The variation of the principal stress of formations with the working and geo-mechanical conditions can trigger wellbore instabilities and adversely affect the well completion.A finite element model,based on the theory...The variation of the principal stress of formations with the working and geo-mechanical conditions can trigger wellbore instabilities and adversely affect the well completion.A finite element model,based on the theory of poro-elasticity and the Mohr-Coulomb rock damage criterion,is used here to analyze such a risk.The changes in wellbore stability before and after reservoir acidification are simulated for different pressure differences.The results indicate that the risk of wellbore instability grows with an increase in the production-pressure difference regardless of whether acidification is completed or not;the same is true for the instability area.After acidizing,the changes in the main geomechanical parameters(i.e.,elastic modulus,Poisson’s ratio,and rock strength)cause the maximum wellbore instability coefficient to increase.展开更多
Kagome materials have been studied intensively in condensed matter physics.With rich properties,various Kagome materials emerge during this process.Here,we grew single crystals of Y_(0.5)Fe_(3)Sn_(3)and confirmed an Y...Kagome materials have been studied intensively in condensed matter physics.With rich properties,various Kagome materials emerge during this process.Here,we grew single crystals of Y_(0.5)Fe_(3)Sn_(3)and confirmed an YCo_(6)Ge_(6)-type Kagome-lattice structure by detailed crystal structure characterizations.This compound bears an antiferromagnetic ordering at T_(N)= 551 K,and shows a weak ferromagnetism at low temperatures,where an anomalous Hall effect was observed,suggesting the non-zero Berry curvature.With the unstable antiferromagnetic ground state,our systematic investigations make Y_(0.5)Fe_(3)Sn_(3)a potential Kagome compound for Kagome or topological physics.展开更多
Visible-light-driven CO2 photoreduction to achieve renewable materials,such as syngas,hydrocarbons,and alcohols,is a key process that could relieve environmental problems and the energy crisis simultaneously.Reduction...Visible-light-driven CO2 photoreduction to achieve renewable materials,such as syngas,hydrocarbons,and alcohols,is a key process that could relieve environmental problems and the energy crisis simultaneously.Reduction of syngas products with diff erent H2:CO proportions is highly expected to produce high value-added chemicals in the industry.However,the development of technologies employing long-wavelength irradiation to achieve CO2 photoreduction and simultaneous tuning of the resultant H2:CO proportion remains a challenging endeavor.In this work,we carried out interfacial engineering by designing a series of heterostructured layered double-hydroxide/MoS2 nanocomposites via electrostatic self-assembly.The syngas proportion(H 2:CO)obtained from CO2 photoreduction could be modulated from 1:1 to 9:1 by visible-light irradiation(λ>400 nm)under the control of the interface-rich heterostructures.This work provides a cost-eff ective strategy for solar-tofuel conversion in an artificial photosynthetic system and describes a novel route to produce syngas with targeted proportions.展开更多
Abnormal oil casing pressure appeared in the process of test production of multiple Ultra-Deep Gas Wells in Tarim Basin. The super 13Cr oil pipe string was used to analyze the causes of pipe string failure in view of ...Abnormal oil casing pressure appeared in the process of test production of multiple Ultra-Deep Gas Wells in Tarim Basin. The super 13Cr oil pipe string was used to analyze the causes of pipe string failure in view of the oil casing channeling well during the test and blowout period. The construction process of the well was analyzed in detail. Combined with the review of the operation flow and the detection of fracture string material and fracture morphology, the causes of pipe string fracture were analyzed and calculated in detail. Through field investigation, analysis and calculation, it was found that the main cause of cracking of super 13Cr tubing in this well is the decrease of vibration natural frequency caused by excessive fluid velocity in pipe and too long span of pipe string. At the same time, the mixed failure of stress corrosion cracking and stress load interaction occurred in Cl−1 environment and other corrosion environments.展开更多
