共愉,释放建筑的自由

本期以“共愉的风景”为题,由“AT建筑”春日台中心品鉴,展开金野千惠和其他7组日本青年建筑师思考与实践的呈现。基于此,本期客座主编郭屹民联合王骏阳教授特别采访了春日台中心的设计者金野千惠,就日本年轻一代建筑师如何思考当下社会情境下的建筑实践方向,如何释放建筑以自由,以及对建筑师身份的反思等话题进行了探讨,既是对本期8组日本青年建筑师的不同创作视角的背景阐释,也是向当下中国青年建筑师及更多实践者展开视野与提供参考。

Suppressing transition metal dissolution and deposition in lithium-ion batteries using oxide solid electrolyte coated polymer separator

The dissolution of transition metal(TM)cations from oxide cathodes and the subsequent migration and deposition on the anode lead to the deconstruction of cathode materials and uncontrollable growth of solid electrode interphase(SEI).The above issues have been considered as main causes for the performance degradation of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this work,we reported that the solid oxide electrolyte Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3(LATP)coating on polyethylene(PE)polymer separator can largely block the TM dissolution and deposition in LIBs.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),second ion mass spectroscopy(SIMS),and Raman spectroscopy characterizations reveal that the granular surface of the LATP coating layer is converted to a dense morphology due to the reduction of LATP at discharge process.The as-formed dense surface layer can effectively hinder the TM deposition on the anode electrode and inhibit the TM dissolution from the cathode electrode.As a result,both the LiCoO2/SiO-graphite and LiMn2O4/SiO-graphite cells using LATP coated PE separator show substantially enhanced cycle performances compared with those cells with Al2O3 coated PE separator.

Influence of carbon coating on the electrochemical performance of SiO@C/graphite composite anode materials

Silicon monoxide(SiO) has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials for next generation highenergy-density Li-ion batteries(LiBs) thanks to its high theoretical capacity. However, the poor intrinsic electronic conductivity and large volume change during lithium intercalation/de-intercalation restrict its practical applications. Fabrication of SiO/C composites is an effective way to overcome these problems. Herein, a series of micro-sized SiO@C/graphite(Si0@C/G) composite anode materials, with designed capacity of 600 mAh·g-1, are successfully prepared through a pitch pyrolysis reaction method. The electrochemical performance of SiO@C/G composite anodes with different carbon coating contents of 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 35 wt% is investigated. The results show that the SiO@C/G composite with15-wt% carbon coating content exhibits the best cycle performance, with a high capacity retention of 90.7% at 25℃ and90.1% at 45 0 C after 100 cycles in full cells with LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 as cathodes. The scanning electron microscope(SEM) and electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy(EIS) results suggest that a moderate carbon coating layer can promote the formation of stable SEI film, which is favorable for maintaining good interfacial conductivity and thus enhancing the cycling stability of SiO electrode.

退役安置改革与退役军人事务机构的职能运作研究

退役军人事务机构的成立在形式上整合了原分置于民政和人社部门的退役安置职能,但在具体运作上与统筹负责军转干部和退伍士兵相关工作的既定目标仍存在一定差距。产生该问题的根源并不仅限于机构层面,尤其存在于整个退役安置工作体系,有其深刻的社会政治经济背景。退役安置作为国家制度体系的一个重要组成部分,在推动国防现代化和地方干部体系更新的同时,也面临越来越多的矛盾与张力。一方面,计划式安置与社会经济的日益市场化和专业化之间不相适应,央地之间在安置成本分担上存在矛盾,加之长期以来形成的权宜的安置政策、分立的管理体制与原籍安置的原则,这些都基础性地规定着退役安置工作的历史与结构场域;另一方面,现实层面的党政双重与归口管理的领导体制构成了退役部门运作的基本制度背景,这些历史与现实、结构与政策方面的内容都深层次地制约着新设退役部门的职能履行。本着从整个退役安置工作体系来理解和改进退役军人事务机构的设想,基于国防义务均衡负担的原则,从长远看,应研拟整合性更强的退役军人权益保障框架与方向,考虑整合类型多元的退役身份,以保证退役政策的连续性和公正性。近期看,可以调整中央-军队-地方三者之间的关系,使福利保障体系多元化,切实为地方纾解安置压力。

