Biochemical Composition and Nutritional Value of the Muscle Tissue of Yellowback Seabream, Evynnis Tumifrons, from the East China Sea

Biochemical composition and nutritional value of muscle tissue of wild-caught yellowback seabream （Evynnis tumifrons） from the East China Sea were determined. The yellowback seabream muscle contained 18.30% crude protein and 0.47% crude lipid. The contents of biochemical, moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were analyzed using AOAC standard methods. The compositions and contents of amino-acid and fatty-acid were determined by Amino Acid 20 Analyzer and Agilent 6890 Gas Chromatograph. The total essential amino acids （EAA; those required by humans） accounts for 46.96% of the total amino acids in E. tumifrons, higher than FAO/WHO standard but lower than whole-egg protein standard. In E. tumifrons, the first limiting amino acids were threonine （Thr）, based on amino acid score （AAS）, and methionine （Met） and cysteine （Cys）, based on chemical score （CS）. A total of 19 fatty acids were identified; together, eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） contributed 22.65% of the total fatty-acid content, with 17.25% from DHA. The nutritional-requirement characteristics of this fish, which tumifrons mariculture. composition data provided useful information on the food quality and may facilitate the development of appropriate feed formulation in E.

Yangtze Three Gorges Reservoir, China: A holistic assessment of organic pollution, mutagenic effects of sediments and genotoxic impacts on fish

Besides obvious benefits,the Three Gorges Dam＇s construction resulted in new pollution scenarios with the potentials to threaten the Three Gorges Reservoir（TGR） ecosystem.In order to record organic contamination,to find links to ecotoxicological impacts and to serve as reference for ensuing monitoring,several sites in the TGR area were screened applying the triad approach with additional lines-of-evidence as a holistic assessment method.Sediments and the benthic fish species Pelteobagrus vachellii were sampled in 2011 and 2012 to determine organic pollution levels,mutagenic potentials and genotoxic impacts.Two regional hot-spots near the cities of Chongqing and Kaixian were identified and further investigated in 2013.Only polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） could be detected in sediments in 2011（165-1653 ng/g）,emphasizing their roles as key pollutants of the area.Their ubiquity was confirmed at Chongqing（150-433 ng/g） and Kaixian（127-590 ng/g） in2013.Concentrations were comparable to other major Chinese and German rivers.However,the immense sediment influx suggested a deposition of 216-636 kg PAH/day（0.2-0.6 mg PAH/（m2·day））,indicating an ecotoxicological risk.PAH source analysis highlighted primary impacts of combustion sources on the more industrialized upper TGR section,whereas petrogenic sources dominated the mid-low section.Furthermore,sediment extracts from several sites exhibited significant activities of frameshift promutagens in the Ames fluctuation assay.Additionally,significant genotoxic impairments in erythrocytes of P.vachellii were detected（Chongqing/Kaixian）,demonstrating the relevance of genotoxicity as animportant mode of action in the TGR＇s fish.PAHs,their derivatives and non-target compounds are considered as main causative agents.

The source and transport of bioaerosols in the air:A review

Recent pandemic outbreak of the corona-virus disease 2019(COVID-19)has raised widespread concerns about the importance of the bioaerosols.They are atmospheric aerosol particles of biological origins,mainly including bacteria,fungi,viruses,pollen,and cell debris.Bioaerosols can exert a substantial impact on ecosystems,climate change,air quality,and public health.Here,we review several relevant topics on bioaerosols,including sampling and detection techniques,characterization,effects on health and air quality,and control methods.However,very few studies have focused on the source apportionment and transport of bioaerosols.The knowledge of the sources and transport pathways of bioaerosols is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the role microorganisms play in the atmosphere and control the spread of epidemic diseases associated with them.Therefore,this review comprehensively summarizes the up to date progress on the source characteristics,source identification,and diffusion and transport process of bioaerosols.We intercompare three types of diffusion and transport models,with a special emphasis on a widely used mathematical model.This review also highlights the main factors affecting the source emission and transport process,such as biogeographic regions,land-use types,and environmental factors.Finally,this review outlines future perspectives on bioaerosols.

Aromatic Amide Polymers that Form Two Helical Conformations with Twist Sense Bias in Water

Two benzene/2,2＇-bipyridine-alternately incorporated amide polymers have been prepared, which are driven by hydrophobicity to form two different helical conformations. Both helices exhibit twist sense bias in water induced by chiral valine side chains and the coordination of the 2,2＇-bipyridine unit to the Ni2＋ ions.