Male animals often adjust their sperm investment in response to sperm competition environment.To date,only a few studies have investigated how juvenile sociosexual settings affect sperm production before adulthood and...Male animals often adjust their sperm investment in response to sperm competition environment.To date,only a few studies have investigated how juvenile sociosexual settings affect sperm production before adulthood and sperm allocation during the first mating.Yet,it is unclear whether juvenile sociosexual experience(1)determines lifetime sperm production and allocation in any animal species;(2)alters the eupyrene:apyrene sperm ratio in lifetime ejaculates of any lepidopteran insects,and(3)influences lifetime ejaculation patterns,number of matings and adult longevity.Here we used a polygamous moth,Ephestia kuehniella,to address these questions.Upon male adult emergence from juveniles reared at different density and sex ratio,we paired each male with a virgin female daily until his death.We dissected each mated female to count the sperm transferred and recorded male longevity and lifetime number of matings.We demonstrate for the first time that males ejaculated significantly more eupyrenes and apyrenes in their lifetime after their young were exposed to juvenile rivals.Adult moths continued to produce eupyrene sperm,contradicting the previous predictions for lepidopterans.The eupyrene:apyrene ratio in the lifetime ejaculates remained unchanged in all treatments,suggesting that the sperm ratio is critical for reproductive success.Male juvenile exposure to other juveniles regardless of sex ratio caused significantly shorter adult longevity and faster decline in sperm ejaculation over successive matings.However,males from all treatments achieved similar number of matings in their lifetime.This study provides insight into adaptive resource allocation by males in response to juvenile sociosexual environment.展开更多
Male animals may adjust their resource allocations for reproduction and other fitness functions in response to cues from rivals. For instance, adult males increase their investment in sperm for a higher paternity shar...Male animals may adjust their resource allocations for reproduction and other fitness functions in response to cues from rivals. For instance, adult males increase their investment in sperm for a higher paternity share when they perceive sperm competition risk in their surroundings. In nature, both juveniles and adults may coexist spatially and temporally. Yet, it is not clear how juvenile males of different ages respond to cues from adult rivals and fine-tune their lifetime investment in sperm production and ejaculation in any insect. Here we used the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, which produces both fertile eupyrene and infertile apyrene sperm, to explore this question. We demonstrate that the late, but not early, instar larvae are sensitive to adult male cues. As a response, they produce more sperm before emergence and their resultant adults have shorter mating latency and ejaculate more sperm in the first few matings. When the juvenile stage produces more eupyrenes, the adult stops making these sperm, but regardless of the number of apyrenes produced during the juvenile stage, the adult continues to make them. These findings suggest that the number of spermatogonia for eupyrenes may be limited and that for apyrenes may be flexible. Our results show that the insect does not trade off survival, mating frequency, body size, or testis size for sperm production in response to adult males during the larval stage. Knowledge created in the present study offers insight into the stage-dependent sensitivity of juvenile males to cues from adult rivals and subsequent lifetime resource allocations.展开更多
The kagome lattice system has been identified as a fertile ground for the emergence of a number of new quantumstates,including superconductivity,quantum spin liquids,and topological electronic states.This has attracte...The kagome lattice system has been identified as a fertile ground for the emergence of a number of new quantumstates,including superconductivity,quantum spin liquids,and topological electronic states.This has attracted significantinterest within the field of condensed matter physics.Here,we present the observation of an anomalous Hall effect in aniron-based kagome antiferromagnet LuFe_(6)Sn_(6),which implies a non-zero Berry curvature in this compound.By means ofextensive magnetic measurements,a high Neel temperature,T_(N)=552 K,and a spin reorientation behavior were identifiedand a simple temperature-field phase diagram was constructed.Furthermore,this compound was found to exhibit a largeSommerfeld coefficient ofγ=87 mJ·mol^(-1)·K^(-2),suggesting the presence of a strong electronic correlation effect.Ourresearch indicates that LuFe_(6)Sn_(6)is an intriguing compound that may exhibit magnetism,strong correlation,and topologicalstates.展开更多
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain(AIWG) is a common adverse effect of this treatment, particularly with second-generation antipsychotics, and it is a major health problem around the world. We aimed to review the progr...Antipsychotic-induced weight gain(AIWG) is a common adverse effect of this treatment, particularly with second-generation antipsychotics, and it is a major health problem around the world. We aimed to review the progress of pharmacogenetic studies on AIWG in the Chinese population to compare the results for Chinese with other ethnic populations, identify the limitations and problems of current studies, and provide future research directions in China. Both English and Chinese electronic databases were searched to identify eligible studies. We determined that [ 25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in19 genes have been investigated in association with AIWG in Chinese patients over the past few decades. HTR2 C rs3813929 is the most frequently studied single-nucleotide polymorphism, and it seems to be the most strongly associated with AIWG in the Chinese population. However, many genes that have been reported to be associated with AIWG in other ethnic populations have not beenincluded in Chinese studies. To explain the pharmacogenetic reasons for AIWG in the Chinese population,genome-wide association studies and multiple-center, standard, unified, and large samples are needed.展开更多
