Fully non-inductive plasma start-up was successfully achieved by using a well- controlled microwave source on the spherical tokamak, QUEST. Non-inductive plasmas were maintained for approximately 3-5 min, during which...Fully non-inductive plasma start-up was successfully achieved by using a well- controlled microwave source on the spherical tokamak, QUEST. Non-inductive plasmas were maintained for approximately 3-5 min, during which time power balance estimates could be achieved by monitoring wall and cooling-water temperatures. Approximately 70%-90% of the injected power could be accounted for by calorimetric measurements and approximately half of the injected power was found to be deposited on the vessel wall, which is slightly dependent on the magnetic configuration. The power distribution to water-cooled limiters, which are expected to be exposed to local heat loads, depends significantly on the magnetic configuration, however some of the deposited power is due to energetic electrons, which have large poloidal orbits and are likely to be deposited on the plasma facing components.展开更多
Magnetic sensorless sensing and control experiments with the plasma horizontal position have been carried out in the superconducting tokamak HT-7. The sensing is made to focus on the ripple frequency component of the ...Magnetic sensorless sensing and control experiments with the plasma horizontal position have been carried out in the superconducting tokamak HT-7. The sensing is made to focus on the ripple frequency component of the power supply with thyristor and directly from them without time integration. There is no drift problem with the integrator of wagnetic sensors. Two kinds of control experiments have been carried out: to keep the position constant and swing the position in a triangular waveform, And magnetic sensorless sensing of plasma shape is discussed.展开更多
Two-dimensional structure of density fluctuations is examined during the current jump phase, indicating a change from the open magnetic fields to the closed ones. During the smooth current ramp-up phase the two-dimens...Two-dimensional structure of density fluctuations is examined during the current jump phase, indicating a change from the open magnetic fields to the closed ones. During the smooth current ramp-up phase the two-dimensional contour of the LiI intensity shows vertically alignment, consistent with the magnetic surfaces. At the inflection point in Ip ramp-up the LiI intensity contour becomes flat in the observation regime and then suddenly a steep gradient and higher intensity regime are formed in the vertical direction. This higher intensity corresponds to a burst of LiI waveform. According to these changes in the contour, it is found that, within ~1 ms around the burst of LiI, a low frequency coherent wave with a long wavelength rapidly grows. The relations with other signals (magnetic flux and microwave stray power) are discussed with respect to the topological change in the magnetic configuration and mode conversion of the incident electromagnetic waves.展开更多
Magnetic sensorless sensing experiments of the plasma horizontal positionhave been carried out in the superconducting tokamak HT-7. The horizontal position is calculatedfrom the vertical field coil current and voltage...Magnetic sensorless sensing experiments of the plasma horizontal positionhave been carried out in the superconducting tokamak HT-7. The horizontal position is calculatedfrom the vertical field coil current and voltage without using signals of magnetic probes placednearby a plasma. The calculations are focused on the ripple frequency component of the power supply.There is no drift problem with the time integration of magnetic probe signals. The error of thederived plasma position is lower than 2% of the plasma minor radius.展开更多
Many measurements of B decays involve admixtures of B hadrons. Previously we arbitrarily included such admixtures in the B±section, but because of their importance we have created two new sections:
The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the ...The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http ://pdg. lbl. gov.展开更多
CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl (LBNL). There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.* Fig. l(a) shows the mass sp...CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl (LBNL). There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.* Fig. l(a) shows the mass spectrum,展开更多
33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such appl...33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such applications will be provided. The detector techniques which are specific to non-accelerator particle physics experiments are the subject of Chap.展开更多
1. Overview The Review of Particle Physics and the abbreviated version, the Particle Physics Booklet, are reviews of the field of Particle Physics. This complete Review includes a compilation/evaluation of data on par...1. Overview The Review of Particle Physics and the abbreviated version, the Particle Physics Booklet, are reviews of the field of Particle Physics. This complete Review includes a compilation/evaluation of data on particle properties, called the "Particle Listings." These Listings include 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, in addition to the 32,153 measurements from 8,944 papers that first appeared in previous editions [1].展开更多
Written by R.L. Kelly (LBNL). The most commonly used SU(3) isoscalar factors, corresponding to the singlet, octet, and deeuplet content of 8 8 and 10 8, are shown at the right. The notation uses particle nam...Written by R.L. Kelly (LBNL). The most commonly used SU(3) isoscalar factors, corresponding to the singlet, octet, and deeuplet content of 8 8 and 10 8, are shown at the right. The notation uses particle names to identify the coefficients, so that the pattern of relative couplings may be seen at a glance. We illustrate the use of the coefficients below.展开更多
Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers (MSU) and F. Zimmermann (CERN).29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the pr...Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers (MSU) and F. Zimmermann (CERN).29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the product of the cross section of interest,展开更多
基金supported by Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows(KAKENHI Grant Number 16H02441,24656559)performed with the support and under the auspices of the NIFS Collaboration Research Program(NIFS05KUTRO14,NIFS11KUTR061,NIFS13KUTR085,NIFS14KUTR103)+1 种基金supported in part by the Collaborative Research Program of the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics,Kyushu Universitypartly supported by the JSPS-NRF-NSFC A3 Foresight Program in the Field of Plasma Physics(No.11261140328)
文摘Fully non-inductive plasma start-up was successfully achieved by using a well- controlled microwave source on the spherical tokamak, QUEST. Non-inductive plasmas were maintained for approximately 3-5 min, during which time power balance estimates could be achieved by monitoring wall and cooling-water temperatures. Approximately 70%-90% of the injected power could be accounted for by calorimetric measurements and approximately half of the injected power was found to be deposited on the vessel wall, which is slightly dependent on the magnetic configuration. The power distribution to water-cooled limiters, which are expected to be exposed to local heat loads, depends significantly on the magnetic configuration, however some of the deposited power is due to energetic electrons, which have large poloidal orbits and are likely to be deposited on the plasma facing components.
