-C_3N_4samples were obtained by simply calcining bulk g-C_3N_4in static air in a muffle oven.The photocatalytic performance of these samples was evaluated through the removal of aqueous organic dyes(methylene ...Porous g-C_3N_4samples were obtained by simply calcining bulk g-C_3N_4in static air in a muffle oven.The photocatalytic performance of these samples was evaluated through the removal of aqueous organic dyes(methylene blue and methyl orange)and tetracycline hydrochloride under visible-light irradiation(λ>420 nm).Compared to bulk g-C_3N_4,porous g-C_3N_4exhibited much better capability for removing these contaminants,especially under visible-light irradiation,due to the enlarged specific surface area and more efficient separation of photogenerated charge carries.In particular,porous g-C_3N_4obtained by calcining bulk g-C_3N_4in air at 525°C showed the highest visible-light-driven catalytic activity among these samples.Superoxide radical anions(·O_2^-)were found to be the primary active species responsible for photodegradation.展开更多
The tumor immune microenvironment(TME)is composed of a variety of components,such as tumor cells,immune cells,and the extracellular matrix.The TME has been studied through transcriptomic,proteomic,metabolomic,and phos...The tumor immune microenvironment(TME)is composed of a variety of components,such as tumor cells,immune cells,and the extracellular matrix.The TME has been studied through transcriptomic,proteomic,metabolomic,and phosphoproteomic approaches,which have provided researchers with a wealth of TME-related molecular information.展开更多
Cancer is a predominant culprit behind worldwide death and accounts for up to 10 million deaths every year.Chemotherapy is the primary therapeutic method employed for cancer in clinical settings and is essential in co...Cancer is a predominant culprit behind worldwide death and accounts for up to 10 million deaths every year.Chemotherapy is the primary therapeutic method employed for cancer in clinical settings and is essential in controlling tumor progression.Despite the advances in this field,tumor invasion and metastasis during treatment remain a significant cause of treatment failure.Nevertheless,the underlying mechanisms involving such a disappointing phenomenon are still not fully elucidated.Vinorelbine(VNB)extends the lifespan of many cancer patients in the clinic as an emerging chemotherapy drug approved by Food and Drug Administration(FDA).However,VNB-induced tumor metastasis is still an intractable problem,which may be closely related to the abnormal oxidative stress generated during VNB-mediated treatment.Hence,the study aims to construct a reductive nanosystem loaded with VNB,called VNB-VNP,to improve cancer cure rates and reduce tumor metastasis.With the reductive component vitamin E,VNB-VNP can effectively reduce oxidative stress and significantly outperform free VNB in preventing tumor progression.The transcriptome analysis shows that VNB-VNP can alleviate the over-expression of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2(ENPP2),which may be the main reason why VNB-VNP can inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis.Overall,the research designs a new platform for VNB treatment,which demonstrates promising efficacy in inhibiting neoplastic progression and identifies a new mechanism associated with VNB-induced tumor metastasis,which may offer several valuable references for enhancing chemotherapy efficacy in clinical anti-tumor therapy.展开更多
Hypoxia is a typical characteristic of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), which causes tremendous obstacles to tumor treatments. Current first-line treatment may further deteriorate tumor hypoxia. For example,Lenvatinib, ...Hypoxia is a typical characteristic of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), which causes tremendous obstacles to tumor treatments. Current first-line treatment may further deteriorate tumor hypoxia. For example,Lenvatinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor(RTKI), suppresses tumor growth via blocking vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) signaling, and can also inhibit angiogenesis, thus limiting oxygen supply to tumor sites. Therefore, alleviating tumor microenvironment(TME) hypoxia holds great potential for enhancing the therapeutic effect of RTKI. Here, nanoparticle-stabilized oxygen microcapsules, a stable and biocompatible oxygen-loaded delivery system, are successfully prepared through interfacial polymerization of polydopamine nanoparticles. The microcapsules with a large loading capacity of oxygen in the core show excellent bioavailability and dispersity, which could effectively improve the hypoxic TME when they serve as oxygen delivery vehicles. Synergetic treatments of Lenvatinib and oxygen microcapsules could induce the transition of “cold tumor” in an immune-suppressed state to “hot tumor” in an immune-activated state by improving tumor hypoxic TME and reducing angiogenesis in HCC. It is revealed that combined treatments of oxygen microcapsules and Lenvatinib could polarize tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) to anti-tumor M1 cells and activate T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses.The results suggest that synergetic therapy using oxygen microcapsules and Lenvatinib could alleviate the hypoxic TME and enhance the therapeutic performance of RTKI, demonstrating a promising anti-tumor strategy for enhanced therapy of HCC.展开更多
