Objectives: Glioblastoma(GBM) is one of the worst cancers in terms of prognosis.Standard therapy consists of resection with concomitant chemoradiotherapy.Resistance to nimustine hydrochloride(ACNU),an alkylating agent...Objectives: Glioblastoma(GBM) is one of the worst cancers in terms of prognosis.Standard therapy consists of resection with concomitant chemoradiotherapy.Resistance to nimustine hydrochloride(ACNU),an alkylating agent,has been linked to methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT).Daily administration of procarbazine(PCZ) has been reported to decrease MGMT activity.This study investigated the efficacy of ACNU + PCZ compared to ACNU alone for GBM and anaplastic astrocytoma(AA).Methods: Patients(20-69 years) who had newly diagnosed AA and GBM were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy with ACNU alone or with ACNU + PCZ.The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS).This was designed as a phase Ⅱ/Ⅲ trial with a total sample size of 310 patients and was registered as UMIN-CTR C000000108.Results: After 111 patients from 19 centers in Japan were enrolled,this study was terminated early because temozolomide was newly approved in Japan.The median OS and median progression-free survival(PFS) with ACNU alone(n = 55) or ACNU + PCZ(n = 56) in the intention-to-treat population were 27.4 and 22.4 months(P = 0.75),and 8.6 and 6.9 months,respectively.The median OS and median PFS of the GBM subgroup treated with ACNU alone(n = 40) or ACNU + PCZ(n = 41) were 19.0 and 19.5 months,and 6.2 and 6.3 months,respectively.Grade 3/4 hematologic adverse events occurred in more than 40% of patients in both arms,and 27% of patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events.Conclusions: The addition of PCZ to ACNU was not beneficial,in comparison with ACNU alone,for patients with newly diagnosed AA and GBM.展开更多
二氧化硅薄膜至今依然属人们广泛研究的材料,这是因为当这种材料制备为高质量的超薄、极薄的氧化物时,可实际应用于不同方面,如超大规模集成电路(VLSI)的栅氧化层以及液晶显示屏(LCD)的生产。本文考察了厚度为3nm和5nm的极薄二氧化硅层...二氧化硅薄膜至今依然属人们广泛研究的材料,这是因为当这种材料制备为高质量的超薄、极薄的氧化物时,可实际应用于不同方面,如超大规模集成电路(VLSI)的栅氧化层以及液晶显示屏(LCD)的生产。本文考察了厚度为3nm和5nm的极薄二氧化硅层的结构性质,这些薄层是通过适度掺杂n-型硅(100)晶片而形成。在形成氧化层之前用标准RCA方法清洁,并随后在氮气氛围中退火,部分样品在HCN溶液中钝化。本研究中用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)技术获取了复合结构中不同类型的化学键信息。对SiO2钝化试样和非钝化试样中的Si-O-Si的不对称伸缩振动分别用纵光(LO)和横光(TO)模式进行了鉴别,发现TO模式位置(约1 107cm-1)和振幅与试样的厚度无关。另一方面,LO模式的位置从约1 230cm-1(厚度约为1.5nm)改变为1 244cm-1左右(厚度约为4.5nm)。根据红外光谱峰的偏移,认为超薄和极薄SiOx复合结构并不均匀。对红外光谱获得的结果进行了反褶积处理并获取相关信息。用次级离子质谱分析法(SIMS,Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry)考察了试样的原子组成,发现NH键的数量也与技术条件相关。基于记录的试样X-反射率数据的理论处理结果,用原始方法确定了材料的结构性质、层密度、表面粗糙度以及相应界面,并将所得结果与原子力显微镜所获得的结果进行了对比和讨论。借助于深能阶瞬态光谱学中的电荷变形,证实HCN溶液对二氧化硅/硅界面密度的强钝化影响。钝化后,发现新形成的界面深处缺陷阱其密度可以忽略不计,这是因为其形成原因与钝化过程中在界面处引入的NH原子对存在相关。展开更多
文摘Objectives: Glioblastoma(GBM) is one of the worst cancers in terms of prognosis.Standard therapy consists of resection with concomitant chemoradiotherapy.Resistance to nimustine hydrochloride(ACNU),an alkylating agent,has been linked to methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT).Daily administration of procarbazine(PCZ) has been reported to decrease MGMT activity.This study investigated the efficacy of ACNU + PCZ compared to ACNU alone for GBM and anaplastic astrocytoma(AA).Methods: Patients(20-69 years) who had newly diagnosed AA and GBM were randomly assigned to receive radiotherapy with ACNU alone or with ACNU + PCZ.The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS).This was designed as a phase Ⅱ/Ⅲ trial with a total sample size of 310 patients and was registered as UMIN-CTR C000000108.Results: After 111 patients from 19 centers in Japan were enrolled,this study was terminated early because temozolomide was newly approved in Japan.The median OS and median progression-free survival(PFS) with ACNU alone(n = 55) or ACNU + PCZ(n = 56) in the intention-to-treat population were 27.4 and 22.4 months(P = 0.75),and 8.6 and 6.9 months,respectively.The median OS and median PFS of the GBM subgroup treated with ACNU alone(n = 40) or ACNU + PCZ(n = 41) were 19.0 and 19.5 months,and 6.2 and 6.3 months,respectively.Grade 3/4 hematologic adverse events occurred in more than 40% of patients in both arms,and 27% of patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events.Conclusions: The addition of PCZ to ACNU was not beneficial,in comparison with ACNU alone,for patients with newly diagnosed AA and GBM.
文摘二氧化硅薄膜至今依然属人们广泛研究的材料,这是因为当这种材料制备为高质量的超薄、极薄的氧化物时,可实际应用于不同方面,如超大规模集成电路(VLSI)的栅氧化层以及液晶显示屏(LCD)的生产。本文考察了厚度为3nm和5nm的极薄二氧化硅层的结构性质,这些薄层是通过适度掺杂n-型硅(100)晶片而形成。在形成氧化层之前用标准RCA方法清洁,并随后在氮气氛围中退火,部分样品在HCN溶液中钝化。本研究中用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)技术获取了复合结构中不同类型的化学键信息。对SiO2钝化试样和非钝化试样中的Si-O-Si的不对称伸缩振动分别用纵光(LO)和横光(TO)模式进行了鉴别,发现TO模式位置(约1 107cm-1)和振幅与试样的厚度无关。另一方面,LO模式的位置从约1 230cm-1(厚度约为1.5nm)改变为1 244cm-1左右(厚度约为4.5nm)。根据红外光谱峰的偏移,认为超薄和极薄SiOx复合结构并不均匀。对红外光谱获得的结果进行了反褶积处理并获取相关信息。用次级离子质谱分析法(SIMS,Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry)考察了试样的原子组成,发现NH键的数量也与技术条件相关。基于记录的试样X-反射率数据的理论处理结果,用原始方法确定了材料的结构性质、层密度、表面粗糙度以及相应界面,并将所得结果与原子力显微镜所获得的结果进行了对比和讨论。借助于深能阶瞬态光谱学中的电荷变形,证实HCN溶液对二氧化硅/硅界面密度的强钝化影响。钝化后,发现新形成的界面深处缺陷阱其密度可以忽略不计,这是因为其形成原因与钝化过程中在界面处引入的NH原子对存在相关。