Injectable peptide hydrogel as intraperitoneal triptolide depot for the treatment of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma

Chemotherapy is among the limited choices approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) at intermediate and advanced stages. Preferential and prolonged drug exposure in diseased sites is required to maximize the therapeutic index of the drug. Here, we report an injectable supramolecular peptide hydrogel as an intraperitoneal depot for localized and sustained release of triptolide for the treatment of orthotopic HCC. We chose peptide amphiphile C16-GNNQQNYKD-OH-based nanofibers as gelators and carriers for triptolide. Sustained triptolide release from the hydrogel was achieved over 14 days in vitro, with higher accumulation in and cytotoxicity against human HCC Bel-7402 in comparison with L-02 fetal hepatocytes. After intraperitoneal injection, the hydrogel showed prolonged retention over 13 days and preferential accumulation in the liver, realizing HCC growth inhibition by99.7 ± 0.1% and animal median survival extension from 19 to 43 days, without causing noticeable pathological changes in the major organs. These results demonstrate that injectable peptide hydrogel can be a potential carrier for localized chemotherapy of HCC.

A functional missense variant in ITIH3 affects protein expression and neurodevelopment and confers schizophrenia risk in the Han Chinese population

The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium(PGC)has recently identified 10 potential functional coding variants for schizophrenia.However,how these coding variants confer schizophrenia risk remains largely unknown.Here,we investigate the associations between eight potential functional coding variants identified by PGC and schizophrenia in a large Han Chinese sample(n=4022 cases and 9270 controls).Among the eight tested single nucelotide polymorphisms(SNPs),rs3617(a missense variant,p.K315 Q in the ITIH3 gene)showed genome-wide significant association with schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population(P=8.36×10-16),with the same risk allele as in PGC.Interestingly,rs3617 is located in a genomic region that is highly evolutionarily conserved,and its schizophrenia risk allele(C allele)was associated with lower ITIH3 mRNA and protein expression.Intriguingly,mouse neural stem cells stably overexpressing ITIH3 with different alleles of rs3617 exhibited significant differences in proliferation,migration,and differentiation,suggesting the impact of rs3617 on neurodevelopment.Subsequent transcriptome analysis found that the differentially expressed genes in neural stem cells stably overexpressing different alleles of rs3617 were significantly enriched in schizophrenia-related pathways,including cell adhesion,synapse assembly,MAPK and PI3 K-AKT pathways.Our study provides convergent lines of evidence suggesting that rs3617 in ITIH3 likely affects protein function and neurodevelopment and thereby confers risk of schizophrenia.

Structure,tribological properties,and the growth mechanism of in-situ generated TiC in titanium cermet

Titanium cermet combining metallic toughness with ceramic wear resistance has been proven to be a potential candidate for implanted joint material.In this work,titanium cermet was synthesized by means of the elevated temperature solid carburizing technology.The Ti_(13)Nb_(13)Zr alloy surface was found to be converted into TiC ceramic layer combined with a carbon strengthened diffusion zone underneath.The overall thickness of the carburized region grew to about 100 um after 120 min carburization at 1,500 K.In order to clarify the growth behaviors of TiC ceramic layer,a growth mechanism is proposed.At the beginning of carburizing process,carbonaceous gas decomposed from carburizer due to high temperature and then converted to free atomic carbons through reduction reaction.Then,in-situ generated TiC ceramic layer possessing certain thickness formed on the surface,meanwhile,the inner carbon diffusion zone also grew inwards due to physical diffusion of carbon,and finally forming a gradient carbon distribution.In addition,the tribological behaviors of the new materials were evaluated through reciprocating ball-on-plate sliding wear tests in bovine calf serum.Although there was an increase in friction coefficient,the wear rate decreased by 59.6%due to the formation of the wear-resistant TiC ceramic layer.The wear mechanisms evolved from severe abrasive wear for bare Ti_(13)Nb_(13)Zr alloy to mild adhesive wear for titanium cermet.