关于区间数绝对值运算的几个结果

新定义了区间数的一种绝对值运算。根据已有的区间数绝对值运算,进一步研究了区间数的绝对值运算以及区间数的中心的性质。同时根据实数的运算法则原理,将数的四则运算推广至区间数,讨论了区间数所满足的四则运算。由于区间数在表示和处理不确定性问题中具有重要意义,本文借助所定义的区间数的绝对值运算定义了区间数之间的距离。

Unique Solution of Integral Equations via Intuitionistic Extended Fuzzy b-Metric-Like Spaces

In this manuscript,our goal is to introduce the notion of intuitionistic extended fuzzy b-metric-like spaces.We establish some fixed point theorems in this setting.Also,we plot some graphs of an example of obtained result for better understanding.We use the concepts of continuous triangular norms and continuous triangular conorms in an intuitionistic fuzzy metric-like space.Triangular norms are used to generalize with the probability distribution of triangle inequality in metric space conditions.Triangular conorms are known as dual operations of triangular norms.The obtained results boost the approaches of existing ones in the literature and are supported by some examples and applications.

Frequency and Outcome of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome in Babies Born with Meconium-Stained Liquor at Secondary Care Hospital in Pakistan: A Case Series Study

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in the newborn is characterized by hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis. MAS is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAP) in babies born with meconium-stained liquor. The secondary outcome was to estimate the meconium aspiration syndrome;in terms of hospital stay, complications, and mortality. Methods: The study was done at Aga Khan Maternal and Child Care Centre, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Study design was case series and the duration of the study was of 6 months. All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study after taking informed written consent. A brief history was taken, clinical examination was done and laboratory investigations were sent to the institutional laboratory. Study outcomes were measured from this data i.e. MAS, its complications, mortality, and a number of days in the hospital. Results: A total of 87 babies born with meconium-stained liquor at secondary care hospital were included. A total of 45 patients (52%) were males and 42 patients (48%) were females with a mean gestational age of babies 38.896 ± 1.210 weeks. The mean Apgar score at 5 minutes was 8.896 ± 0.404. MAS was present in 13 patients (14.9%). Complications were seen only one patient (1.1%) and there was no neonatal death reported. Discussion: MAS was present in 14.9% of babies;the complication of subacute bacterial infection was low seen in just 1.1% cases with no neonatal mortality.

拟阵的瘦基运算和弃基

为更深入地用拟阵基系描述拟阵的性质,定义了拟阵的瘦基运算和弃基,即从拟阵基系的元素着手,使拟阵基的势减少或者使拟阵基系的势减少,得到一个新的拟阵基系,从而得到与它相对应的拟阵独立集系.利用所得结果证明了可以通过瘦基运算和弃基构造正则GV状模糊拟阵.

Cure Characteristics, Mechanical and Swelling Properties of Marble Sludge Filled EPDM Modified Chloroprene Rubber Blends

In the present study, attempts have been made to modify Marble Sludge (MS) filled Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) with Chloroprene rubber (CR). Compounding was carried out on a two-roll mill and vulcanized at 155℃. The modified blend of MS filed EPDM/CR was characterized on the basis of the effect of blend ratio on cure characteristics, mechanical and swelling properties of blends were investigated. The effect of thermal aging on mechanical and swelling behavior in aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated solvents of cured MS filled EPDM/CR blend was also examined. The minimum torque and maximum torque of the blend first increased and then slightly decreased after the increasing of CR content in MS filled EPDM/CR blends. Scorch time, cure time, cure rate index, tensile strength, tear strength, hardness increased with increasing CR content in the MS filled EPDM compound, but elongation at break, resilience, abrasion loss, mole % uptake, swelling index and percentage of soluble fraction decreased, resilience, abrasion loss, mole % uptake, swelling index and percentage of soluble fraction decreases. Accelerated aging performance of cured composites also influenced by increasing CR content in MS filled EPDM compound.

Textile Environmental Conditioning: Effect of Relative Humidity Variation on the Tensile Properties of Different Fabrics

With the aim that to confirm the need for humidity control in the environment in which textile sample are visually and instrumentally analyzed, three different pre-conditioned fabrics sample of cotton, polyester and silk were treated at a fix temperature of 21?C. The relative humidity adjusted to four levels: 55%, 65%, 75% and 85% RH for a conditioning time of 24 hours as specified in ASTM D-1776-98. It has been observed that as the relative humidity increase from 55% to 85% cotton increase its tensile strength, silk losses its strength and there was no significant change observed in the tensile strength of polyester fabric.

