Pharmacognostic study and anti-inflammatory activity of Callistemon lanceolatus leaf

Objective:To study detail pharmacognosy and anti-inflammatory activity of Callistemon lanceolatus(C.lanceolatus) leaf.Methods:Leaf sample was studied by organoleptic, macroscopical,microscopical,phytochemical and other WHO recommended methods for standardizations.The methanolic leaf extract of the plant was also screened for antiinflammatory activity on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, orally.The detail pharmacognostic study of the C.lanceolatus leaf was carried out to lay down the standards which could be useful in future experimental studies.Results:C.lanceolatus methanolic leaf extract showed significant(P<0.0S) anti-inflammatory activity at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg.This significant anti-inflammatory of C.lanceolatus methanolic leaf extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg was comparable with diclofenac sodium.Conchuioiis:The pharmacognostic profile of the C.lanceolatus leaf is helpful in standardization for quality,purity and sample identification.The methanolic extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg shows a significant activity in comparison with the standard drug diclofenac sodium(50 mg/kg).

Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of Kigelia pinnata flowers extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Objective:To evaluate antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of Kigelia pinnata rnethanolic(lowers extract in slreplozolocin(STZ) induced diabetic W islar rat.Methods.Rats were made diabetic by a single dose of STZ at 60 mg/kg body weight i.p.The blood glucose level was checked before and 72 h after STZ injection to confirm the development ot diabetes.The flower extract and glibenclamide were administered orally at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 21 days.Results:Daily oral treatment with the extract and standard drug for 21 days significantly reduced blood glucose,serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels.High density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was found to be improved(P<0.01) as compared to diabetic control group.Conclusions:It is concluded that Kigellia pinnata flowers extract have significant antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect.

Effect of morin, a flavonoid against DOCA-salt hypertensive rats:a dose dependent study

Objective:To determine the protective effect of morin, a flavonoid against deoxycorticosterone acetate(DOCA)-salt induced hypertension in male Wistar rats.Methods:Hypertension was induced in uninephrectomized rats by weekly twice subcutaneous injection of DOCA(25 mg/kg bw) and 1% NaCl in the drinking water for six consecutive weeks. Effect of morin against DOCA-salt induced hypertension was evaluated by measuring blood pressure and performing biochemical estimations and histopathological examination of renal tissues.Results:DOCA-salt hypertensive rats showed considerably increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure,serum hepatic marker enzyme activities such as aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)and renal function markers(urea, uric acid and creatinine) in plasma. Oral administration of morin(25, 50 and 75 mg/kg bw) brought back all the above parameters to near normal level.Histopathology of kidney also confirmed the biochemical findings of this study. The effect at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw of morin was more pronounced than that of the other two doses(25 and 75 mg/kg bw).Conclusions:These findings indicate that morin exhibits strong antihypertensive effect against DOCA-salt induced hypertension.

Impedance spectroscopy study on Mn_(1+x)Fe_(2-2x)Ti_xO_4(0≤x≤0.5) ferrites

The complex impedance spectroscopy and surface morphology of Mn1+xFe2-2xTixO4(0≤x≤0.5) system,prepared using a conventional solid state reaction technique,were investigated.The impedance spectroscopy measurements were carried out at room temperature in the frequency range of 42-5 MHz.The electrical processes in the samples were modeled in the form of an equivalent circuit made up of a combination of two parallel RC circuits attributed to grain and grain boundaries.The DC conductivity obtained by extrapolation of AC data using impedance spectroscopy and four-probe method increases at 10% doping of Ti ions.The energy-dispersive X-ray(EDX) pattern confirmed the homogeneous mixing of the Mn,Fe,Ti and O atoms in pure and doped ferrite samples.

Influence of Ti^(4+) doping on hyperfine field parameters of Mg_(0.95)Mn_(0.05)Fe_(2-2x)Ti_(2x)O_4(0≤x≤0.7)

The mixed spinel ferrite system Mg0.95Mn0.05Fe2-2xTi2xO4(0≤x≤0.7) was synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction technique.The effect of Ti4+ doping was studied by using the Mssbauer spectroscopy measurements at room temperature.From the analysis of the Mssbauer spectra,it is observed that s-electron density,electric field gradient(EFG),quadrupole coupling constant(QCC) and the net hyperfine magnetic fields acting on the M-ssbauer nuclei-FeA3+ and FeB3+ change with the increase of Ti4+ doping in Mg0.95Mn0.05Fe2O4.The hyperfine magnetic field decreases with the increase of Ti4+ doping.

