中医药辨证论治对Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结直肠癌术后早期复发转移的影响研究

目的:探讨Ⅱ~Ⅲ期结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)根治术后服用≥6个月的个体化辨证论治汤药在预防早期复发转移方面是否优于未服用中药(traditional Chinese medicine,TCM)者。方法:回顾性分析河南中医药大学第一附属医院及河南大学第一附属487例Ⅱ~Ⅲ期接受CRC根治术的患者,以是否服用≥6个月的个体化辨证论治汤药(TCM vs.Non-TCM)后早期(2年)复发转移的发生率为主要结局,采用多因素修正泊松回归评估是否服用中药与主要结局之间的关联。利用倾向评分匹配(propensity score matching,PSM)方法进行敏感性分析。结果:纳入分析TCM组103例,Non-TCM组384例。多因素修正泊松回归分析显示,TCM组发生早期复发转移的风险较低10.7%(12/103)vs.21.4%(82/384),相对危险度(relative risk,RR)为0.448,95%CI:0.261~0.769。经过1∶2比例的PSM,敏感性分析结果与多因素修正泊松回归分析的结果一致,TCM组仍显示出较低的早期复发转移风险11.1%(11/99)vs.21.2%(42/198),RR为0.464,95%CI:0.227~0.948。亚组分析显示在男性、N2(有4枚或以上区域淋巴结转移)、中-高分化的患者中,Non-TCM组和TCM组之间主要结局的差异较大(P<0.05)。生存分析显示TCM组无早期复发转移生存期显著高于Non-TCM组(P<0.05)。结论:对于Ⅱ~Ⅲ期CRC根治术后的患者,接受≥6个月的个体化辨证论治汤药后早期(2年)复发转移的风险低于未服用中药者,表明中医药辨证论治可作为CRC患者有效的选择。

Specialty optical fibers for advanced sensing applications

Optical fiber technology has changed the world by enabling extraordinary growth in world-wide communications and sensing.The rapid development and wide deployment of optical fiber sensors are driven by their excellent sensing performance with outstanding flexibility,functionality,and versatility.Notably,the research on specialty optical fibers is playing a critical role in enabling and proliferating the optical fiber sensing applications.This paper overviews recent developments in specialty optical fibers and their sensing applications.The specialty optical fibers are reviewed based on their innovations in special structures,special materials,and technologies to realize lab in/on a fiber.An overview of sensing applications in various fields is presented.The prospects and emerging research areas of specialty optical fibers are also discussed.

Operando monitoring of dendrite formation in lithium metal batteries via ultrasensitive tilted fiber Bragg grating sensors

Lithium(Li)dendrite growth significantly deteriorates the performance and shortens the operation life of lithium metal batteries.Capturing the intricate dynamics of surface localized and rapid mass transport at the electrolyte–electrode interface of lithium metal is essential for the understanding of the dendrite growth process,and the evaluation of the solutions mitigating the dendrite growth issue.Here we demonstrate an approach based on an ultrasensitive tilted fiber Bragg grating(TFBG)sensor which is inserted close to the electrode surface in a working lithium metal battery,without disturbing its operation.Thanks to the superfine optical resonances of the TFBG,in situ and rapid monitoring of mass transport kinetics and lithium dendrite growth at the nanoscale interface of lithium anodes have been achieved.Reliable correlations between the performance of different natural/artificial solid electrolyte interphases(SEIs)and the time-resolved optical responses have been observed and quantified,enabling us to link the nanoscale ion and SEI behavior with the macroscopic battery performance.This new operando tool will provide additional capabilities for parametrization of the batteries’electrochemistry and help identify the optimal interphases of lithium metal batteries to enhance battery performance and its safety.

Population amount risk assessment of extreme precipitation-induced landslides based on integrated machine learning model and scenario simulation