基金supported in part by the JSPS-CAS Core-University Program in the field of Plasma and Nuclear Fusion
文摘Magnetic sensorless sensing and control experiments with the plasma horizontal position have been carried out in the superconducting tokamak HT-7. The sensing is made to focus on the ripple frequency component of the power supply with thyristor and directly from them without time integration. There is no drift problem with the integrator of wagnetic sensors. Two kinds of control experiments have been carried out: to keep the position constant and swing the position in a triangular waveform, And magnetic sensorless sensing of plasma shape is discussed.
基金the NIFS Collaboration Research Program (NIFS07KOAR009,NIFS05KUTR012)the JSPS-CAS Core-University Program in the field of Plasma and Nuclear Fusion
文摘Two-dimensional structure of density fluctuations is examined during the current jump phase, indicating a change from the open magnetic fields to the closed ones. During the smooth current ramp-up phase the two-dimensional contour of the LiI intensity shows vertically alignment, consistent with the magnetic surfaces. At the inflection point in Ip ramp-up the LiI intensity contour becomes flat in the observation regime and then suddenly a steep gradient and higher intensity regime are formed in the vertical direction. This higher intensity corresponds to a burst of LiI waveform. According to these changes in the contour, it is found that, within ~1 ms around the burst of LiI, a low frequency coherent wave with a long wavelength rapidly grows. The relations with other signals (magnetic flux and microwave stray power) are discussed with respect to the topological change in the magnetic configuration and mode conversion of the incident electromagnetic waves.
基金This work partially supported by the JSPS--CAS Core-University Program on Plasma and Nuclear Fusion
文摘Magnetic sensorless sensing experiments of the plasma horizontal positionhave been carried out in the superconducting tokamak HT-7. The horizontal position is calculatedfrom the vertical field coil current and voltage without using signals of magnetic probes placednearby a plasma. The calculations are focused on the ripple frequency component of the power supply.There is no drift problem with the time integration of magnetic probe signals. The error of thederived plasma position is lower than 2% of the plasma minor radius.
文摘Many measurements of B decays involve admixtures of B hadrons. Previously we arbitrarily included such admixtures in the B±section, but because of their importance we have created two new sections:
基金supported by the Director,Office of Science,Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231the U.S.National Science Foundation under Agreement No.PHY-0652989+3 种基金the European Laboratory for Particle Physics(CERN)an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan(MEXT:Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology)and the United States(DOE)on cooperative research and developmentthe Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics(INFN)B.C.F.was supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation Grant PHY-1214082
文摘The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http ://pdg. lbl. gov.
文摘CHARMED BARYONS Revised March 2012 by C.G. Wohl (LBNL). There are 17 known charmed baryons, and four other candidates not well enough established to be promoted to the Summary Tables.* Fig. l(a) shows the mass spectrum,
文摘33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such applications will be provided. The detector techniques which are specific to non-accelerator particle physics experiments are the subject of Chap.
基金supported by the Director,Office of Science,Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231by the U.S.National Science Foundation under Agreement No.PHY-0652989+2 种基金by the European Laboratory for Particle Physics(CERN)by an implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan(MEXT:Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports, Science and Technology) and the United States(DOE) on cooperative research and developmentby the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics(INFN)
文摘1. Overview The Review of Particle Physics and the abbreviated version, the Particle Physics Booklet, are reviews of the field of Particle Physics. This complete Review includes a compilation/evaluation of data on particle properties, called the "Particle Listings." These Listings include 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, in addition to the 32,153 measurements from 8,944 papers that first appeared in previous editions [1].
文摘Written by R.L. Kelly (LBNL). The most commonly used SU(3) isoscalar factors, corresponding to the singlet, octet, and deeuplet content of 8 8 and 10 8, are shown at the right. The notation uses particle names to identify the coefficients, so that the pattern of relative couplings may be seen at a glance. We illustrate the use of the coefficients below.
基金supported by PAPIIT(DGAPA-UNAM) project IN106913 and CONACyT(Mexico) project 151234support by the Mainz Institute for Theoretical Physics(MITP) where part of this work was completed.A.F.is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant no. PHY-1212635
文摘Revised November 2013 by J. Erler (U. Mexico) and A. Freit&s (Pittsburgh U.).10.1 Introduction 10.2 Renormalization and radiative corrections
文摘Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers (MSU) and F. Zimmermann (CERN).29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the product of the cross section of interest,