From Knowledge Transfer to Capability Development:The Future of PBL+CBL Teaching Method in Operating Room Nursing Education

Concomitant with the advancement of contemporary medical technology,the significance of perioperative nursing has been increasingly accentuated,necessitating elevated standards for the pedagogy of perioperative nursing.Presently,the PBL(problem-based learning)pedagogical approach,when integrated with CBL(case-based learning),has garnered considerable interest.An extensive literature review has been conducted to analyze the application of the PBL-CBL fusion in the education of perioperative nursing.Findings indicate that this integrative teaching methodology not only enhances students’theoretical knowledge,practical competencies,and collaborative skills but also contributes to the elevation of teaching quality.In conclusion,the PBL-CBL teaching approach holds immense potential for broader application in perioperative nursing education.Nevertheless,it is imperative to continually refine this combined pedagogical strategy to further enhance the caliber of perioperative nursing instruction and to cultivate a greater number of exceptional nursing professionals in the operating room setting.

Research of Social Network Information Propagation Model Based on Public Interest and Opinion

During the diffusion of information on the network, the users generally have such an experience that at the beginning they get aware of the news they never know and may be willing to inform others, then their interests fade away, finally the information stops flowing. Meantime, their points of view are changing as the networks’ structure changes. Therefore, this article brings in the interest attenuation mechanism and the social networks consensus evolution mechanism on the basic of the improved SEIR model. So to begin with, we establish a model to analyze how users’ interests change during the diffusion of information on the network. Second we establish another model to analyze the evolution of the opinion during the diffusion of information on the network. At last, we establish a final model by using dynamic equations adding the results of the two models above.

从信号到知识——基于人工智能的医学影像裸数据诊断价值初探

Encouraging and astonishing developments have recently been achieved in image-based diagnostic technology.Modern medical care and imaging technology are becoming increasingly inseparable.However,the current diagnosis pattern of signal to image to knowledge inevitably leads to information distortion and noise introduction in the procedure of image reconstruction(from signal to image).Artificial intelligence(AI)technologies that can mine knowledge from vast amounts of data offer opportunities to disrupt established workflows.In this prospective study,for the first time,we develop an AI-based signal-toknowledge diagnostic scheme for lung nodule classification directly from the computed tomography(CT)raw data(the signal).We find that the raw data achieves almost comparable performance with CT,indicating that it is possible to diagnose diseases without reconstructing images.Moreover,the incorporation of raw data through three common convolutional network structures greatly improves the performance of the CT models in all cohorts(with a gain ranging from 0.01 to 0.12),demonstrating that raw data contains diagnostic information that CT does not possess.Our results break new ground and demonstrate the potential for direct signal-to-knowledge domain analysis.

Dynamic changes of postprandial plasma metabolites after intake of corn-soybean meal or casein-starch diets in growing pigs

Background: Postprandial nutrients utilization and metabolism of a certain diet is a complicated process. The metabolic feature of pigs after intake of corn-soybean meal or casein-starch diets are largely unknown. Therefore,this study was conducted to investigate the dynamic postprandial changes of plasma metabolic profile using growing pigs using metabolomics.Methods: Twenty-four growing pigs with average initial body weight(BW) about 30 kg were placed in metabolic cages and then fitted with precaval vein catheters. Pigs were fed daily 4% of initial body weight. Two experimental diets were included:(i) a starch-casein based purified diet(PD) and(ii) a common corn-soybean meal diet(CD).Plasma was collected before feeding and 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h after feeding.Results: In both diets, compared to prior to feeding, the concentrations of glucose, most amino acids, metabolites such as 5-aminopentanoic acid, pipecolic acid, ornithine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan were significantly increased in plasma during the first hour, whereas the concentrations of plasma triglycerides, glutamate, glycine, palmitelaidic acid, 13-HODE and oleic acid were decreased in the first hour. Compared with PD group, concentration of plasma leucine and isoleucine declined at 30 min in CD group. Plasma linoleic acid, sphingosine and many dipeptides were significantly higher in pigs fed CD.Conclusion: Most significant metabolic changes occurred during the first hour after feeding and then became relatively stable after 2 h in both diets. These results show a broad scope picture of postprandial changes in plasma metabolites after intake of PD and CD and could be a reference for further nutrition intervention as well as the design of nutritional studies.