In spintronics, it is highly desirable to find new materials that can simultaneously possess complete spin-polarization, high-speed conduction electrons, large Curie temperature, and robust ferromagnetic ground states...In spintronics, it is highly desirable to find new materials that can simultaneously possess complete spin-polarization, high-speed conduction electrons, large Curie temperature, and robust ferromagnetic ground states. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that the stable YN2 monolayer with octahedral coordination is a novel p-state Dirac half metal （DHM）, which not only has a fully spin-polarized Dirac state, but also the highest Fermi velocity （3.74×10^5 m/s） of the DHMs reported to date. In addition, its half-metallic gap of 1.53 eV is large enough to prevent the spin-flip transition. Because of the strong nonlocal p orbitals of N atoms （N-p） direct exchange interaction, the Curie temperature reaches over 332 K. Moreover, its ferromagnetic ground state can be well preserved under carrier doping or external strain. Therefore, the YN2 monolayer is a promising DHM for high-speed spintronic devices and would lead to new opportunities in designing other p-state DHMs.展开更多
The present paper focuses on the regulations on private supplementary tutoring,which in China is widely called Xiaowai Peixun(校外培训).Although much previous international literature has mostly focused on tutoring in...The present paper focuses on the regulations on private supplementary tutoring,which in China is widely called Xiaowai Peixun(校外培训).Although much previous international literature has mostly focused on tutoring in academic subjects,tutoring in non-academic ones such as piano and painting has become popular in China and is also seen as educational investment by families.To fit this context,the present paper adopts a definition of private tutoring covering tutoring in both academic and non-academic subjects.展开更多
To explore the pharmacogenomic markers that affect the platinum-based chemotherapy response in non-small-cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC),we performed a two-cohort of genome-wide association studies(GWAS),including 34 for W...To explore the pharmacogenomic markers that affect the platinum-based chemotherapy response in non-small-cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC),we performed a two-cohort of genome-wide association studies(GWAS),including 34 for WES-based and 433 for microarray-based analyses,as well as two independent validation cohorts.After integrating the results of two studies,the genetic variations related to the platinum-based chemotherapy response were further determined by fine-mapping in 838 samples,and their potential functional impact were investigated by eQTL analysis and in vitro cell experiments.We found that a total of 68 variations were significant at P<1×10^(-3)in cohort 1 discovery stage,of which 3 SNPs were verified in 262 independent samples.A total of541 SNPs were significant at P<1×10^(-4)in cohort 2 discovery stage,of which 8 SNPs were verified in 347 independent samples.Comparing the validated SNPs in two GWAS,ADCY1 gene was verified in both independent studies.The results of fine-mapping showed that the G allele carriers of ADCY1rs2280496 and C allele carriers of rs189178649 were more likely to be resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy.In conclusion,our study found that rs2280496 and rs189178649 in ADCY1 gene were associated the sensitivity of platinum-based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients.展开更多
Purpose:Private supplementary tutoring has been increasingly used by parents as part of wider strategies to assist their children’s education careers in China.With a theoretical lens of parentocracy,this article aime...Purpose:Private supplementary tutoring has been increasingly used by parents as part of wider strategies to assist their children’s education careers in China.With a theoretical lens of parentocracy,this article aimed to investigate the influential parental factors underlying the demand for private tutoring,focusing on parents’socioeconomic resources and attitudes toward education.Design/Approach/Methods:This article drew upon data from the 2014 iteration of the China Family Panel Studies.Structural equation modeling(SEM)analysis was employed to explore the influences of parental factors.Findings:The SEM analysis confirmed that parental income,education,and aspirations on children’s education had both direct and indirect positive effects through the mediating factor of role construction on demand for tutoring.A multiple-group analysis was further conducted,and the difference in the patterns for urban and rural parents was explored.Parental occupation had no impact on demand for tutoring for rural parents but had both direct and indirect effects for urban parents.Both direct and indirect effects of household income on demand for tutoring were greater for urban parents than for rural parents.Originality/Value:This article examined the direct and indirect influences of parental factors on demand for private tutoring and explored the differences in patterns for urban and rural parents in a quantitative way.Findings have implications for education inequality.展开更多
