The dissolution of transition metal(TM)cations from oxide cathodes and the subsequent migration and deposition on the anode lead to the deconstruction of cathode materials and uncontrollable growth of solid electrode ...The dissolution of transition metal(TM)cations from oxide cathodes and the subsequent migration and deposition on the anode lead to the deconstruction of cathode materials and uncontrollable growth of solid electrode interphase(SEI).The above issues have been considered as main causes for the performance degradation of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this work,we reported that the solid oxide electrolyte Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3(LATP)coating on polyethylene(PE)polymer separator can largely block the TM dissolution and deposition in LIBs.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),second ion mass spectroscopy(SIMS),and Raman spectroscopy characterizations reveal that the granular surface of the LATP coating layer is converted to a dense morphology due to the reduction of LATP at discharge process.The as-formed dense surface layer can effectively hinder the TM deposition on the anode electrode and inhibit the TM dissolution from the cathode electrode.As a result,both the LiCoO2/SiO-graphite and LiMn2O4/SiO-graphite cells using LATP coated PE separator show substantially enhanced cycle performances compared with those cells with Al2O3 coated PE separator.展开更多
Silicon monoxide(SiO) has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials for next generation highenergy-density Li-ion batteries(LiBs) thanks to its high theoretical capacity. However, the poor intrinsic...Silicon monoxide(SiO) has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials for next generation highenergy-density Li-ion batteries(LiBs) thanks to its high theoretical capacity. However, the poor intrinsic electronic conductivity and large volume change during lithium intercalation/de-intercalation restrict its practical applications. Fabrication of SiO/C composites is an effective way to overcome these problems. Herein, a series of micro-sized SiO@C/graphite(Si0@C/G) composite anode materials, with designed capacity of 600 mAh·g-1, are successfully prepared through a pitch pyrolysis reaction method. The electrochemical performance of SiO@C/G composite anodes with different carbon coating contents of 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 35 wt% is investigated. The results show that the SiO@C/G composite with15-wt% carbon coating content exhibits the best cycle performance, with a high capacity retention of 90.7% at 25℃ and90.1% at 45 0 C after 100 cycles in full cells with LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 as cathodes. The scanning electron microscope(SEM) and electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy(EIS) results suggest that a moderate carbon coating layer can promote the formation of stable SEI film, which is favorable for maintaining good interfacial conductivity and thus enhancing the cycling stability of SiO electrode.展开更多
Chemotherapy is among the limited choices approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) at intermediate and advanced stages. Preferential and prolonged drug exposure in diseased sites is required to maxi...Chemotherapy is among the limited choices approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) at intermediate and advanced stages. Preferential and prolonged drug exposure in diseased sites is required to maximize the therapeutic index of the drug. Here, we report an injectable supramolecular peptide hydrogel as an intraperitoneal depot for localized and sustained release of triptolide for the treatment of orthotopic HCC. We chose peptide amphiphile C16-GNNQQNYKD-OH-based nanofibers as gelators and carriers for triptolide. Sustained triptolide release from the hydrogel was achieved over 14 days in vitro, with higher accumulation in and cytotoxicity against human HCC Bel-7402 in comparison with L-02 fetal hepatocytes. After intraperitoneal injection, the hydrogel showed prolonged retention over 13 days and preferential accumulation in the liver, realizing HCC growth inhibition by99.7 ± 0.1% and animal median survival extension from 19 to 43 days, without causing noticeable pathological changes in the major organs. These results demonstrate that injectable peptide hydrogel can be a potential carrier for localized chemotherapy of HCC.展开更多
