Utilizing the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to Understand the Aging of People Living in the Community with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

There remain challenges in understanding the aging lives of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Method: A cross-sectional comparison of people with and without I/DD was created using China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A definition of I/DD was established, three samples were created: those with an assigned/described intellectual and developmental disability prior to age 22 years;those with similar impairments at and after age 22 years;and those in the population without an assigned/described impairment. Findings: Those with I/DD appeared to have greater health needs on initial analysis. People with an impairment similar to I/DD but occurring after age 22 years had the same or greater needs in subsequent analyses. Both groups had greater needs than those with no identified disability. Discussion: There must be greater efforts to discover those with I/DD who are already in existing datasets, greater attention to the full range of lives led by people with I/DD and inclusion of data from a broader range of countries.

高电价成因、下调空间测算与中国电力行业改革

本文研究了中国的电价过高问题,分析了电价过高的主要成因,并提出了改革的政策建议。通过对比发现,中国的上网电价、输配电价和销售电价都绝对高于美国。进一步分析发现,发电和输配电企业人员过多、待遇过高,以及在此基础上的高利润是导致中国电价过高的主要原因。在电价中附加了较多不合理的政府性基金和过高的电煤价格也抬高了电价。本文在考虑了中国电力装机大量闲置的基础上,参照美国电价、电力企业效率和煤炭价格,测算了中国电价可下调的幅度,提出了大幅下调电价及加快规制体制改革,取消附加在电价中不合理的政府性基金,加快国有发电和输配电企业改革、分流企业冗员、降低成本,对煤炭市场区域性垄断高价、行政性去产能或重组等政策进行公平竞争审查、经营者集中审查和反垄断调查等建议。