Socio-sexual environment can have critical impacts on reproduction and survival of animals.Consequently,they need to prepare themselves by allocating more resources to competitive traits that give them advantages in t...Socio-sexual environment can have critical impacts on reproduction and survival of animals.Consequently,they need to prepare themselves by allocating more resources to competitive traits that give them advantages in the particular social setting they have been perceiving.Evidence shows that a male usually raises his investment in sperm after he detects the current or future increase of sperm competition because relative sperm numbers can determine his paternity share.This leads to the wide use of testis size as an index of the sperm competition level,yet testis size does not always reflect sperm production.To date,it is not clear whether male animals fine-tune their resource allocation to sperm production and other traits as a response to social cues during their growth and development.Using a polygamous insect Ephestia kuehniella,we tested whether and how larval social environment affected sperm production,testis size,and body weight.We exposed the male larvae to different juvenile socio-sexual cues and measured these traits.We demonstrate that regardless of sex ratio,group-reared males produced more eupyrenes(fertile and nucleate sperm)but smaller testes than singly reared ones,and that body weight and apyrene(infertile and anucleate sperm)numbers remained the same across treatments.We conclude that the presence of larval social,but not sexual cues is responsible for the increase of eupyrene production and decrease of testis size.We suggest that male larvae increase investment in fertile sperm cells and reduce investment in other testicular tissues in the presence of conspecific juvenile cues.展开更多
基金This work is financially sponsored by Tarim Oilfield“Study on Adaptability Evaluation and Parameter Optimization of Completion Technology in Bozi Block,Tarim Oilfield”(Item Number:201021113436).
文摘The variation of the principal stress of formations with the working and geo-mechanical conditions can trigger wellbore instabilities and adversely affect the well completion.A finite element model,based on the theory of poro-elasticity and the Mohr-Coulomb rock damage criterion,is used here to analyze such a risk.The changes in wellbore stability before and after reservoir acidification are simulated for different pressure differences.The results indicate that the risk of wellbore instability grows with an increase in the production-pressure difference regardless of whether acidification is completed or not;the same is true for the instability area.After acidizing,the changes in the main geomechanical parameters(i.e.,elastic modulus,Poisson’s ratio,and rock strength)cause the maximum wellbore instability coefficient to increase.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403400,2022YFA1403800,and 2019YFA0704900)the Fundamental Science Center of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52088101)+5 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.Z190009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11974394,1217442651271038)the Strategic Priority Research Program(B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)(Grant No.XDB33000000)the Key Research Program of CAS(Grant No.ZDRW-CN-2021-3)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of CAS (Grant No.ZDKYYQ20210003)。
文摘Kagome materials have been studied intensively in condensed matter physics.With rich properties,various Kagome materials emerge during this process.Here,we grew single crystals of Y_(0.5)Fe_(3)Sn_(3)and confirmed an YCo_(6)Ge_(6)-type Kagome-lattice structure by detailed crystal structure characterizations.This compound bears an antiferromagnetic ordering at T_(N)= 551 K,and shows a weak ferromagnetism at low temperatures,where an anomalous Hall effect was observed,suggesting the non-zero Berry curvature.With the unstable antiferromagnetic ground state,our systematic investigations make Y_(0.5)Fe_(3)Sn_(3)a potential Kagome compound for Kagome or topological physics.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1707603,21878008,21625101,and U1507102,21922801)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.2182047 and 2202036)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.XK1802-6,XK1902,12060093063,and 2312018RC07).
