酸碱处理对两种土壤类型初烤烟颜色变化的影响

【目的】探索酸碱处理对不同土壤类型烟叶颜色变化的影响,为烟农种植保管烟叶及烟叶的调拨运输、储存和醇化条件控制提供参考依据。【方法】选取烘烤时间一致的紫色土和沙泥田初烤烟叶(等级C3F),设4个酸碱处理,即分别喷施浓度(体积分数)为0.2%和0.4%的HCl和KOH,以喷施蒸馏水为对照(CK)。将处理后的烟叶置于恒温恒湿箱(相对湿度65%、温度22℃)平衡48 h,然后于室内自然光条件下存放,分别于存放0、12、24、36和48 h时测定不同处理烟叶的色度值、色差值和色素含量,并分析各指标的变化趋势。【结果】酸碱处理下烟叶的色度值、色差值和色素含量均随存放时间的延长呈下降趋势,存放48 h后,烟叶色度Y值和R值、色差L值及叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量较0 h的下降值排序均为0.4%HCl>0.2%HCl>0.4%KOH>0.2%KOH>CK,色差a值和b值也以0.4%HCl处理下降值最大。酸性处理对烟叶色度值、色差值和色素含量的影响程度大于碱性处理;沙泥田烟叶色度值、色差值和色素含量下降值大于紫色土烟叶。【结论】酸碱处理会使烟叶色素分解,造成烟叶变色,紫色土烟叶较沙泥田烟叶耐酸碱。在烟叶种植保管、运输和储存环节,应尽量避免接触酸碱等外界影响因素,减少烟叶因颜色变化而造成品质下降。

有机肥与无机肥配施对烤烟产量和质量的影响

为明确有机肥与无机肥的最佳配比,通过有机肥与无机肥配比试验,研究分析了有机肥与无机肥配施对烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum L.)云烟97农艺性状、内在化学成分、感官评价及经济效益等产质量因素的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,施用一定比例的有机肥,烟叶的总糖和还原糖含量增加,总氮和烟碱含量降低,烤烟化学成分的协调性和吸食质量提高,烟叶的香气质和香气量增加,杂气味减少;在有机肥用量为25%和无机肥用量为75%时,与对照相比较,上等烟比例提高5个百分点,净产值相对增加483.40元/667 m^2。综合考虑有机肥投入产出效益,建议在兴义地区水稻土种植烤烟中,无机肥中配施25%有机肥为宜。

施氮量对红大烤烟干物质积累与养分吸收的影响

为寻求红大烤烟生产合理施肥的理论依据,设置了不同氮素水平的田间小区试验,分析了烤烟各器官干物质积累和烟叶养分吸收的变化特征。结果表明,随着施氮水平的增加,烤烟不同器官干物质积累和营养元素积累呈增加趋势,施纯氮45 kg/hm^(2)处理最低,施纯氮75、90 kg/hm^(2)处理较优。不同氮肥水平下红大烟叶干重在团棵期至旺长期急剧增加,烟叶营养元素积累在团棵期至旺长期呈12~58倍增加,烟叶氮、磷、钾、锌和硼含量在旺长期达到吸收高峰,烟叶镁含量在团棵期为吸收高峰,并且烟叶磷和硼含量偏低。因此,推荐红大烤烟施纯氮量为75~90 kg/hm^(2),并增施磷肥和硼肥,建议氮、磷、钾肥等作为基肥和追肥在团棵期前施用,可促进烤烟旺长期干物质和营养积累,硼肥在旺长期叶面喷施提高烟叶品质。

Bioactive compounds from Paecilomyces tenuipes regulating the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system axis in chronic unpredictable stress rats

Background A bioactive compound from Paecilomyces tenuipes （BCPT） has an inhibitory effect on monoamine oxidase A （MAO-A） and monoamine oxidase B （MAO-B） in vitro and in vivo, which indicates BCPT may be a potential antidepressant. In this study we aimed to study the antidepressant effects of BCPT in the chronic unpredictable stress （CUS） model in rats and explore underlying mechanisms in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis. Methods The antidepressant effects of BCPT were studied in the chronic unpredictable stress model in rats. Animals were housed isolated, except the control group. Rats were exposed daily to different random stressors from day 1 to 21. Awarding response was detected by calculating the 24-hour consumption of sucrose water. Cortisol （CORT） and adrenocorticotropic hormone （ATCH） contents in serum and arginine vasopressin （AVP） contents in the pituitary body were detected by radio immunoassays. Total RNA of hippocampus or hypothalamus was extracted and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） for the measurement of corticotrophin releasing hormone （CRH） mRNA or mineralocorticoid receptor （MR） mRNA and glucocorticoid receptor （GR） mRNA levels. Statistical analyses were performed using one way analysis of variance （ANOVA） followed by Student-Newman-Keuls （SNK） test. Results Chronic unpredictable stress resulted in reduction of sensitivity to reward and abnormality in the HPA axis in the animal model. BCPT improved the reward reaction as measured by increasing sucrose consumption, remarkably reduced serum CORT and ACTH levels and the AVP content in the pituitary body in the CUS-treated rats, decreased the expression of CRH mRNA, enhanced the expression of hippocampus MR mRNA, GR mRNA and decreased the ratio of MR/GR. Conclusions BCPT has potentially antidepressant-like activity and normalized the HPA axis hyperactivity in a CUS model of depression in rats. This may be an important mechanism of its antidepressant effect.

FPGA异构加速卡电源完整性分析

以现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）为核心构建了高性能、高密度异构加速卡.基于目标阻抗设计方法,对解耦电容和电路进行了交流和直流分析,并给出了电源完整性后仿结果,验证了该分析方法的有效性.最后给出了该FPGA异构加速卡在图像识别中的应用实例,并与中央处理器、图形处理器的性能作了对比.