Rationale:Hypoxia in tumor microenvironment(TME)represents an obstacle to the efficacy of immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)through several aspects such as increasing the expression of immune che...Rationale:Hypoxia in tumor microenvironment(TME)represents an obstacle to the efficacy of immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)through several aspects such as increasing the expression of immune checkpoints or promoting fibrosis.Reversing hypoxic TME is a potential strategy to improve the validity of immune checkpoint blockade(ICB).Methods:Here,we synthesized polydopamine-nanoparticle-stabilized oxygen microcapsules with excellent stabilization,bioavailability,and biocompatibility for direct oxygen delivery into tumor sites by interfacial polymerization.Results:We observed oxygen microcapsules enhanced the oxygen concentration in the hypoxia environment and maintained the oxygen concentration for a long period both in vitro and in vivo.We found that oxygen microcapsules could significantly improve the efficiency of ICB against PDAC in vivo.Mechanismly,combined treatments using oxygen microcapsules and ICB could reduce the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)and polarized pro-tumor M2 macrophages into anti-tumor M1 macrophages.In addition,combined treatments could elevate the proportion of T helper subtype 1 cells(Th1 cells)and cytotoxic T lymphocytes cells(CTLs)to mediate anti-tumor immune response in TME.Conclusion:In summary,this pre-clinical study indicated that reversing hypoxia in TME by using oxygen microcapsules was an effective strategy to improve the performances of ICB on PDAC,which holds great potential for treating PDAC in the future.展开更多
Heterogeneous metals and alloys are a new class of materials with superior mechanical properties.In this paper,we engineered sandwich-structured pure aluminum laminates composed of middle coarse-grained layer and oute...Heterogeneous metals and alloys are a new class of materials with superior mechanical properties.In this paper,we engineered sandwich-structured pure aluminum laminates composed of middle coarse-grained layer and outer fine-grained layer via extrusion,rolling and annealing.By controlling the post-annealing regimes,a larger degree of microstructure heterogeneities such as boundary spacing,misorientation and texture across the hetero-interface were obtained,which resulted in obvious mechanical differences.Tensile tests indicated that the 300℃/30 min annealed laminates enabled a relatively high tensile ductility while simultaneously retaining a high strength,which was better than prediction by the rule-of-mixture.To explain the reasons behind it,the evolution of geometrically necessary dislocations and strain gradient at the hetero-interface zone were detected using in-situ tension and microscopic digital image correlation technique.It was found that with the increasing applied strain,a significant strain gradient was developed near the interface,which was accommodated by geometrically necessary dislocations,thereby contributing to higher hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strengthening and hardening.展开更多
Example-based super-resolution algorithms,which predict unknown high-resolution image information using a relationship model learnt from known high- and low-resolution image pairs, have attracted considerable interest...Example-based super-resolution algorithms,which predict unknown high-resolution image information using a relationship model learnt from known high- and low-resolution image pairs, have attracted considerable interest in the field of image processing. In this paper, we propose a multi-example feature-constrained back-projection method for image super-resolution. Firstly, we take advantage of a feature-constrained polynomial interpolation method to enlarge the low-resolution image. Next, we consider low-frequency images of different resolutions to provide an example pair. Then, we use adaptive k NN search to find similar patches in the low-resolution image for every image patch in the high-resolution low-frequency image, leading to a regression model between similar patches to be learnt. The learnt model is applied to the low-resolution high-frequency image to produce high-resolution high-frequency information. An iterative back-projection algorithm is used as the final step to determine the final high-resolution image.Experimental results demonstrate that our method improves the visual quality of the high-resolution image.展开更多
The AZ31 and AM60 alloys were used for dissimilar friction stir welding(FSW)in this study.The microstructure characteristics of the joint and its three-point bending performance were investigated.The electron backscat...The AZ31 and AM60 alloys were used for dissimilar friction stir welding(FSW)in this study.The microstructure characteristics of the joint and its three-point bending performance were investigated.The electron backscattered diffraction results showed that the grains in the nugget zone(NZ)were more uniform and refined to a certain extent after FSW,but the grain size of AM60 in the NZ was larger than that of AZ31.The texture was strong locally in the NZ and presented a symmetric distribution characteristic from the advancing side to the retreating side.There were special texture features in the joint,resulting in the occurrence of severe strain localization during the bending process compared with the base materials,which can be well explained by the calculated Schmid factor in terms of the assumed stress state for bending.The bending tests revealed that the joint presented good bending properties compared with AZ31 BM.The bending fracture morphologies suggested that the fracture tended to the NZ interface on the AZ31 side,which was mainly due to the higher SF for basal slip and dislocation concentration degree in the region,and the relatively lower bending strength of AZ31 metal.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21477022)
文摘Porous g-C_3N_4samples were obtained by simply calcining bulk g-C_3N_4in static air in a muffle oven.The photocatalytic performance of these samples was evaluated through the removal of aqueous organic dyes(methylene blue and methyl orange)and tetracycline hydrochloride under visible-light irradiation(λ>420 nm).Compared to bulk g-C_3N_4,porous g-C_3N_4exhibited much better capability for removing these contaminants,especially under visible-light irradiation,due to the enlarged specific surface area and more efficient separation of photogenerated charge carries.In particular,porous g-C_3N_4obtained by calcining bulk g-C_3N_4in air at 525°C showed the highest visible-light-driven catalytic activity among these samples.Superoxide radical anions(·O_2^-)were found to be the primary active species responsible for photodegradation.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0803000 to J.S.)the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2019YFC1316000 to T.L.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81871925 to X.B.).
