On neutrino Oscillations and Predicting the 125 GEV Two Photon Emission State from p-p Collisions Based on the 5D Homogeneous Space-Time Projection Model

Previously the 5D homogeneous space-time metric was introduced with explicitly given projection operators in matrix form which map the 5D space-time manifold into a Lorentzian space-time. Based on this projection model, vector field and spinor solutions are found to be expressible in terms of SU(2)xL and SU(3)xL, where L is the 4D Lorentz space-time group. The spinor solutions give the SU(2) leptonic states arising from space-time projection, whereas the SU(3) representation arises from conformal projection and gives the quarks, and due to gauge requirement leads to mesons and baryons. This process of mapping the 5D space-time manifold into the 4D space-time is at the basis of an analysis of the recent CERN experimental results, the presence of neutrino oscillations and the observed 125 GeV resonance in the p-p collisions, respectively. In fact, it is found that the spinor solution contains an oscillating phase, and the 125 GeV resonance is shown to be predictable, thereby 1) eliminating the need to introduce a Higgs vacuum, and 2) can be shown possibly to be an indicator for a missing heavy baryon octet.

5D Model Theory for the Creating of Life Forms

Based on the Fermat’s Last Theorem and the Po, P1 projections from the 4th space coordinate to the time variable for Po and to the remaining 3D space variables for P1, the carbon 12 nucleus is shown explicitly as given by the hard-sphere dense packing model that also satisfies the Gell-Mann standard model. It is through these that C12 is a vital element in all biomaterials, and all proteins as well as the Nitrogenous bases in DNAs, are of hexagon geometric structures. Furthermore, the unique presence of a 3D × 1D space void within the C12 nucleus provides for the monopole Boson field tunneling to occur, giving rise to the enormous variety spectra in the DNA of life forms. In addition, on the surface of the bio cells, the carbon valence band p electron excitation into the empty conduction band separated by a bandgap G, can result in HTC Excitonic induced superconductivity binding gaps from the Excitonic spectra, which match part of those of the DNA and thus produce the self-grow mechanism of numerous different cells in a life form.

Origin of Magnetic Fields of Stellar Objects in the Universe Based on the 5D Projection Theory

Beginning with a 5D homogeneous universe [1], we have provided a plausible explanation of the self-rotation phenomenon of stellar objects previously with illustration of large number of star samples [2], via a 5D-4D projection. The origin of such rotation is the balance of the angular momenta of stars and that of positive and negative charged e-trino pairs, within a 3D ⊗1D?void of the stellar object, the existence of which is based on conservation/parity laws in physics if one starts with homogeneous 5D universe. While the in-phase e-trino pairs are proposed to be responsible for the generation of angular momentum, the anti-phase but oppositely charge pairs necessarily produce currents. In the 5D to 4D projection, one space variable in the 5D manifold was compacted to zero in most other 5D theories (including theories of Kaluza-Klein and Einstein [3] [4]). We have demonstrated, using the Fermat’s Last Theorem [5], that for validity of gauge invariance at the 4D-5D boundary, the 4th space variable in the 5D manifold is mapped into two current rings at both magnetic poles as required by Perelman entropy mapping;these loops are the origin of the dipolar magnetic field. One conclusion we draw is that there is no gravitational singularity, and hence no black holes in the universe, a result strongly supported by the recent discovery of many stars with masses well greater than 100 solar mass [6] [7] [8], without trace of phenomena observed (such as strong gamma and X ray emissions), which are supposed to be associated with black holes. We analyze the properties of such loop currents on the 4D-5D boundary, where Maxwell equations are valid. We derive explicit expressions for the dipolar fields over the whole temperature range. We then compare our prediction with measured surface magnetic fields of many stars. Since there is coupling in distribution between the in-phase and anti-phase pairs of e-trinos, the generated mag-netic field is directly related to the angular momentum, leading to the result that the magnetic field can be expressible in terms of only the mechanical variables (mass M, radius R, rotation period P)of a star, as if Maxwell equations are “hidden”. An explanation for the occurrence of this “un-expected result” is provided in Section (7.6). Therefore we provide satisfactory answers to a number of “mysteries” of magnetism in astrophysics such as the “Magnetic Bode’s Relation/Law” [9] and the experimental finding that B-P graph in the log-log plot is linear. Moreover, we have developed a new method for studying the relations among the data (M, R, P) during stellar evolution. Ten groups of stellar objects, effectively over 2000 samples are used in various parts of the analysis. We also explain the emergence of huge magnetic field in very old stars like White Dwarfs in terms of formation of 2D Semion state on stellar surface and release of magnetic flux as magnetic storms upon changing the 2D state back to 3D structure. Moreover, we provide an explanation, on the ground of the 5D theory, for the detection of extremely weak fields in Venus and Mars and the asymmetric distribution of magnetic field on the Martian surface. We predict the equatorial fields B of the newly discovered Trappist-1 star and the 6 nearest planets. The log B?−?log P graph for the 6 planets is linear and they satisfy the Magnetic Bode’s relation. Based on the above analysis, we have discovered several new laws of stellar magnetism, which are summarized in Section (7.6).