Doped all-inorganic cesium zirconium halide perovskites with high-efficiency and tunable emission

Doping enables manipulation of both the electrical and optical properties of halide perovskites.Herein,we incorporated Te^(4+) into Cs_(2)ZrCl_(6) single crystal,simultaneously preserving the vacancy-ordered structure,to obtain an efficient yellow-emitting perovskite with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY≈97.6%).Te^(4+) doping modifies the hue and emission color of pristine Cs_(2)ZrCl_(6),generates new absorption channels,and successfully extends the excitation energy from<280 nm to 360-450 nm range.Detailed spectral characterizations,including ultrafast femtosecond transient absorption measurements,reveal that the bright yellow light is derived from triplet self-trapped excitons.Moreover,further tuning doping concentration enables Te-doped Cs_(2)ZrCl_(6) single crystals to exhibit efficient warm white light emission.This work provides a new perspective for the development and design of stable lead-free perovskites with highly efficient luminescence.

Stability analysis and design of fuzzy control system with bounded uncertain delays

Fuzzy control problems for systems with bounded uncertain delays were studied. Based on Lyapunov stability theory and matrix theory, a nonlinear state feedback fuzzy controller was designed by linear matrix inequalities （LMI） approach, and the global exponential stability of the closed-loop system was strictly proved. For a fuzzy control system with bounded uncertain delays, under the global exponential stability condition which is reduced to p linear matrix inequalities, the controller guarantees stability performances of state variables. Finally, the simulation shows the validity of the method in tiffs paper.

Use of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy for the rapid determination of the digestible energy and metabolizable energy content of corn fed to growing pigs

Background： The ability of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy（NIRS） to determine the digestible energy（DE）and metabolizable energy（ME） content of corn fed to growing pigs was tested. One hundred and seventeen corn samples, comprising different planting regions and varieties were collected from all over China in a three-year period. The samples were randomly split into a calibration set（n = 88） and a validation set（n = 29）. The actual and calculated DE and ME content of the corn samples was determined by digestion-metabolism experiments and the prediction equations of Noblet and Perez（J Anim Sci. 71：3389–98,1993）. The samples were then subjected to NIRS scanning and calibrations were performed by the modified partial least square（MPLS） regression method based on77 different spectral pre-treatments. The NIRS equations based on the actually determined and calculated DE and ME were built separately and then validated using validation samples.Results： The NIRS equations obtained from actually determined DE, the coefficient of determination for calibration（RSQcal）, cross-validation（R^2CV）, and validation（RSQv） were 0.89, 0.87 and 0.86, and these values for determined ME were 0.87, 0.86 and 0.86. For the NIRS equations built from calculated DE, the RSQcal, R^2CV, and RSQvvalues were 0.88, 0.85 and 0.84, and these values for calculated ME were 0.86, 0.84 and 0.82. Except for the equation based on calculated ME（RPD_v= 2.38, 〈 2.50）, the other three equations built from actually determined energy and calculated DE produced good prediction performance（RPD_vranging from 2.53 to 2.69, 〉 2.50） when applied to validation samples.Conclusion： These results indicate that NIRS can be used as a quantitative method for the rapid determination of the available energy in corn fed to growing pigs, and the NIRS equations based on the actually determined energy produced better predictive performance than those built from calculated energy values.

Research on the Collision-Free Path Planning of Multi-AGVs System Based on Improved A* Algorithm

Path planning problem is the core and hot research topic of multiple Automatic Guided Vehicles (multi-AGVs) system. Although there are many research results, they do not solve the path planning problem from the perspective of reducing traffic congestion. A collision-free path planning method based on improved A* Algorithm for multi-AGVs logistics sorting system is proposed in this paper. In the method, the environment of warehouse operation for AGVs is described by using grid method. The estimated cost of A* algorithm is improved by adding the penalty value of the paths that AGVs share with each other to alleviate traffic congestion and collision resolution rules are made according to different types of collisions. Then the collision-free path planning is done by combing the improved A* algorithm and collision resolution rules. The sorting efficiency of the method is compared with that of original A* algorithm. Simulation results show that the new collision-free path planning method can improve the sorting efficiency of multi-AGVs system and relieve traffic congestion.