文摘Visible-light-driven CO2 photoreduction to achieve renewable materials,such as syngas,hydrocarbons,and alcohols,is a key process that could relieve environmental problems and the energy crisis simultaneously.Reduction of syngas products with diff erent H2:CO proportions is highly expected to produce high value-added chemicals in the industry.However,the development of technologies employing long-wavelength irradiation to achieve CO2 photoreduction and simultaneous tuning of the resultant H2:CO proportion remains a challenging endeavor.In this work,we carried out interfacial engineering by designing a series of heterostructured layered double-hydroxide/MoS2 nanocomposites via electrostatic self-assembly.The syngas proportion(H 2:CO)obtained from CO2 photoreduction could be modulated from 1:1 to 9:1 by visible-light irradiation(λ>400 nm)under the control of the interface-rich heterostructures.This work provides a cost-eff ective strategy for solar-tofuel conversion in an artificial photosynthetic system and describes a novel route to produce syngas with targeted proportions.
文摘Abnormal oil casing pressure appeared in the process of test production of multiple Ultra-Deep Gas Wells in Tarim Basin. The super 13Cr oil pipe string was used to analyze the causes of pipe string failure in view of the oil casing channeling well during the test and blowout period. The construction process of the well was analyzed in detail. Combined with the review of the operation flow and the detection of fracture string material and fracture morphology, the causes of pipe string fracture were analyzed and calculated in detail. Through field investigation, analysis and calculation, it was found that the main cause of cracking of super 13Cr tubing in this well is the decrease of vibration natural frequency caused by excessive fluid velocity in pipe and too long span of pipe string. At the same time, the mixed failure of stress corrosion cracking and stress load interaction occurred in Cl−1 environment and other corrosion environments.
基金supported by a China Scholarship Council-Massey University PhD Scholars Programme(CSC No.201806660018)to J.L.,a Guangxi University Foundation Strengthening Program Postgraduate Overseas Research Project to Y.Z.,a Guangxi Scholarship Fund of Guangxi Education Department to X.-L.Z.,and Massey University Research Funds to Q.W.and X.Z.H.
文摘Male animals often adjust their sperm investment in response to sperm competition environment.To date,only a few studies have investigated how juvenile sociosexual settings affect sperm production before adulthood and sperm allocation during the first mating.Yet,it is unclear whether juvenile sociosexual experience(1)determines lifetime sperm production and allocation in any animal species;(2)alters the eupyrene:apyrene sperm ratio in lifetime ejaculates of any lepidopteran insects,and(3)influences lifetime ejaculation patterns,number of matings and adult longevity.Here we used a polygamous moth,Ephestia kuehniella,to address these questions.Upon male adult emergence from juveniles reared at different density and sex ratio,we paired each male with a virgin female daily until his death.We dissected each mated female to count the sperm transferred and recorded male longevity and lifetime number of matings.We demonstrate for the first time that males ejaculated significantly more eupyrenes and apyrenes in their lifetime after their young were exposed to juvenile rivals.Adult moths continued to produce eupyrene sperm,contradicting the previous predictions for lepidopterans.The eupyrene:apyrene ratio in the lifetime ejaculates remained unchanged in all treatments,suggesting that the sperm ratio is critical for reproductive success.Male juvenile exposure to other juveniles regardless of sex ratio caused significantly shorter adult longevity and faster decline in sperm ejaculation over successive matings.However,males from all treatments achieved similar number of matings in their lifetime.This study provides insight into adaptive resource allocation by males in response to juvenile sociosexual environment.
基金supported by a China Scholarship Council-Massey University PhD Scholars Programme to J.L.(CSC No.201806660018)a Massey University Research Fund to Q.W.(RM22963).