On the Origin of Mass and Angular Momentum of Stellar Objects

The consequence of the 5D projection theory [1] is extended beyond the Gell-Mann Standard Model for hadrons to cover astronomical objects and galaxies. The proof of Poincare conjecture by Pe-relman’s differential geometrical techniques led us to the consequence that charged massless spinors reside in a 5D void of a galactic core, represented by either an open 5D core or a closed, time frozen, 3D × 1D space structure, embedded in massive structural stellar objects such as stars and planets. The open galactic core is obtained from Ricci Flow mapping. There exist in phase, in plane rotating massless spinors within these void cores, and are responsible for 1) the outward spiral motion of stars in the galaxy in the open core, and 2) self rotations of the massive stellar objects. It is noted that another set of eigen states pertaining to the massless charged spinor pairs rotating out of phase in 1D (out of the 5D manifold) also exist and will generate a relatively weak magnetic field out of the void core. For stars and planets, it forms the intrinsic dipole field. Due to the existence of a homogeneous 5D manifold from which we believe the universe evolves, the angular momentum arising from the rotation of the in-phase spinor pairs is proposed to be counter-balanced by the rotation of the matter in the surrounding Lorentz domain, so as to conserve net zero angular momentum. Explicit expression for this total angular momentum in terms of a number of convergent series is derived for the totally enclosed void case/core, forming in general the structure of a star or a planet. It is shown that the variables/parameters in the Lorentz space-time domain for these stellar objects involve the object’s mass M, the object’s Radius R, period of rotation P, and the 5D void radius Ro, together with the Fermi energy Ef and temperature T of the massless charged spinors residing in the void. We discovered three laws governing the relationships between Ro/R, T, Ef and the angular momentum Iω of such astronomical object of interest, from which we established two distinct regions, which we define as the First and Second Laws for the evolution of the stellar object. The Fermi energy Ef was found to be that of the electron mass, as it is the lightest massive elementary particle that could be created from pure energy in the core. In fact the mid-temperature of the transition region between the First and Second Law regions for this Ef value is 5.3 × 109 K, just about that of the Bethe fusion temperature. We then apply our theory to analyse observed data of magnetars, pulsars, pre-main-sequence stars, the NGC 6819 group, a number of low-to-mid mass main sequence stars, the M35 members, the NGC 2516 group, brown dwarfs, white dwarfs, magnetic white dwarfs, and members of the solar system. The ρ = (Ro/R) versus T, and ρ versus P relations for each representative object are analysed, with reference to the general process of stellar evolution. Our analysis leads us to the following age sequence of stellar evolution: pulsars, pre-main-sequence stars, matured stars, brown dwarfs, white dwarfs/magnetic white dwarfs, and finally neutron stars. For every group, we found that there is an increasing average mass density during their evolution.

Global Solar Variations and Effects of Relativistic 2D-Hydrogen

Characteristics of the temporal evolution of the global solar magnetic field were found to display a 2-step cycling mode consistent with a pattern of a fundamental harmonic progression underlying all solar cycles at all times and having its seat in the fusion region of the core via nuclear magnetic resonance as part of the hydrogen and helium fusion chain. In addition to the three principal zones in the interior of the sun, core, radiative zone, and convection zone, a sub-surface layer is being suggested to take part in the processes of varying solar activity, which would be an extension of relativistic 2D hydrogen being formed throughout the plasma body under the influence of pressure waves originating in the core. The major participants confined to such a 2D layer is for the most part 2D hydrogen particularly in its form of relativistic 2D hydrogen, where the Bohratom binding energies are replaced by binding energies in the range of Eo = 0.5 MeV. For this reason it is conjectured that this condition lends itself to providing contributions to (a) the energy release including 0.5 MeV and lower energy γ-photons as well as (b) superimposing a radial component to the global dipole field.

Electromagnetic Splitting of Meson Mass

The calculation of meson masses based on the 5D homogeneous space-time quantum projection was shown explicitly in a previous paper. There are no adjustable parameters, except the quark rest mass. In this article, we like to propose two 5 quarks baryons yet unreported;a bound state of the proton and π+, which should have a mass of roughly 33.8 GeV and that of the proton and J/Ψ, which has an approximate mass of 125 GeV close to the already found 6 quarks proton-proton- boson resonance.