Structure-guided Capacitance Relationships in Oxidized Graphene Porous Materials Based Supercapacitors

Supercapacitors formed from porous carbon and graphene-oxide(GO)materials are usually dominated by either electric double-layer capacitance,pseudo-capacitance,or both.Due to these combined features,reduced GO materials have been shown to offer superior capacitance over typical nanoporous carbon materials;however,there is a significant variation in reported values,ranging between 25 and 350 F g^(−1).This undermines the structure(e.g.,oxygen functionality and/or surface area)-performance relationships for optimization of cost and scalable factors.This work demonstrates important structure-controlled charge storage relationships.For this,a series of exfoliated graphene(EG)derivatives are produced via thermal-shock exfoliation of GO precursors and following controlled graphitization of EG(GEG)generates materials with varied amounts of porosity,redox-active oxygen groups and graphitic components.Experimental results show significantly varied capacitance values between 30 and 250 F g^(−1)at 1.0 A g^(−1)in GEG structures;this suggests that for a given specific surface area the redox-active and hydrophilic oxygen content can boost the capacitance to 250–300%higher compared to typical mesoporous carbon materials.GEGs with identical oxygen functionality show a surface area governed capacitance.This allows to establish direct structure-performance relationships between 1)redox-active oxygen functional concentration and capacitance and 2)surface area and capacitance.

High retention volume covalent organic polymer for xenon capture:Dynamic separation of Xe and Kr

Xenon capture and Xe/Kr separation are important processes in industry.For instance,Xe/Kr separation is an indispensable step in recycle and treatment of nuclear fuel emission.Among different separation methods,selectively adsorb gas molecules using porous materials is a promising way to reduce the high energy consumption in traditional cryogenic distillation.However,many reported adsorbents still face the challenges of:ⅰ) poor separation property at low Xe/Kr concentrations;ⅱ) insufficient retention volumes,which influence the viability of whole process.In this work,we present a stable covalent organic polymer,i.e.,COP-14,showing promising potential for Xe/Kr separiton.In dynamic breakthrough experiments,COP-14 successfully separates low concentration Xe(350 ppm) and Kr(35 ppm) from target gas mixtures.Meanwhile,the xenon retention volume per gram(1700 mL g^(-1) at 298 K) of COP-14 in dynamics absorption process achieves 3.8 times of benchmark active carbon.The good performance of the newly devloped COP-14 mainly from its rich nitrogen sites and suitable pore size with xenon molecues.The promising results of COP-14 on Xe/Kr separation in this work provide a promising way for designing efficient Xe/Kr separation mateirals.

普通玉米、糯玉米和蒸汽压片玉米对生长猪能量和营养物质消化率的影响

研究的目的是通过饲喂生长猪普通玉米、糯玉米和蒸汽压片玉米来测定其消化能、代谢能和营养物质的表观消化率。

B7-H3 confers stemness characteristics to gastric cancer cells by promoting glutathione metabolism through AKT/pAKT/Nrf2 pathway

Background:Cancer stem-like cells(CSCs)are a small subset of cells in tumors that exhibit self-renewal and differentiation properties.CSCs play a vital role in tumor formation,progression,relapse,and therapeutic resistance.B7-H3,an immunoregulatory protein,has many protumor functions.However,little is known about the mechanism underlying the role of B7-H3 in regulating gastric cancer(GC)stemness.Our study aimed to explore the impacts of B7-H3 on GC stemness and its underlying mechanism.Methods:GC stemness influenced by B7-H3 was detected both in vitro and in vivo.The expression of stemness-related markers was examined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction,Western blotting,and flow cytometry.Sphere formation assay was used to detect the sphere-forming ability.The underlying regulatory mechanism of B7-H3 on the stemness of GC was investigated by mass spectrometry and subsequent validation experiments.The signaling pathway(Protein kinase B[Akt]/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2[Nrf2]pathway)of B7-H3 on the regulation of glutathione(GSH)metabolism was examined by Western blotting assay.Multi-color immunohistochemistry(mIHC)was used to detect the expression of B7-H3,cluster of differentiation 44(CD44),and Nrf2 on human GC tissues.Student’s t-test was used to compare the difference between two groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between two molecules.The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis.Results:B7-H3 knockdown suppressed the stemness of GC cells both in vitro and in vivo.Mass spectrometric analysis showed the downregulation of GSH metabolism in short hairpin B7-H3 GC cells,which was further confirmed by the experimental results.Meanwhile,stemness characteristics in B7-H3 overexpressing cells were suppressed after the inhibition of GSH metabolism.Furthermore,Western blotting suggested that B7-H3-induced activation of GSH metabolism occurred through the AKT/Nrf2 pathway,and inhibition of AKT signaling pathway could suppress not only GSH metabolism but also GC stemness.mIHC showed that B7-H3 was highly expressed in GC tissues and was positively correlated with the expression of CD44 and Nrf2.Importantly,GC patients with high expression of B7-H3,CD44,and Nrf2 had worse prognosis(P=0.02).Conclusions:B7-H3 has a regulatory effect on GC stemness and the regulatory effect is achieved through the AKT/Nrf2/GSH pathway.Inhibiting B7-H3 expression may be a new therapeutic strategy against GC.