文摘Male animals may adjust their resource allocations for reproduction and other fitness functions in response to cues from rivals. For instance, adult males increase their investment in sperm for a higher paternity share when they perceive sperm competition risk in their surroundings. In nature, both juveniles and adults may coexist spatially and temporally. Yet, it is not clear how juvenile males of different ages respond to cues from adult rivals and fine-tune their lifetime investment in sperm production and ejaculation in any insect. Here we used the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, which produces both fertile eupyrene and infertile apyrene sperm, to explore this question. We demonstrate that the late, but not early, instar larvae are sensitive to adult male cues. As a response, they produce more sperm before emergence and their resultant adults have shorter mating latency and ejaculate more sperm in the first few matings. When the juvenile stage produces more eupyrenes, the adult stops making these sperm, but regardless of the number of apyrenes produced during the juvenile stage, the adult continues to make them. These findings suggest that the number of spermatogonia for eupyrenes may be limited and that for apyrenes may be flexible. Our results show that the insect does not trade off survival, mating frequency, body size, or testis size for sperm production in response to adult males during the larval stage. Knowledge created in the present study offers insight into the stage-dependent sensitivity of juvenile males to cues from adult rivals and subsequent lifetime resource allocations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403400,2019YFA0704900,and 2022YFA1403800)the Fundamental Science Center of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52088101)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974394 and 12174426)the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(Grant No.XDB33000000)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-057)the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(Grant No.SECUF)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of CAS(Grant No.ZDKYYQ20210003).
文摘The kagome lattice system has been identified as a fertile ground for the emergence of a number of new quantumstates,including superconductivity,quantum spin liquids,and topological electronic states.This has attracted significantinterest within the field of condensed matter physics.Here,we present the observation of an anomalous Hall effect in aniron-based kagome antiferromagnet LuFe_(6)Sn_(6),which implies a non-zero Berry curvature in this compound.By means ofextensive magnetic measurements,a high Neel temperature,T_(N)=552 K,and a spin reorientation behavior were identifiedand a simple temperature-field phase diagram was constructed.Furthermore,this compound was found to exhibit a largeSommerfeld coefficient ofγ=87 mJ·mol^(-1)·K^(-2),suggesting the presence of a strong electronic correlation effect.Ourresearch indicates that LuFe_(6)Sn_(6)is an intriguing compound that may exhibit magnetism,strong correlation,and topologicalstates.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Development Program of China(2016YFC1306900 and2016YFC0905002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81573508)+1 种基金the Open Foundation of Innovative Platform in Colleges and University of Hunan Province,China([2015]54)the Clinical Research Fund of Peking University Unamed-Central South University Xiangya Hospital(xywm2015I16)
文摘Antipsychotic-induced weight gain(AIWG) is a common adverse effect of this treatment, particularly with second-generation antipsychotics, and it is a major health problem around the world. We aimed to review the progress of pharmacogenetic studies on AIWG in the Chinese population to compare the results for Chinese with other ethnic populations, identify the limitations and problems of current studies, and provide future research directions in China. Both English and Chinese electronic databases were searched to identify eligible studies. We determined that [ 25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in19 genes have been investigated in association with AIWG in Chinese patients over the past few decades. HTR2 C rs3813929 is the most frequently studied single-nucleotide polymorphism, and it seems to be the most strongly associated with AIWG in the Chinese population. However, many genes that have been reported to be associated with AIWG in other ethnic populations have not beenincluded in Chinese studies. To explain the pharmacogenetic reasons for AIWG in the Chinese population,genome-wide association studies and multiple-center, standard, unified, and large samples are needed.
文摘In spintronics, it is highly desirable to find new materials that can simultaneously possess complete spin-polarization, high-speed conduction electrons, large Curie temperature, and robust ferromagnetic ground states. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that the stable YN2 monolayer with octahedral coordination is a novel p-state Dirac half metal （DHM）, which not only has a fully spin-polarized Dirac state, but also the highest Fermi velocity （3.74×10^5 m/s） of the DHMs reported to date. In addition, its half-metallic gap of 1.53 eV is large enough to prevent the spin-flip transition. Because of the strong nonlocal p orbitals of N atoms （N-p） direct exchange interaction, the Curie temperature reaches over 332 K. Moreover, its ferromagnetic ground state can be well preserved under carrier doping or external strain. Therefore, the YN2 monolayer is a promising DHM for high-speed spintronic devices and would lead to new opportunities in designing other p-state DHMs.