In this study,the future landslide population amount risk(LPAR)is assessed based on integrated machine learning models(MLMs)and scenario simulation techniques in Shuicheng County,China.Firstly,multiple MLMs were selected and hyperparameters were optimized,and the generated 11 models were crossintegrated to select the best model to calculate landslide susceptibility;by calculating precipitation for different extreme precipitation recurrence periods and combining the susceptibility results to assess the landslide hazard.Using the town as the basic unit,the exposure and vulnerability of the future landslide population under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)scenarios in each town were assessed,and then combined with the hazard to estimate the LPAR in 2050.The results showed that the integrated model with the optimized random forest model as the combination strategy had the best comprehensive performance in susceptibility assessment.The distribution of hazard classes is similar to susceptibility,and with an increase in precipitation,the low-hazard area and high-hazard decrease and shift to medium-hazard and very high-hazard classes.The high-risk areas for future landslide populations in Shuicheng County are mainly concentrated in the three southwestern towns with high vulnerability,whereas the northern towns of Baohua and Qinglin are at the lowest risk class.The LPAR increased with the intensity of extreme precipitation.The LPAR differs significantly among the SSPs scenarios,with the lowest in the“fossil-fueled development(SSP5)”scenario and the highest in the“regional rivalry(SSP3)”scenario.In summary,the landslide susceptibility model based on integrated machine learning proposed in this study has a high predictive capability.The results of future LPAR assessment can provide theoretical guidance for relevant departments to cope with future socioeconomic development challenges and make corresponding disaster prevention and mitigation plans to prevent landslide risks from a developmental perspective.

Elastic and Stretchable Functional Fibers: A Review of Materials, Fabrication Methods, and Applications

Elastic and stretchable functional fibers have drawn attentions from wide research field because of their unique advantages including high dynamic bending elasticity,stretchability and high mechanic strength.Lots of efforts have been made to find promising soft materials and improve the processing methods to fabricate the elastomer fibers with controllable fiber geometries and designable functionalities.Significant progress has been made and various interdisciplinary applications have been demonstrated based on their unique mechanical performance.A series of remarkable applications,involving biomedicine,optics,electronics,human machine interfaces etc.,have been successfully achieved.Here,we summarize main processing methods to fabricate soft and stretchable functional fibers using different types of elastic materials,which are either widely used or specifically developed.We also introduce some representative applications of multifunctional elastic fibers to reveal this promising research area.All these reported applications indicate that the fast innovated interdisciplinary area is of great potential and inspire more remarkable ideas in fiber sensing,soft electronics,functional fiber integration and other related research fields.

Integrated liquid crystal photonic bandgap fiber devices

Liquid crystal photonic bandgap （LCPBG） fibers provide a versatile and robust platform for designing optical fiber devices, which are highly tunable and exhibit novel optical properties for manipulation of guided light. We review the research progress on design, fabrication and development of integrated LCPBG fiber devices.

Quantifying Multi-hazards and Impacts Over Different Growth Periods of Maize:A Study Based on Index Construction

Owing to the complexity and variability of global climate,the study of extreme events to ensure food security is particularly critical.The standardized precipitation requirement index(SPRI)and chilling injury index(I_(Ci))were introduced using data from agrometeorological stations on the Songliao Plain between 1981 and 2020 to identify the spatial and temporal variability of drought,waterlogging,and low-temperature cold damage during various maize growth periods.Compound drought and low-temperature cold damage events(CDLEs)and compound waterlogging and low-temperature cold damage events(CWLEs)were then identified.To measure the intensity of compound events,the compound drought and low-temperature cold damage magnitude index(CDLMI),and compound waterlogging and low-temperature cold damage magnitude index(CWLMI)were constructed by fitting marginal distributions.Finally,the effects of extreme events of various intensities on maize output were examined.The findings demonstrate that:(1)There were significant differences in the temporal trends of the SPRI and ICiduring different maize growth periods.Drought predominated in the middle growth period(MP),waterlogging predominated in the early growth period(EP)and late growth period(LP),and both drought and waterlogging tended to increase in intensity and frequency.The frequency of low-temperature cold damage showed a decreasing trend in all periods.(2)The CDLMI and CWLMI can effectively determine the intensity of CDLEs and CWLEs in the study area;these CDLEs and CWLEs had higher intensity and frequency in the late growth period.(3)Compared to single events,maize relative meteorological yield had a more significant negative correlation with the CDLMI and CWLMI.

Ultrasensitive detection of endocrine disruptors via superfine plasmonic spectral combs