The Revolution of Entrepreneurship Through E-Commerce Model:Questionnaire-based Research in China

E-commerce is evolving as an innovative tool in a wide range of areas,and has changed the face of entrepreneurship by making them more efficient and dynamic.In this paper,the author firstly reviewed the current development of e-commerce and entrepreneurship,as well as existing opportunities and challenges in this field.This paper also combines both qualitative method(literature review)and quantitative method(questionnaire-based research)to explore the impact of e-commerce on the landscape of entrepreneurship.The findings of this study suggest that the development of e-commerce has triggered fundamental changes in entrepreneurial activities.It significantly promotes the entry of new start-ups and facilitates the growth of their businesses.Meanwhile,small-and medium-sized firms also encounter greater challenges when they try to adopt and implement e-commerce.

Protection of Li metal anode by surface-coating of PVDF thin film to enhance the cycling performance of Li batteries

Lithium metal, the ideal anode material for next-generation high-energy batteries, suffers from the severe safety problem of Li dendrites. Herein, we report a simple approach to effectively maintain the morphology of Li-metal anode and enhance the cycling performance of Li batteries by surface coating of a porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) thin film. In symmetrical cells testing, the cells with the Li@PVDF electrode display stable cycling performance more than 1300 h (650 cycles) at the current density of 0.5 mA/cm^2 with a stripping/plating capacity of 0.5 mAh/cm^2. The results with full cells employing Li@PVDF anode and LiFePO_4 cathode show a good cycling ability with a capacity retention of 80.0% after 500 cycles at 4 C and an excellent rate capability with a high capacity of 78.4 mAh/g even at a high rate of 10 C.

Metalenses: from design principles to functional applications

Lens is a basic optical element that is widely used in daily life,such as in cameras,glasses,and microscopes.Conventional lenses are designed based on the classical refractive optics,which results in inevitable imaging aberrations,such as chromatic aberration,spherical aberration and coma.To solve these problems,conventional imaging systems impose multiple curved lenses with different thicknesses and materials to eliminate these aberrations.As a unique photonic technology,metasurfaces can accurately manipulate the wavefront of light to produce fascinating and peculiar optical phenomena,which has stimulated researchers9 extensive interests in the field of planar optics.Starting from the introduction of phase modulation methods,this review summarizes the design principles and characteristics of metalenses.Although the imaging quality of existing metalenses is not necessarily better than that of conventional lenses,the multi-dimensional and multi-degree-of-freedom control of metasurfaces provides metalenses with novel functions that are extremely challenging or impossible to achieve with conventional lenses.

RuO_(2) nanoparticles supported on Ni and N co-doped carbon nanotubes as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst of lithium-oxygen battery

Li_(2)O_(2),as the discharge product of Li-O_(2) batteries on cathode,is difficult to be electrochemically decomposed,which will lead to short cycling lifespan of the batteries.In this study,the cycling lifespan of Li-O_(2)battery was prolonged significantly by an efficient bifunctional catalyst.The Ni and N co-doped carbon nanotubes(Ni NCs)were synthesized firstly,and then RuO_(2) nanoparticles were deposited on Ni NCs by a hydrothermal route to synthesize RuO_(2)/Ni NC catalysts.Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction characterizations demonstrated that part of metallic Ni was converted into NiO and Ni(OH)2 after loading RuO_(2),and the existence of Ni O layer can prevent further oxidation of metallic Ni.The Li-O_(2)battery with RuO_(2)/Ni NC as the cathode catalyst exhibits an overpotential of 0.43 V,which is much lower than the value of 1.03 V measured with the Li-O_(2) battery using Ni NC as the cathode catalyst.At a rate of 200 mAg^(-1),the Li-O_(2) battery with the RuO_(2)/Ni NC cathode can maintain a reversible capacity of 500 mAhg^(-1)for 260 cycles,and 117 cycles with a higher reversible capacity of 1000 m A h g^(-1).The superior property of the RuO_(2)/NiNC bifunctional catalyst could be ascribed to the high activity of RuO_(2) and the rich carbon nanotube structure of NiNC for deposition and decomposition of Li_(2)O_(2).

