猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome,PRRS)是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒PRRSV引起的一种高度接触性传染病。作为一种RNA病毒,PRRSV的基因组存在广泛变异,其中以NSP2和ORF5基因变异为主。由于不同谱系毒株...猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome,PRRS)是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒PRRSV引起的一种高度接触性传染病。作为一种RNA病毒,PRRSV的基因组存在广泛变异,其中以NSP2和ORF5基因变异为主。由于不同谱系毒株的ORF5有特征性的核苷酸序列,因此ORF5可用于PRRSV的分型。ORF5编码GP5蛋白,GP5蛋白含有多个表位,可与细胞受体作用,从而影响病毒的感染、复制。近年来,关于PRRSV的分子流行病学调查倾向于揭示不同毒株所特有的氨基酸突变。这些突变通常发生在GP5蛋白的信号肽编码区、非中和表位、中和表位和跨膜区。因此有研究将这些突变数据与病毒的毒力强弱、中和能力关联起来。而研究者尝试通过突变来推测GP5蛋白的构象或功能改变,从蛋白互作的结构基础层面来解释这种联系。由于GP5的三级结构并不能用传统的高分辨率冷冻电镜以及X射线晶体学方法观测,因此生物信息学方法成为相关研究的唯一选择。此外,GP5可用于基因工程疫苗的研制。综述了近年来关于GP5蛋白的生物信息学研究,并总结了GP5蛋白对病毒感染、复制、毒力、中和的影响,汇总了基于GP5的基因工程疫苗性能评测。展开更多
The first long-term rainfall monitoring experiment using the commercial microwave links(CMLs)network in East China is introduced.The network,located in Jiangyin,Jiangsu Province,consists of 49 links with frequencies r...The first long-term rainfall monitoring experiment using the commercial microwave links(CMLs)network in East China is introduced.The network,located in Jiangyin,Jiangsu Province,consists of 49 links with frequencies ranging from 15 GHz to 26 GHz and lengths from 1.14 km to 4.78 km.An OTT PARSIVEL disdrometer is deployed to refine the local rain-induced attenuation relationship,and the CML observations are compared simultaneously with five rain gauges.The inversion parameters of the CML are optimized by minimizing the error of the accumulated rainfall of historical rainfall events.The inversion results show that the daily accumulated rainfall retrieved by the CMLs agrees well with the rain gauge measurements.As an opportunistic approach to monitor near-surface rainfall with high spatiotemporal representativeness and accuracy,the CML network can be used to monitor and forecast urban flood disasters,especially in regions where the widepread deployment of conventional meteorological instruments is impractical.展开更多
To mitigate the economic fallout of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic,China has been boosting consumption with a host of incentives including tax cuts,subsidies,and vouchers for consumers.As a result,the recovering consum...To mitigate the economic fallout of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic,China has been boosting consumption with a host of incentives including tax cuts,subsidies,and vouchers for consumers.As a result,the recovering consumer market is indicative of China’s economic resilience.The epidemic will probably not come to an end soon,but while hitting the economy hard,it is also reshaping consumption in many ways.展开更多
文摘猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome,PRRS)是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒PRRSV引起的一种高度接触性传染病。作为一种RNA病毒,PRRSV的基因组存在广泛变异,其中以NSP2和ORF5基因变异为主。由于不同谱系毒株的ORF5有特征性的核苷酸序列,因此ORF5可用于PRRSV的分型。ORF5编码GP5蛋白,GP5蛋白含有多个表位,可与细胞受体作用,从而影响病毒的感染、复制。近年来,关于PRRSV的分子流行病学调查倾向于揭示不同毒株所特有的氨基酸突变。这些突变通常发生在GP5蛋白的信号肽编码区、非中和表位、中和表位和跨膜区。因此有研究将这些突变数据与病毒的毒力强弱、中和能力关联起来。而研究者尝试通过突变来推测GP5蛋白的构象或功能改变,从蛋白互作的结构基础层面来解释这种联系。由于GP5的三级结构并不能用传统的高分辨率冷冻电镜以及X射线晶体学方法观测,因此生物信息学方法成为相关研究的唯一选择。此外,GP5可用于基因工程疫苗的研制。综述了近年来关于GP5蛋白的生物信息学研究,并总结了GP5蛋白对病毒感染、复制、毒力、中和的影响,汇总了基于GP5的基因工程疫苗性能评测。
基金This research was funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701650)the Excellent Youth Scholars of the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(2021JJ20046)+1 种基金the Open Grants of the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather(Grant 2021LASW-A01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42222505).
文摘The first long-term rainfall monitoring experiment using the commercial microwave links(CMLs)network in East China is introduced.The network,located in Jiangyin,Jiangsu Province,consists of 49 links with frequencies ranging from 15 GHz to 26 GHz and lengths from 1.14 km to 4.78 km.An OTT PARSIVEL disdrometer is deployed to refine the local rain-induced attenuation relationship,and the CML observations are compared simultaneously with five rain gauges.The inversion parameters of the CML are optimized by minimizing the error of the accumulated rainfall of historical rainfall events.The inversion results show that the daily accumulated rainfall retrieved by the CMLs agrees well with the rain gauge measurements.As an opportunistic approach to monitor near-surface rainfall with high spatiotemporal representativeness and accuracy,the CML network can be used to monitor and forecast urban flood disasters,especially in regions where the widepread deployment of conventional meteorological instruments is impractical.
文摘从GenBank上可查的全部424株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)全基因序列中筛选出了42株来源于广东的PRRSV毒株全基因组序列与6株PRRSV疫苗株全基因序列,用RDP4(Recombination detecting program 4,RDP4)软件进行重组分析。发现广东株之间的重组事件集中在2010年、2011年和2015年。JXA1-RCN-2009作为亲本毒株出现在12个重组事件中,重组体的年份从2010年延续到2018年。疫苗株Ingelvac ATP-US-2006与CH-1R-CN-2008作为次要亲本毒株出现在事件10中,该事件的重组体为广东2018年的毒株。在事件18和25中可以见到疫苗株之间的重组,但软件同时显示该事件可能是自然进化而非重组。该研究对广东猪场科学规范的使用弱毒疫苗有着一定指导意义。
文摘To mitigate the economic fallout of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic,China has been boosting consumption with a host of incentives including tax cuts,subsidies,and vouchers for consumers.As a result,the recovering consumer market is indicative of China’s economic resilience.The epidemic will probably not come to an end soon,but while hitting the economy hard,it is also reshaping consumption in many ways.
