The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has had a tremendous adverse impact on the global health system,public sector,and social aspects.It is unarguably the worst pandemic of the century.However,COVID-19 manag...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has had a tremendous adverse impact on the global health system,public sector,and social aspects.It is unarguably the worst pandemic of the century.However,COVID-19 management is a mystery in front of us,and an authentic treatment is urgently needed.Various repurposed drugs,like ivermectin,remdesivir,tocilizumab,baricitinib,etc.,have been used to treat COVID-19,but none are promising.Antibody therapy and their combinations are emerging modalities for treating moderate COVID-19,and they have shown the potential to reduce hospitalisations.One antibody monotherapy,bamlanivimab,and two cocktails,casirivimab/imdevimab and bamlanivimab/esterivimab,have received authorization for emergency use by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of mild COVID-19 in high risk individuals.The European Emergency has made similar recommendations for use of the drug in COVID-19 patients without oxygen therapy.This brief review will focus on monoclonal antibodies and their combination cocktail therapy in managing COVID-19 infection.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection is unequivocally the worst crisis in recent decades,which is caused by a severe acute respiratory virus 2.Currently,there is no effective therapy for the COVID-19 infection....Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection is unequivocally the worst crisis in recent decades,which is caused by a severe acute respiratory virus 2.Currently,there is no effective therapy for the COVID-19 infection.Different countries have different guidelines for treating COVID-19 in the absence of an approved therapy for COVID-19.Therefore,there is an imminent need to identify effective treatments,and several clinical trials have been conducted worldwide.Both hydroxychloroquine[HCQS],chloroquine,and azithromycin(AZ)have been widely used for management based on in vitro studies favoring antiviral effects against the COVID-19 virus.However,there is evidence both in favor and against the use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin(HCQS+AZ)combination therapy to manage the COVID-19 infection.The combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was significantly associated with increased adverse events.However,the inference of these findings was from observational studies.Therefore,large randomized trials are imperative to show the future path for the use of HCQS+AZ combination therapy.However,owing to the ban on HCQS use in COVID-19,this may no longer be essential.This review is on the pharmacology,trials,regimens,and side effects of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combination therapy.展开更多
Background: Multimodality management of osteosarcoma has significantly improved the 5-year-survival rate for localized disease over the past 40 years: from 5% - 10% (in historical controls) to 65% - 75% and 20% - 30% ...Background: Multimodality management of osteosarcoma has significantly improved the 5-year-survival rate for localized disease over the past 40 years: from 5% - 10% (in historical controls) to 65% - 75% and 20% - 30% in metastatic disease. These results were achieved with doxorubicin, cisplatin, high-dose methotrexate and ifosfamide (or cyclophosphamide). In the absence of new and effective agents the results have remained stationary for at least the past 30 years. No standard second line therapy exists for patients who relapse. In these circumstances surgery when feasible, constitutes the main therapeutic option. Questions/Purposes: To understand the present approach to therapy and determine the possibilities for improvement a review of the chemotherapeutic agents currently deployed in the treatment of Osteosarcoma was undertaken. Methods: The review focused on the results achieved with the evolution of therapy following the discovery of effective chemotherapeutic agents. Results: There was an improvement in survival during the first decade following the introduction of effective chemotherapy and limb salvage replaced amputation in the majority of patients. Attempts to rescue pulmonary metastases patients with surgical intervention were also enhanced but produced only minor improvement in survival. An international collaborative study, EURAMOS has been launched to investigate the utility of neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic agents in improving survival based upon their efficacy in the treatment of the primary tumor. Conclusions: New agents and or new strategies are urgently required to improve the outcome in Osteosarcoma.展开更多
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has had a tremendous adverse impact on the global health system,public sector,and social aspects.It is unarguably the worst pandemic of the century.However,COVID-19 management is a mystery in front of us,and an authentic treatment is urgently needed.Various repurposed drugs,like ivermectin,remdesivir,tocilizumab,baricitinib,etc.,have been used to treat COVID-19,but none are promising.Antibody therapy and their combinations are emerging modalities for treating moderate COVID-19,and they have shown the potential to reduce hospitalisations.One antibody monotherapy,bamlanivimab,and two cocktails,casirivimab/imdevimab and bamlanivimab/esterivimab,have received authorization for emergency use by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of mild COVID-19 in high risk individuals.The European Emergency has made similar recommendations for use of the drug in COVID-19 patients without oxygen therapy.This brief review will focus on monoclonal antibodies and their combination cocktail therapy in managing COVID-19 infection.
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection is unequivocally the worst crisis in recent decades,which is caused by a severe acute respiratory virus 2.Currently,there is no effective therapy for the COVID-19 infection.Different countries have different guidelines for treating COVID-19 in the absence of an approved therapy for COVID-19.Therefore,there is an imminent need to identify effective treatments,and several clinical trials have been conducted worldwide.Both hydroxychloroquine[HCQS],chloroquine,and azithromycin(AZ)have been widely used for management based on in vitro studies favoring antiviral effects against the COVID-19 virus.However,there is evidence both in favor and against the use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin(HCQS+AZ)combination therapy to manage the COVID-19 infection.The combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was significantly associated with increased adverse events.However,the inference of these findings was from observational studies.Therefore,large randomized trials are imperative to show the future path for the use of HCQS+AZ combination therapy.However,owing to the ban on HCQS use in COVID-19,this may no longer be essential.This review is on the pharmacology,trials,regimens,and side effects of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combination therapy.
文摘Background: Multimodality management of osteosarcoma has significantly improved the 5-year-survival rate for localized disease over the past 40 years: from 5% - 10% (in historical controls) to 65% - 75% and 20% - 30% in metastatic disease. These results were achieved with doxorubicin, cisplatin, high-dose methotrexate and ifosfamide (or cyclophosphamide). In the absence of new and effective agents the results have remained stationary for at least the past 30 years. No standard second line therapy exists for patients who relapse. In these circumstances surgery when feasible, constitutes the main therapeutic option. Questions/Purposes: To understand the present approach to therapy and determine the possibilities for improvement a review of the chemotherapeutic agents currently deployed in the treatment of Osteosarcoma was undertaken. Methods: The review focused on the results achieved with the evolution of therapy following the discovery of effective chemotherapeutic agents. Results: There was an improvement in survival during the first decade following the introduction of effective chemotherapy and limb salvage replaced amputation in the majority of patients. Attempts to rescue pulmonary metastases patients with surgical intervention were also enhanced but produced only minor improvement in survival. An international collaborative study, EURAMOS has been launched to investigate the utility of neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic agents in improving survival based upon their efficacy in the treatment of the primary tumor. Conclusions: New agents and or new strategies are urgently required to improve the outcome in Osteosarcoma.