The variable structure controller design for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems based on robust observer

The variable structure controller is designed for a class of nonlinear uncertain time-delay system by using robust observer, and incorporating H-infinity control technique, the controller can guarantee the H-infinity performance of sliding mode dynamics and satisfy the reaching condition, which also does not require uncertainties to satisfy matching condition and linear boundary condition. The simulation example is given to illustrate the method.

Full-colour nanoprint-hologram synchronous metasurface with arbitrary hue-saturationbrightness control

The colour gamut,a two-dimensional(2D)colour space primarily comprising hue and saturation(HS),lays the most important foundation for the colour display and printing industries.Recently,the metasurface has been considered a promising paradigm for nanoprinting and holographic imaging,demonstrating a subwavelength image resolution,a flat profile,high durability,and multi-functionalities.Much effort has been devoted to broaden the 2D HS plane,also known as the CIE map.However,the brightness(B),as the carrier of chiaroscuro information,has long been neglected in metasurface-based nanoprinting or holograms due to the challenge in realising arbitrary and simultaneous control of full-colour HSB tuning in a passive device.Here,we report a dielectric metasurface made of crystal silicon nanoblocks,which achieves not only tailorable coverage of the primary colours red,green and blue(RGB)but also intensity control of the individual colours.The colour gamut is hence extruded from the 2D CIE to a complete 3D HSB space.Moreover,thanks to the independent control of the RGB intensity and phase,we further show that a singlelayer silicon metasurface could simultaneously exhibit arbitrary HSB colour nanoprinting and a full-colour hologram image.Our findings open up possibilities for high-resolution and high-fidelity optical security devices as well as advanced cryptographic approaches.

A commentary of GPT-3 in MIT Technology Review 2021

Through the development of large-scale natural language models with writing and dialogue capabilities,artificial intelligence(AI)has taken a significant stride towards better natural language understanding(NLU)and human-computer interaction(HCI).As of today,the GPT-3 model,developed by OpenAI,is the language model with the most parameters,the largest scale,and the strongest capabilities.Using a large amount of Internet text data and thousands of books for model training,GPT-3 can imitate the natural language patterns of humans nearly perfectly.This language model is extremely realistic and is considered the most impressive model as of today.Despite its powerful modeling and description capabilities,there are significant issues and limitations.First and foremost,the GPT-3 model does not understand writing(natural language generation)well and sometimes generates uncontrollable content.Secondly,training the GPT-3 model requires a large amount of computing power,data,and capital investment,and releases significant carbon dioxide emissions.Developing similar models is only possible in laboratories with adequate resources.Furthermore,as the GPT-3 model is trained with Internet text data rife with error messages and prejudices,it often produces chapters and paragraphs with biased content similar to the training data.

Metalens-based stereoscopic microscope

Stereoscopic microscopy is a promising technology to obtain three-dimensional microscopic images.Such microscopes are based on the parallax effect,and as such require two lenses to focus at two different points.Geometrical constraints,however,restrict their numerical apertures to about 0.2,thus limiting the system’s resolution.Higher numerical apertures(.35)can be achieved with designs using only one bulk lens,but such systems are0 times more costly than the conventional ones.Thus,there is a pressing need for alternative solutions to improve the resolution of stereoscopic systems.Here,we show that high-resolution and low-cost stereoscopic systems can be obtained using birefringent single-layer metalenses.We design and fabricate a birefringent metalens operating at 532 nm with a numerical aperture as high as 0.4.The metalens is then used to demonstrate high-resolution stereoscopic imaging of biological samples.The microscopic images are further displayed and perceived vividly in an autostereoscopic display.Our demonstration paves the way to a new strategy to achieve high-resolution and low-cost stereoscopic microscopes.