The apparent increase in hormone-induced cancers and disorders of the reproductive tract has led to a growing demand for new technologies capable of detecting endocrine disruptors.However,a long-lasting challenge unaddressed is how to achieve ultrahigh sensitive,continuous,and in situ measurement with a portable device for infield and remote environmental monitoring.Here we demonstrate a simple-to-implement plasmonic optical fiber biosensing platform to achieve an improved light–matter interaction and advanced surface chemistry for ultrasensitive detection of endocrine disruptors.Our platform is based on a gold-coated highly tilted fiber Bragg grating that excites high-density narrow cladding mode spectral combs that overlap with the broad absorption of the surface plasmon for high accuracy interrogation,hence enabling the ultrasensitive monitoring of refractive index changes at the fiber surface.Through the use of estrogen receptors as the model,we design an estradiol–streptavidin conjugate with the assistance of molecular dynamics,converting the specific recognition of environmental estrogens(EEs)by estrogen receptor into surface-based affinity bioassay for protein.The ultrasensitive platform with conjugate-induced amplification biosensing approach enables the subsequent detection for EEs down to 1.5×10−3 ng ml−1 estradiol equivalent concentration level,which is one order lower than the defined maximal E2 level in drinking water set by the Japanese government.The capability to detect EEs down to nanogram per liter level is the lowest limit of detection for any estrogen receptor-based detection reported thus far.Its compact size,flexible shape,and remote operation capability open the way for detecting other endocrine disruptors with ultrahigh sensitivity and in various hard-toreach spaces,thereby having the potential to revolutionize environment and health monitoring.

Thermally drawn multifunctional fibers: Toward the next generation of information technology

As the fundamental building block of optical fiber communication technology,thermally drawn optical fibers have fueled the development and prosperity of modern information society.However,the conventional step-index configured silica optical fibers have scarcely altered since their invention.In recent years,thermally drawn multifunctional fibers have emerged as a new yet promising route to enable unprecedented development in information technology.By adopting the well-developed preform-to-fiber manufacturing technique,a broad range of functional materials can be seamlessly integrated into a single fiber on a kilometer length scale to deliver sophisticated functions.Functions such as photodetection,imaging,acoustoelectric detection,chemical sensing,tactile sensing,biological probing,energy harvesting and storage,data storage,program operation,and information processing on fiber devices.In addition to the original light-guiding function,these flexible fibers can be woven into fab-rics to achieve large-scale personal health monitoring and interpersonal com-munication.Thermally drawn multifunctional fibers have opened up a new stage for the next generation of information technology.This review article summarizes an overview of the basic concepts,fabrication processes,and developments of multifunctional fibers.It also highlights the significant pro-gress and future development in information applications.

Operando optical fiber monitoring of nanoscale and fast temperature changes during photo-electrocatalytic reactions

In situ and continuous monitoring of thermal effects is essential for understanding photo-induced catalytic processes at catalyst's surfaces.However,existing techniques are largely unable to capture the rapidly changing temperatures occurring in sub-μm layers at liquid-solid interfaces exposed to light.To address this,a sensing system based on a gold-coated conventional single-mode optical fiber with a tilted fiber Bragg grating inscribed in the fiber core is proposed and demonstrated.The spectral transmission from these devices is made up of a dense comb of narrowband resonances that can differentiate between localized temperatures rapid changes at the catalyst's surface and those of the environment.By using the gold coating of the fiber as an electrode in an electrochemical reactor and exposing it to light,thermal effects in photo-induced catalysis at the interface can be decoded with a temperature resolution of 0.1℃and a temporal resolution of 0.1 sec,without perturbing the catalytic operation that is measured simultaneously.As a demonstration,stable and reproducible correlations between the light-to-heat conversion and catalytic activities over time were measured for two different catalysis processes(linear and nonlinear).These kinds of sensing applications are ideally suited to the fundamental qualities of optical fiber sensors,such as their compact size,flexible shape,and remote measurement capability,thereby opening the way for various thermal monitoring in hard-to-reach spaces and rapid catalytic reaction processes.

Auxo: A Temporal Graph Management System

As real-world graphs are often evolving over time, interest in analyzing the temporal behavior of graphs has grown. Herein, we propose Auxo, a novel temporal graph management system to support temporal graph analysis. It supports both efficient global and local queries with low space overhead. Auxo organizes temporal graph data in spatio-temporal chunks. A chunk spans a particular time interval and covers a set of vertices in a graph.We propose chunk layout and chunk splitting designs to achieve the desired efficiency and the abovementioned goals. First, by carefully choosing the time split policy, Auxo achieves linear complexity in both space usage and query time. Second, graph splitting further improves the worst-case query time, and reduces the performance variance introduced by splitting operations. Third, Auxo optimizes the data layout inside chunks, thereby significantly improving the performance of traverse-based graph queries. Experimental evaluation showed that Auxo achieved 2:9 to 12:1 improvement for global queries, and 1:7 to 2:7 improvement for local queries, as compared with state-of-the-art open-source solutions.