文摘The tumor immune microenvironment(TME)is composed of a variety of components,such as tumor cells,immune cells,and the extracellular matrix.The TME has been studied through transcriptomic,proteomic,metabolomic,and phosphoproteomic approaches,which have provided researchers with a wealth of TME-related molecular information.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81973246)Public Welfare Project of Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(No.GF22H308848).
文摘Cancer is a predominant culprit behind worldwide death and accounts for up to 10 million deaths every year.Chemotherapy is the primary therapeutic method employed for cancer in clinical settings and is essential in controlling tumor progression.Despite the advances in this field,tumor invasion and metastasis during treatment remain a significant cause of treatment failure.Nevertheless,the underlying mechanisms involving such a disappointing phenomenon are still not fully elucidated.Vinorelbine(VNB)extends the lifespan of many cancer patients in the clinic as an emerging chemotherapy drug approved by Food and Drug Administration(FDA).However,VNB-induced tumor metastasis is still an intractable problem,which may be closely related to the abnormal oxidative stress generated during VNB-mediated treatment.Hence,the study aims to construct a reductive nanosystem loaded with VNB,called VNB-VNP,to improve cancer cure rates and reduce tumor metastasis.With the reductive component vitamin E,VNB-VNP can effectively reduce oxidative stress and significantly outperform free VNB in preventing tumor progression.The transcriptome analysis shows that VNB-VNP can alleviate the over-expression of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2(ENPP2),which may be the main reason why VNB-VNP can inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis.Overall,the research designs a new platform for VNB treatment,which demonstrates promising efficacy in inhibiting neoplastic progression and identifies a new mechanism associated with VNB-induced tumor metastasis,which may offer several valuable references for enhancing chemotherapy efficacy in clinical anti-tumor therapy.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2019YFA0803000,2019YFC1316000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U20A20378, 21878258)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. Y20B060027)Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department (No.Y202045652)。
文摘Hypoxia is a typical characteristic of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), which causes tremendous obstacles to tumor treatments. Current first-line treatment may further deteriorate tumor hypoxia. For example,Lenvatinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor(RTKI), suppresses tumor growth via blocking vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) signaling, and can also inhibit angiogenesis, thus limiting oxygen supply to tumor sites. Therefore, alleviating tumor microenvironment(TME) hypoxia holds great potential for enhancing the therapeutic effect of RTKI. Here, nanoparticle-stabilized oxygen microcapsules, a stable and biocompatible oxygen-loaded delivery system, are successfully prepared through interfacial polymerization of polydopamine nanoparticles. The microcapsules with a large loading capacity of oxygen in the core show excellent bioavailability and dispersity, which could effectively improve the hypoxic TME when they serve as oxygen delivery vehicles. Synergetic treatments of Lenvatinib and oxygen microcapsules could induce the transition of “cold tumor” in an immune-suppressed state to “hot tumor” in an immune-activated state by improving tumor hypoxic TME and reducing angiogenesis in HCC. It is revealed that combined treatments of oxygen microcapsules and Lenvatinib could polarize tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) to anti-tumor M1 cells and activate T cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses.The results suggest that synergetic therapy using oxygen microcapsules and Lenvatinib could alleviate the hypoxic TME and enhance the therapeutic performance of RTKI, demonstrating a promising anti-tumor strategy for enhanced therapy of HCC.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant 2019YFA0803000 to J.S.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 82173078 to J.S.)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant 2019YFC1316000 to T.L.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant 2020YFA0804300 to Q.Z.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant U20A20378 to T.L.)Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Grant Y202045652 to X.W).
