With the understanding of the complex interaction between the tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy,there is increasing interest in the role of immune regulators in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell car...With the understanding of the complex interaction between the tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy,there is increasing interest in the role of immune regulators in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).Activation of T cells and immune checkpoint molecules is important for the immune response to cancers.Immune checkpoint molecules include cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4(CTLA-4),programmed death 1(PD-1),T-cell immunoglobulin mucin protein 3(TIM-3),lymphocyte activation gene 3(LAG-3),T cell immunoglobin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif(TIGIT),glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor(GITR)and V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation(VISTA).Many clinical trials using checkpoint inhibitors,as both monotherapies and combination therapies,have been initiated targeting these immune checkpoint molecules.This review summarizes the functional mechanism and use of various immune checkpoint molecules in HNSCC,including monotherapies and combination therapies,and provides better treatment options for patients with HNSCC.展开更多
Heat stress(HS) has serious negative effects on plant development and has become a major threat to agriculture. A rapid transcriptional regulatory cascade has evolved in plants in response to HS. Nuclear Factor-Y(NF-Y...Heat stress(HS) has serious negative effects on plant development and has become a major threat to agriculture. A rapid transcriptional regulatory cascade has evolved in plants in response to HS. Nuclear Factor-Y(NF-Y) complexes are critical for this mechanism, but how NF-Y complexes are regulated remains unclear.In this study, we identified NF-YC10(NF-Y subunit C10), a central regulator of the HS response in Arabidopsis thaliana, as a substrate of SUMOylation, an important post-translational modification. Biochemical analysis showed that the SUMO ligase SIZ1(SAP AND MIZ1 DOMAINCONTAINING LIGASE1) interacts with NF-YC10and enhances its SUMOylation during HS. The SUMOylation of NF-YC10 facilitates its interaction with and the nuclear translocation of NF-YB3, in which the SUMO interaction motif(SIM)is essential for its efficient association with NF-YC10. Further functional analysis indicated that the SUMOylation of NF-YC10 and the SIM of NF-YB3 are critical for HS-responsive gene expression and plant thermotolerance. These findings uncover a role for the SIZ1-mediated SUMOylation of NF-YC10 in NF-Y complex assembly under HS, providing new insights into the role of a post-translational modification in regulating transcription during abiotic stress responses in plants.展开更多
In this work,shape-stabilized solid-solid phase change materials(PCMs)were fabricated by simply electrospinning polyethylene glycol(PEG)and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA).Owing to the strong hydrogen bonds and entanglement be...In this work,shape-stabilized solid-solid phase change materials(PCMs)were fabricated by simply electrospinning polyethylene glycol(PEG)and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA).Owing to the strong hydrogen bonds and entanglement between those molecular chains of PEG and PVA,PEG was packaged by PVA.The morphological structures,thermal stability and thermal energy storage properties of those fibers were investigated.SEM results showed that those electrospun PVA/PEG composite membranes hold a three-dimensional nonwoven web structure even the content of PEG as high as 70%.The thermal energy storage ability of those composite fibers increased with the increase of the content of PEG.The heat enthalpies of PEG/PVA=7/3 were as high as 78.806 J/g.Moreover,those composite fibers had excellent thermal stability.After 100 heating and cooling cycles,there was almost no obvious change in the melting enthalpy and crystallization enthalpy.Those fibers still maintained good thermal regulation.The simple preparation process,low cost of raw materials and excellent stability endow the PCMs great utilization potentiality in smart textile and energy storage systems.展开更多
文摘With the understanding of the complex interaction between the tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy,there is increasing interest in the role of immune regulators in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).Activation of T cells and immune checkpoint molecules is important for the immune response to cancers.Immune checkpoint molecules include cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4(CTLA-4),programmed death 1(PD-1),T-cell immunoglobulin mucin protein 3(TIM-3),lymphocyte activation gene 3(LAG-3),T cell immunoglobin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif(TIGIT),glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor(GITR)and V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation(VISTA).Many clinical trials using checkpoint inhibitors,as both monotherapies and combination therapies,have been initiated targeting these immune checkpoint molecules.This review summarizes the functional mechanism and use of various immune checkpoint molecules in HNSCC,including monotherapies and combination therapies,and provides better treatment options for patients with HNSCC.
基金supported by the Major Program of Guangdong Basic and Applied Research (2019B030302006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871222 and 31970531)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (2018B030 308002, 2019A1515110330, 2021A1515011151)Guangdong Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (2021KJ114)South China Normal University Young Teachers' Research Incubation Fund Project (21KJ18)the Program for Changjiang Scholarsthe Guangdong Special Support Program of Young Top-Notch Talent in Science and Technology Innovation (2019TQ05N651)。
文摘Heat stress(HS) has serious negative effects on plant development and has become a major threat to agriculture. A rapid transcriptional regulatory cascade has evolved in plants in response to HS. Nuclear Factor-Y(NF-Y) complexes are critical for this mechanism, but how NF-Y complexes are regulated remains unclear.In this study, we identified NF-YC10(NF-Y subunit C10), a central regulator of the HS response in Arabidopsis thaliana, as a substrate of SUMOylation, an important post-translational modification. Biochemical analysis showed that the SUMO ligase SIZ1(SAP AND MIZ1 DOMAINCONTAINING LIGASE1) interacts with NF-YC10and enhances its SUMOylation during HS. The SUMOylation of NF-YC10 facilitates its interaction with and the nuclear translocation of NF-YB3, in which the SUMO interaction motif(SIM)is essential for its efficient association with NF-YC10. Further functional analysis indicated that the SUMOylation of NF-YC10 and the SIM of NF-YB3 are critical for HS-responsive gene expression and plant thermotolerance. These findings uncover a role for the SIZ1-mediated SUMOylation of NF-YC10 in NF-Y complex assembly under HS, providing new insights into the role of a post-translational modification in regulating transcription during abiotic stress responses in plants.
基金The project was supported by international cooperation of Prof.Jaromir Marek and Key Program for International S&T Innovation Cooperation Projects of China[2016YFE0131400]This project was supported by the Scientific Research Project of Department of Education of Zhejiang Province[19010035-F]This work was supported by Science Foundation of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(ZSTU)under Grant No.19012393-Y.
文摘In this work,shape-stabilized solid-solid phase change materials(PCMs)were fabricated by simply electrospinning polyethylene glycol(PEG)and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA).Owing to the strong hydrogen bonds and entanglement between those molecular chains of PEG and PVA,PEG was packaged by PVA.The morphological structures,thermal stability and thermal energy storage properties of those fibers were investigated.SEM results showed that those electrospun PVA/PEG composite membranes hold a three-dimensional nonwoven web structure even the content of PEG as high as 70%.The thermal energy storage ability of those composite fibers increased with the increase of the content of PEG.The heat enthalpies of PEG/PVA=7/3 were as high as 78.806 J/g.Moreover,those composite fibers had excellent thermal stability.After 100 heating and cooling cycles,there was almost no obvious change in the melting enthalpy and crystallization enthalpy.Those fibers still maintained good thermal regulation.The simple preparation process,low cost of raw materials and excellent stability endow the PCMs great utilization potentiality in smart textile and energy storage systems.