The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium(PGC)has recently identified 10 potential functional coding variants for schizophrenia.However,how these coding variants confer schizophrenia risk remains largely unknown.Here,we inv...The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium(PGC)has recently identified 10 potential functional coding variants for schizophrenia.However,how these coding variants confer schizophrenia risk remains largely unknown.Here,we investigate the associations between eight potential functional coding variants identified by PGC and schizophrenia in a large Han Chinese sample(n=4022 cases and 9270 controls).Among the eight tested single nucelotide polymorphisms(SNPs),rs3617(a missense variant,p.K315 Q in the ITIH3 gene)showed genome-wide significant association with schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population(P=8.36×10-16),with the same risk allele as in PGC.Interestingly,rs3617 is located in a genomic region that is highly evolutionarily conserved,and its schizophrenia risk allele(C allele)was associated with lower ITIH3 mRNA and protein expression.Intriguingly,mouse neural stem cells stably overexpressing ITIH3 with different alleles of rs3617 exhibited significant differences in proliferation,migration,and differentiation,suggesting the impact of rs3617 on neurodevelopment.Subsequent transcriptome analysis found that the differentially expressed genes in neural stem cells stably overexpressing different alleles of rs3617 were significantly enriched in schizophrenia-related pathways,including cell adhesion,synapse assembly,MAPK and PI3 K-AKT pathways.Our study provides convergent lines of evidence suggesting that rs3617 in ITIH3 likely affects protein function and neurodevelopment and thereby confers risk of schizophrenia.展开更多
Titanium cermet combining metallic toughness with ceramic wear resistance has been proven to be a potential candidate for implanted joint material.In this work,titanium cermet was synthesized by means of the elevated ...Titanium cermet combining metallic toughness with ceramic wear resistance has been proven to be a potential candidate for implanted joint material.In this work,titanium cermet was synthesized by means of the elevated temperature solid carburizing technology.The Ti_(13)Nb_(13)Zr alloy surface was found to be converted into TiC ceramic layer combined with a carbon strengthened diffusion zone underneath.The overall thickness of the carburized region grew to about 100 um after 120 min carburization at 1,500 K.In order to clarify the growth behaviors of TiC ceramic layer,a growth mechanism is proposed.At the beginning of carburizing process,carbonaceous gas decomposed from carburizer due to high temperature and then converted to free atomic carbons through reduction reaction.Then,in-situ generated TiC ceramic layer possessing certain thickness formed on the surface,meanwhile,the inner carbon diffusion zone also grew inwards due to physical diffusion of carbon,and finally forming a gradient carbon distribution.In addition,the tribological behaviors of the new materials were evaluated through reciprocating ball-on-plate sliding wear tests in bovine calf serum.Although there was an increase in friction coefficient,the wear rate decreased by 59.6%due to the formation of the wear-resistant TiC ceramic layer.The wear mechanisms evolved from severe abrasive wear for bare Ti_(13)Nb_(13)Zr alloy to mild adhesive wear for titanium cermet.展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB0100100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51822211,U1932220,U1964205,and U19A2018).
文摘The dissolution of transition metal(TM)cations from oxide cathodes and the subsequent migration and deposition on the anode lead to the deconstruction of cathode materials and uncontrollable growth of solid electrode interphase(SEI).The above issues have been considered as main causes for the performance degradation of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this work,we reported that the solid oxide electrolyte Li1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3(LATP)coating on polyethylene(PE)polymer separator can largely block the TM dissolution and deposition in LIBs.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),second ion mass spectroscopy(SIMS),and Raman spectroscopy characterizations reveal that the granular surface of the LATP coating layer is converted to a dense morphology due to the reduction of LATP at discharge process.The as-formed dense surface layer can effectively hinder the TM deposition on the anode electrode and inhibit the TM dissolution from the cathode electrode.As a result,both the LiCoO2/SiO-graphite and LiMn2O4/SiO-graphite cells using LATP coated PE separator show substantially enhanced cycle performances compared with those cells with Al2O3 coated PE separator.