文摘Rationale:Hypoxia in tumor microenvironment(TME)represents an obstacle to the efficacy of immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)through several aspects such as increasing the expression of immune checkpoints or promoting fibrosis.Reversing hypoxic TME is a potential strategy to improve the validity of immune checkpoint blockade(ICB).Methods:Here,we synthesized polydopamine-nanoparticle-stabilized oxygen microcapsules with excellent stabilization,bioavailability,and biocompatibility for direct oxygen delivery into tumor sites by interfacial polymerization.Results:We observed oxygen microcapsules enhanced the oxygen concentration in the hypoxia environment and maintained the oxygen concentration for a long period both in vitro and in vivo.We found that oxygen microcapsules could significantly improve the efficiency of ICB against PDAC in vivo.Mechanismly,combined treatments using oxygen microcapsules and ICB could reduce the infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)and polarized pro-tumor M2 macrophages into anti-tumor M1 macrophages.In addition,combined treatments could elevate the proportion of T helper subtype 1 cells(Th1 cells)and cytotoxic T lymphocytes cells(CTLs)to mediate anti-tumor immune response in TME.Conclusion:In summary,this pre-clinical study indicated that reversing hypoxia in TME by using oxygen microcapsules was an effective strategy to improve the performances of ICB on PDAC,which holds great potential for treating PDAC in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52071035 and U1764253)。
文摘Heterogeneous metals and alloys are a new class of materials with superior mechanical properties.In this paper,we engineered sandwich-structured pure aluminum laminates composed of middle coarse-grained layer and outer fine-grained layer via extrusion,rolling and annealing.By controlling the post-annealing regimes,a larger degree of microstructure heterogeneities such as boundary spacing,misorientation and texture across the hetero-interface were obtained,which resulted in obvious mechanical differences.Tensile tests indicated that the 300℃/30 min annealed laminates enabled a relatively high tensile ductility while simultaneously retaining a high strength,which was better than prediction by the rule-of-mixture.To explain the reasons behind it,the evolution of geometrically necessary dislocations and strain gradient at the hetero-interface zone were detected using in-situ tension and microscopic digital image correlation technique.It was found that with the increasing applied strain,a significant strain gradient was developed near the interface,which was accommodated by geometrically necessary dislocations,thereby contributing to higher hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strengthening and hardening.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61572292,61332015,61373078,and 61272430)the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20110131130004)
文摘Example-based super-resolution algorithms,which predict unknown high-resolution image information using a relationship model learnt from known high- and low-resolution image pairs, have attracted considerable interest in the field of image processing. In this paper, we propose a multi-example feature-constrained back-projection method for image super-resolution. Firstly, we take advantage of a feature-constrained polynomial interpolation method to enlarge the low-resolution image. Next, we consider low-frequency images of different resolutions to provide an example pair. Then, we use adaptive k NN search to find similar patches in the low-resolution image for every image patch in the high-resolution low-frequency image, leading to a regression model between similar patches to be learnt. The learnt model is applied to the low-resolution high-frequency image to produce high-resolution high-frequency information. An iterative back-projection algorithm is used as the final step to determine the final high-resolution image.Experimental results demonstrate that our method improves the visual quality of the high-resolution image.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52071035,U1764253)。
文摘The AZ31 and AM60 alloys were used for dissimilar friction stir welding(FSW)in this study.The microstructure characteristics of the joint and its three-point bending performance were investigated.The electron backscattered diffraction results showed that the grains in the nugget zone(NZ)were more uniform and refined to a certain extent after FSW,but the grain size of AM60 in the NZ was larger than that of AZ31.The texture was strong locally in the NZ and presented a symmetric distribution characteristic from the advancing side to the retreating side.There were special texture features in the joint,resulting in the occurrence of severe strain localization during the bending process compared with the base materials,which can be well explained by the calculated Schmid factor in terms of the assumed stress state for bending.The bending tests revealed that the joint presented good bending properties compared with AZ31 BM.The bending fracture morphologies suggested that the fracture tended to the NZ interface on the AZ31 side,which was mainly due to the higher SF for basal slip and dislocation concentration degree in the region,and the relatively lower bending strength of AZ31 metal.