Mssbauer spectra of MnFe_(2-2x)Al_(2x)O_4(0≤x≤0.4) ferrites

The effect of non-magnetic Al3+ ion doping on the magnetic properties of MnFe2-2xAl2xO4(0≤x≤0.4) spinel ferrites was studied using Mssbauer spectroscopy measurements at room temperature.From the Mssbauer study,it is observed that the resolved hyperfine sextets are due to the distribution of Fe ions on the two sublattices of the spinel ferrites.The value of the isomer shift obtained from the fitting of the Mssbauer spectra indicates that Fe ions are in +3 state.A paramagnetic doublet is observed at degree of inversion x=0.4,superimposed on the hyperfine sextets,indicating that the super-exchange interaction A-B decreases due to the dilution of sublattice by Al3+ ions.The hyperfine magnetic field decreases at both interstitial sites of tetrahedral(A) and octahedral(B) with the increase in Al concentration.

Low temperature Raman study of PrCoO_3 thin films on LaAlO_3(100) substrates grown by pulsed laser deposition

Thin films of PrCoO3 were deposited on LaAlO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique.X-ray diffraction result indicates that films are single phase and c-axis textured.To investigate the spin state transition,Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed at different temperatures.The position of the Raman modes is found to increase while full width at half maximum(FWHM) of these modes is found to decrease with the decrease of temperature across spin state transition temperature(220 K) of PrCoO3.

Global diversity and distribution of distoseptosporic micromycete Corynespora Güssow(Corynesporascaceae):An updated checklist with current status

A review and updated checklist of Corynespora(Dematiaceous hyphomycetes)diversity and distribution reported from all over the world is prepared and presented over here based on available bibliographic survey upon published data.After critical review and verification,a total of 207 taxonomic records of Corynespora has been found in Index Fungorum,among them 179 spp.(86.47%)have been found as nomenclaurally valid/accepted taxa,while 14 spp.(6.76%)found to be transferred to other different taxa,11 spp.(5.31%)synonymously transferred to other Corynespora taxa,and 3 spp.(1.44%)found as invalid taxa.In all word-wide recorded Corynespora species,114 spp.(55.07%)have been found as foliicolous,90 spp.(43.47%)as lignicolous,2 spp.(0.96%)as lichenicolous,and 1 sp.(0.48%)from the air.Similarly,184 spp.(88.88%)have been reported on Angiosperms,1 sp.(0.48%)on Gymnosperms,22 spp.(10.62%)recorded on unidentified plant parts/taxa,whereas no one species recorded on Bryophytes and Pteridophytes.Likewise,166 spp.(80.19%)have been recorded on 54 families of Dicot,18 spp.(8.69%)on 6 families of monocot,1 sp.(0.48%)on 1 family of Gymnosperm,and 22 spp.(10.62%)on unidentified plant parts/taxa.Furthermore,the distribution of Corynespora spp.have been recorded from 34 countries,in which the species richness recorded maximum in India(80 spp.,38.64%)followed by China(31 spp.,14.97%),USA(11 spp.,5.31%),and other countries.Besides,distinguishing features of valid Corynespora spp.are also provided along with their hosts/substrate,host’s family,distribution(country),and references.This paper provides an updated checklist of Corynespora spp.reported from all over the world with their current status in the context of current nomenclature.In order to get all collected scientific information at one shop for further scientific study on exploration of Corynespora,this compiled up-to-date checklist with their comparative morphology would be vital and helpful to the researchers of concern fields as well as allied disciplines.

Curvularia martyniicola,a new species of foliicolous hyphomycetes on Martynia annua from India

In the micromycofloristic survey of some dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the Terai region of Uttar Pradesh(India),an undescribed species(C.martyniicola)of anamorphic fungus Curvularia Boedijn was found on living leaves of Martynia annua(Martyniaceae).The novel fungus is described,illustrated and discussed in details.The present species is compared with earlier reported similar taxon,and is characterized by longer conidiophores and conidia with less septa.A key is provided to all the species of Curvularia recorded on Martyniaceae and Pedaliaceae.The details of nomenclatural novelties were deposited in MycoBank(www.MycoBank.org).

Two more bird’s nest fungi from cold desert of Ladakh,India

Two taxa of Agaricaceae viz.,Cyathus colensoi and Cyathus renweii collected from Leh district of Ladakh were described and illustrated.Of these,C.renweii is a new report to India and C.colensoi is being reported for the first time from Jammu and Kashmir.

Incidence of some agarics from the plains of Jammu,India

The present communication sets out to examine the morpho-taxonomic studies of some agarics.A total of six species and two varieties viz.,Agaricus californicus,A.placomyces,Chlorophyllum hortense,C.molybdites var.microsporus,C.nothorachodes,Leucoagaricus rhodocephalus,Leucocoprinus cepistipes and L.straminellus var.rubrum belonging to four genera have been collected,recorded,photographed and presented in the current paper.Survey of the literature showed that two species i.e.Agaricus californicus and Chlorophyllum hortense are new records for India,species namely Agaricus placomyces,Leucoagaricus rhodocephalus,Leucocoprinus cepistipes and C.nothorachodes are new for Jammu&Kashmir whereas Chlorophyllum molybdites var.microsporus and Leucocoprinus straminellus var.rubrum are proposed as new varieties for science.

