The benefits and caveats of international nurse migration

Worldwide,there is a dramatic shortage of nurses.An increase in the migration of nurses from their home countries to recipient countries is having a global effect on the healthcare system.This global phenomenon stems from historical,economical,social,and political factors.Migration has a significant impact on both the individual and national level.This article summarizes the factors that contribute to nurse migration form the perspective of the source and recipient countries.Additionally,the impacts and issues surrounding nurse migration were also analyzed.

Rapid formation of Csp^(3)–Csp^(3) bonds through copper-catalyzed decarboxylative Csp^(3)–H functionalization

Transition-metal-catalyzed decarboxylative and C–H functionalization strategy for the construction of Csp^(2)-Csp^(2),Csp^(2)-Csp,and Csp^(2)-Csp^(3) bonds has been extensively studied.However,research surveys of this synthetic strategy for the Csp^(3)-Csp^(3) bond forming reactions are surprisingly scarce.Herein,we present an efficient approach for the rapid formation of Csp^(3)–Csp^(3) bond through copper-catalyzed decarboxylative Csp^(3)–H functionalization.The present method should provide a useful access to C3-substituted indole scaffolds with possible biological activities.Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations supported a dual-Cu(Ⅱ)-catalytic cycle involving rate-determining decarboxylation in an outer-sphere radical pathway and spin-crossover-promoted C–C bond formation.This strategy offers a promising synthesis method for the construction of Csp^(3)–Csp^(3) bond in the field of synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry and extends the number of still limited copper-catalyzed decarboxylative Csp^(3)–Csp^(3) bond forming reaction.

Selective Laser Melting Molding of Individualized Femur Implant:Design,Process,Optimization

Efective Selective Laser Melting(SLM)molding methods for femur implant design and molding can improve femur implant surgerysucess rates and enhance patients quality of life.In this study,an individualized femur implant and individualized biological fixed-typefenur implant were designed using the parametric modeling method.The implants were then directly manufactured via SLM moldingtechnology as the forming process was carefuly analyzed.The results indicate that the proposed implant allows for favorable conjunctionof the reconstructed implant model with the surrounding bone tissues under the premise of a relatively small amount of bone-cutting.Theproposed implant also shows even pore distribution,good overall connectivity,relatively high bearing capacity,favorable overlappingbetween supports,and strong inter-pore connectivity.Only a small amount of powder adheres onto the surface and can be directly usedafter simple sand blasting and polishing.The comprehensive analyses of fenur implant modeling and molding methods given in this papermay provide a sound foundation for the design and direct manufacture of individualized femur implants in the future.