Comparison between Pigment Printing Systems with Acrylate and Butadiene Based Binders

Pigment printing was carried out on lab scale by simple screen-printing techniques. By the application of acrylate and butadiene based binder, the crocking fastness, formaldehyde release and PVC migration of fabric printed with Imparon red KB pigment was evaluated. The effect of curing time on K/S values was also investigated. It has been found that butadiene based binder shows good performance in terms of crocking fastness, formaldehyde release and PVC migra-tion. It has also been observed that by increasing the binder concentration, the release of formaldehyde decreased and by increasing the curing time, the K/S values of printed fabric were decreased.

Categorization and Frequency of Indications for Packed Cell Transfusion in the Preterm Newborn during the Initial Hospital Stay at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Packed cell transfusion is a lifesaving procedure in premature babies as they have more complications as compared to babies who are born at term. Complications related to prematurity increase as gestational age decreases and anemia is one of the complications of prematurity which needs packed cell transfusions. To date, when to transfuse preterm babies and what would be the threshold for hemoglobin and hematocrit is still a point of argument as well as liberal versus restrictive transfusion protocols have been developed but what should be followed still needs more data. In our study, we have observed frequencies of different indications of packed cell transfusion in the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital. This endeavor will help in the establishment of guidelines regarding transfusion and the threshold on which any intervention should be done also it would be a step towards the identification of preventable causes that lead to transfusion and transfusion-related risks and hazards. Objective: To determine the indication of packed cell transfusion and their frequencies in preterm neonates. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was carried out in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Study Duration: The duration of the study was 1 year. Material and Methods: A total of 246 preterm neonates admitted to Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) neonatal intensive care unit in the tenure of 1 year, fulfilling the inclusion criteria and requiring packed cell transfusion were included. After the approval from ethical review committee, charts were reviewed for gestational age, birth weight, mode of delivery (normal vaginal or Cesarean-section) were recorded. Indications of packed cell transfusion (intraventricular hemorrhage, infection or sepsis, anemia of prematurity, phlebotomy losses, increase oxygen requirement, hematological causes, other causes of hemorrhage and other causes) were observed and recorded. Pre-transfusion hemoglobin levels (g/dL) and hematocrit levels were also recorded. Other information like number and volume of transfusion and day of life on which transfusion was administered was also documented. Results: A total of 246 critically ill children were enrolled in this study. Of the total, 52.8% were baby boys and 47.2% were baby girls. 57% of babies were born via cesarean section and 43% were born via vaginal delivery. Out of total preterm newborns admitted in NICU, 22.8% were extremely preterm, 35.4% were very preterm and 41.9% were late preterm. Mean gestational age was observed to be 31 (±4) weeks and the mean birth weight of newborns was 1500 (±600) grams. Indications of packed cell transfusion observed in our study are intraventricular hemorrhage 10%, 26% sepsis/infection, 4% hematological disorders, 12.8% anemia of prematurity, 25.2% was related to increase in oxygen requirement, 13% other hematological causes and 9.3% other causes. Conclusion: An increase in oxygen requirement and anemia of prematurity were the indications that were observed in the extremely preterm and very preterm groups. Sepsis and increase oxygen requirement are some of the major causes of transfusions observed in the late preterm group. Preventable indications can be one of the areas that can be worked on and will reduce the need for transfusion in preterm babies with subsequent prevention of transfusion-associated risks.

Implementation of Research for Quality of Care Project! Measuring and Improving Physician Compliance with WHO Clinical Practice Guidelines for ＇Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children＇

Iron deficiency anemia （IDA） is the most prevalent anemia globally. As per WHO, 600 million children worldwide have IDA. Additionally, National Nutrition Survey 2011, Pakistan revealed 61.9% children are anaemic. In our project we measure and improve physicians compliance with WHO Clinical practice guidelines for ＇Iron deficiency anemia in children＇. Juran＇s Problem Solving Methodology was applied. Pre-survey results suggest 81.1% children are anemic. Only 11.4% and 10.6% are on regular Iron supplementation and deworming agents respectively. Though （93.4%） physicians surveyed have comprehensive knowledge. Moreover, merely 13.7% parents have some knowledge about IDA. We choose Ishikawa Fish Bone Diagram for cause and effect analysis and ＇Gant Chart＇ to allocate timelines. We implement certain strategies like Physician＇s questionnaire form, refresher courses, information material for parents, and sustain supply of medicines. Post survey analysis concluded significant increased prescription rate of Iron supplementation and deworming agents as well as parents knowledge for IDA. For long-term sustainability, we established Policy, Quality indicators, Posters/Brochures and regular refresher courses. We also ensure adequate and sustain supply of iron supplementations and deworming agents at subsidized rates in hospital pharmacy. In responses to our project, we found under-practice of WHO recommendations despite comprehensive physician＇s knowledge.