Clitocella(Entolomataceae)-a new genus record for India

During an exploration in the virgin coniferous forest of Jammu and Kashmir,a little known taxon,Clitocella popinalis(Basidiomycota,Entolomataceae)was gathered along with other macrofungi.Based on morphological and molecular(nrITS sequence)data,detailed taxonomic information related to this species is described and illustrated for the first time from India.Morphologically and genetically allied taxa are also compared with this species.

Corynespora celastri sp.nov.on Celastraceae from India

Corynespora celastri sp.nov.,is introduced on living leaves of Celastrus paniculatus(Celastraceae)collected from Paniyara forest of Mahrajganj,Uttar Pradesh,India.The new species is illustrated and compared with closely similar species reported on Celastraceae.This species is characterized by having longer conidiophores and conidia among the members reported on same host family.A key to all species of Corynespora on Celastraceae is also provided.

如何在更高纺速下生产涤纶POY

在熔融纺丝过程中，生产的聚酯（PET）长丝的品种取决于纺丝速度。在纺速低于1800m／min时生产的是低取向丝（LOY），在1800～2800m／min的范围内生产的是中取向丝（MOY）。不管是LOY还是MOY，聚合物链都是非晶态的，仅有很低程度的取向性，因此长丝不能存放太久。但在2800～4000m／min内纺出的丝为预取向丝（POY），POY具有较大的取向度，而且有一定结晶度，这就赋予了POY以更好的稳定性。

剖宫产时舌下含服米索前列醇与输注催产素减少出血的比较

To compare the effectiveness of sublingual misoprostol administered immediately after delivery of the neonate at cesarean section, with intravenous oxytocin infusion in prevention of uterine atony and thereby reducing blood loss at cesarean section. Methods: One hundred women with singleton term pregnancy undergoing elective or emergency lower segment cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were included in this study. They were randomly allocated to receive either misoprostol 400 μ g sublingually or intravenous infusion of 20 units of oxytocin soon after delivery of the neonate. The main outcome measures were blood loss at cesarean section, change in hemoglobin levels, need for additional oxytocics and drug related side effects. Results: The mean blood loss estimatedc was significantly lower in misoprostol group compared to oxytocin group (819 ml versus 974 ml; p = 0.004). The number of women who had blood loss exceeding 500 ml and the change in hemoglobin, however,was comparable between the two groups. There was a need for additional oxytocic therapy in 16% and 18% after use of misoprostol and oxytocin respectively (p = 0.673). The incidence of side effects such as pyrexia, shivering and metallic taste was significantly higher in misoprostol group compared to oxytocin group. Conclusion: Sublingual misoprostol appears to be as effective as intravenous infusion of oxytocin in reducing blood loss at cesarean section. However, occurrence of transient side effects such as shivering and pyrexia were noted more frequently with the use of misorostol.

轻量型网片可以提高腹腔镜全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术后的功能结局

前瞻性研究旨在比较腹腔镜全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术(TEP)中,采用新型轻量型网片和传统重量型网片的差异,所有手术均在同一疝中心完成。方法自2004年11月到2005年7月,共有250例病人接受了腹腔镜TEP,采用轻量型(Ultrapro,30g/m)2或重量型网片(Prolene,100g/m2)。通过病历资料回顾及电话问卷调查获得随访数据。术后早期及远期均对病人进行随访,以评估术后结局的变化。结果 250例中有188例(75%)获得随访。在术后平均4个月及15个月进行的随访中发现,轻量型网片组和重量型网片组在疼痛或不适感的发生率及程度上没有差别。轻量型网片组在术后早期及远期对体力活动的影响显著小于重量型网片组,尤其是举重(9%vs.21%,平均随访4个月,Mann-WhitneyU,P=0.024)、行走(1%vs.11%,平均随访5个月,Mann-WhitneyU,P=0.006)及剧烈运动(7%vs.19%,平均随访15个月,Mann-Whitney-U,P=0.012)。腹股沟区的网片感或不适感两组差异无统计学意义。结论采用轻量型网片行腹腔镜TEP可以改善术后早期及远期的功能结局。轻量型网片可以显著减少对所有体力活动的影响。两者的疼痛都较轻微,表明腹腔镜手术的优势。

(NH_4)_2Ce(NO_3)_6催化腈合成5-取代-1H-四唑

芳香／脂肪族腈类化合物在DMF中、（NI-14）2Ce（NO3）6（0．1 eq）催化下，与NaN3发生[3＋2]环加成反应，生成5-取代-1H-四唑，9例芳香腈收率为95％～99％，7例脂肪腈收率82％～94％，苄醇、硫醚酯等官能团在反应中不受影响。