基金Project supported by the State Grid Technology Project,China(study on the mechanism and characterization of lithium dendrite growth in lithium ion batteries,Project No.DG71-17-010)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0102004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51822211)
文摘Silicon monoxide(SiO) has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials for next generation highenergy-density Li-ion batteries(LiBs) thanks to its high theoretical capacity. However, the poor intrinsic electronic conductivity and large volume change during lithium intercalation/de-intercalation restrict its practical applications. Fabrication of SiO/C composites is an effective way to overcome these problems. Herein, a series of micro-sized SiO@C/graphite(Si0@C/G) composite anode materials, with designed capacity of 600 mAh·g-1, are successfully prepared through a pitch pyrolysis reaction method. The electrochemical performance of SiO@C/G composite anodes with different carbon coating contents of 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 35 wt% is investigated. The results show that the SiO@C/G composite with15-wt% carbon coating content exhibits the best cycle performance, with a high capacity retention of 90.7% at 25℃ and90.1% at 45 0 C after 100 cycles in full cells with LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 as cathodes. The scanning electron microscope(SEM) and electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy(EIS) results suggest that a moderate carbon coating layer can promote the formation of stable SEI film, which is favorable for maintaining good interfacial conductivity and thus enhancing the cycling stability of SiO electrode.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81690265, 31870995, 81671808 and 81630052)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2017335, China)SA-SIBS Scholarship Program for financial support (China)
文摘Chemotherapy is among the limited choices approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) at intermediate and advanced stages. Preferential and prolonged drug exposure in diseased sites is required to maximize the therapeutic index of the drug. Here, we report an injectable supramolecular peptide hydrogel as an intraperitoneal depot for localized and sustained release of triptolide for the treatment of orthotopic HCC. We chose peptide amphiphile C16-GNNQQNYKD-OH-based nanofibers as gelators and carriers for triptolide. Sustained triptolide release from the hydrogel was achieved over 14 days in vitro, with higher accumulation in and cytotoxicity against human HCC Bel-7402 in comparison with L-02 fetal hepatocytes. After intraperitoneal injection, the hydrogel showed prolonged retention over 13 days and preferential accumulation in the liver, realizing HCC growth inhibition by99.7 ± 0.1% and animal median survival extension from 19 to 43 days, without causing noticeable pathological changes in the major organs. These results demonstrate that injectable peptide hydrogel can be a potential carrier for localized chemotherapy of HCC.
基金equally supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China of China(31970561 and 31722029 to X.J.L.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Stem Cell and Translational Research)(2016YFA0100900)+1 种基金the Innovative Research Team of Science and Technology department of Yunnan Province(2019HC004)the Key Research Project of Yunnan Province(2017FA008 to X.-J.L.)。
文摘The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium(PGC)has recently identified 10 potential functional coding variants for schizophrenia.However,how these coding variants confer schizophrenia risk remains largely unknown.Here,we investigate the associations between eight potential functional coding variants identified by PGC and schizophrenia in a large Han Chinese sample(n=4022 cases and 9270 controls).Among the eight tested single nucelotide polymorphisms(SNPs),rs3617(a missense variant,p.K315 Q in the ITIH3 gene)showed genome-wide significant association with schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population(P=8.36×10-16),with the same risk allele as in PGC.Interestingly,rs3617 is located in a genomic region that is highly evolutionarily conserved,and its schizophrenia risk allele(C allele)was associated with lower ITIH3 mRNA and protein expression.Intriguingly,mouse neural stem cells stably overexpressing ITIH3 with different alleles of rs3617 exhibited significant differences in proliferation,migration,and differentiation,suggesting the impact of rs3617 on neurodevelopment.Subsequent transcriptome analysis found that the differentially expressed genes in neural stem cells stably overexpressing different alleles of rs3617 were significantly enriched in schizophrenia-related pathways,including cell adhesion,synapse assembly,MAPK and PI3 K-AKT pathways.Our study provides convergent lines of evidence suggesting that rs3617 in ITIH3 likely affects protein function and neurodevelopment and thereby confers risk of schizophrenia.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51875563,51575514,and 51911530200)the Tribology Science Fund of State Key Laboratory of Tribology(No.SKLTKF19A03).
文摘Titanium cermet combining metallic toughness with ceramic wear resistance has been proven to be a potential candidate for implanted joint material.In this work,titanium cermet was synthesized by means of the elevated temperature solid carburizing technology.The Ti_(13)Nb_(13)Zr alloy surface was found to be converted into TiC ceramic layer combined with a carbon strengthened diffusion zone underneath.The overall thickness of the carburized region grew to about 100 um after 120 min carburization at 1,500 K.In order to clarify the growth behaviors of TiC ceramic layer,a growth mechanism is proposed.At the beginning of carburizing process,carbonaceous gas decomposed from carburizer due to high temperature and then converted to free atomic carbons through reduction reaction.Then,in-situ generated TiC ceramic layer possessing certain thickness formed on the surface,meanwhile,the inner carbon diffusion zone also grew inwards due to physical diffusion of carbon,and finally forming a gradient carbon distribution.In addition,the tribological behaviors of the new materials were evaluated through reciprocating ball-on-plate sliding wear tests in bovine calf serum.Although there was an increase in friction coefficient,the wear rate decreased by 59.6%due to the formation of the wear-resistant TiC ceramic layer.The wear mechanisms evolved from severe abrasive wear for bare Ti_(13)Nb_(13)Zr alloy to mild adhesive wear for titanium cermet.