文摘The present paper focuses on the regulations on private supplementary tutoring,which in China is widely called Xiaowai Peixun(校外培训).Although much previous international literature has mostly focused on tutoring in academic subjects,tutoring in non-academic ones such as piano and painting has become popular in China and is also seen as educational investment by families.To fit this context,the present paper adopts a definition of private tutoring covering tutoring in both academic and non-academic subjects.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Programs(2016YFC1306900 and 2017ZX09304014,China)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81573508,81874327,81773823,81803640 and 82073943,China)+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(2018zzts251,China)The StrategyOriented Special Project of Central South University in China(ZLXD2017003)Youth Science Foundation of Xiangya Hospital,Central South University(2017Q02,China)Hunan Cancer Hospital Climb Plan(YF2020011,China)。
文摘To explore the pharmacogenomic markers that affect the platinum-based chemotherapy response in non-small-cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC),we performed a two-cohort of genome-wide association studies(GWAS),including 34 for WES-based and 433 for microarray-based analyses,as well as two independent validation cohorts.After integrating the results of two studies,the genetic variations related to the platinum-based chemotherapy response were further determined by fine-mapping in 838 samples,and their potential functional impact were investigated by eQTL analysis and in vitro cell experiments.We found that a total of 68 variations were significant at P<1×10^(-3)in cohort 1 discovery stage,of which 3 SNPs were verified in 262 independent samples.A total of541 SNPs were significant at P<1×10^(-4)in cohort 2 discovery stage,of which 8 SNPs were verified in 347 independent samples.Comparing the validated SNPs in two GWAS,ADCY1 gene was verified in both independent studies.The results of fine-mapping showed that the G allele carriers of ADCY1rs2280496 and C allele carriers of rs189178649 were more likely to be resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy.In conclusion,our study found that rs2280496 and rs189178649 in ADCY1 gene were associated the sensitivity of platinum-based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients.
文摘Purpose:Private supplementary tutoring has been increasingly used by parents as part of wider strategies to assist their children’s education careers in China.With a theoretical lens of parentocracy,this article aimed to investigate the influential parental factors underlying the demand for private tutoring,focusing on parents’socioeconomic resources and attitudes toward education.Design/Approach/Methods:This article drew upon data from the 2014 iteration of the China Family Panel Studies.Structural equation modeling(SEM)analysis was employed to explore the influences of parental factors.Findings:The SEM analysis confirmed that parental income,education,and aspirations on children’s education had both direct and indirect positive effects through the mediating factor of role construction on demand for tutoring.A multiple-group analysis was further conducted,and the difference in the patterns for urban and rural parents was explored.Parental occupation had no impact on demand for tutoring for rural parents but had both direct and indirect effects for urban parents.Both direct and indirect effects of household income on demand for tutoring were greater for urban parents than for rural parents.Originality/Value:This article examined the direct and indirect influences of parental factors on demand for private tutoring and explored the differences in patterns for urban and rural parents in a quantitative way.Findings have implications for education inequality.
基金This work was supported by a China Scholarship Council-Massey University PhD Scholars Programme(CSC No.201806660018)。
文摘Socio-sexual environment can have critical impacts on reproduction and survival of animals.Consequently,they need to prepare themselves by allocating more resources to competitive traits that give them advantages in the particular social setting they have been perceiving.Evidence shows that a male usually raises his investment in sperm after he detects the current or future increase of sperm competition because relative sperm numbers can determine his paternity share.This leads to the wide use of testis size as an index of the sperm competition level,yet testis size does not always reflect sperm production.To date,it is not clear whether male animals fine-tune their resource allocation to sperm production and other traits as a response to social cues during their growth and development.Using a polygamous insect Ephestia kuehniella,we tested whether and how larval social environment affected sperm production,testis size,and body weight.We exposed the male larvae to different juvenile socio-sexual cues and measured these traits.We demonstrate that regardless of sex ratio,group-reared males produced more eupyrenes(fertile and nucleate sperm)but smaller testes than singly reared ones,and that body weight and apyrene(infertile and anucleate sperm)numbers remained the same across treatments.We conclude that the presence of larval social,but not sexual cues is responsible for the increase of eupyrene production and decrease of testis size.We suggest that male larvae increase investment in fertile sperm cells and reduce investment in other testicular tissues in the presence of conspecific juvenile cues.
