双丹明目胶囊对糖尿病大鼠模型视网膜VEGF家族表达的影响

目的:观察双丹明目胶囊对糖尿病大鼠模型视网膜VEGF家族因子VEGF-a、VEGF-b、VEGF-c蛋白表达的影响。方法:将40只雄性SD大鼠,采用随机数字法分为A空白组、B模型组、C双丹明目组、D阳性对照组4组,每组10只20眼。将B、C、D三组实验大鼠采用STZ 50mg/kg的剂量一次性大鼠尾静脉注射法建立糖尿病视网膜病变大鼠模型,造模后1wk开始连续灌胃用药,灌胃后4wk,处死动物,免疫组化法检测视网膜组织中VEGF-a、VEGF-b、VEGF-c的表达。结果:成模后用药第4wk,模型组、双丹明目组、阳性对照组视网膜中VEGF-a、VEGF-b、VEGF-c蛋白表达平均灰度值均低于正常组,平均光密度均高于正常组,其中模型组与正常组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0. 01);双丹明目组、阳性对照组VEGF-a、VEGF-b、VEGF-c表达的平均灰度值均高于模型组(P<0. 05),平均光密度值均低于模型组(P<0. 01)。结论:双丹明目胶囊能明显降低VEGF家族中VEGF-a、VEGF-b、VEGF-c在糖尿病模型大鼠视网膜中的表达,对其视网膜有一定的保护作用。

活血散结中药复方含药血浆对PDGF干预下兔RPE细胞增殖的影响

目的:观察活血散结中药复方含药血浆对血小板源性生长因子(platelet derived growth factor,PDGF)干预下兔RPE细胞增殖的影响。方法:酶消化法获取RPE原代细胞,进行RPE细胞的原代培养和传代;制备活血散结中药复方含药血浆;选取第4代兔RPE细胞为实验细胞,PDGF低、中、高剂量(5、10、20μg/L)干预48h后,CCK-8法检测并选取适宜细胞实验干预浓度;建立PDGF干预下RPE细胞增殖模型。实验分组为空白对照组(DMEM)、正常血浆组、PDGF(10μg/L)组、PDGF(10μg/L)+AG1296(10μmol/L)组、PDGF(10μg/L)+10%含药血浆组,PDGF(10μg/L)+20%含药血浆组,分别加入相应处理因素干预24h后,Transwell法测定兔RPE细胞迁移力;而干预48h后,CCK-8法测定兔RPE细胞的细胞活力OD值。结果:10%和20%浓度的活血散结中药复方含药血浆能有效抑制PDGF干预下RPE细胞的细胞活力、细胞迁移。结论:活血散结中药复方含药血浆能够抑制PDGF干预下兔RPE细胞增殖,这可能是其有效治疗增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变的机制之一。

双丹明目胶囊对糖尿病大鼠模型视网膜VEGF-a、VEGF-b、VEGF-c及其受体Flk-1表达的影响（英文）

目的观察双丹明目胶囊对糖尿病大鼠模型视网膜VEGF-a、VEGF-b、VEGF-c及其受体Flk-1表达的影响。方法将40只SD大鼠,采用随机数字法分为空白组(A)、模型组(B)、双丹明目组(C)、阳性对照组(D) 4组,每组10只20眼。将B、C、D三组实验大鼠采用STZ 50mg/kg的剂量一次性大鼠尾静脉注射法建立糖尿病视网膜病变大鼠模型,造模后1周开始连续灌胃用药,灌胃后8周,处死动物,采用免疫组化法检测视网膜组织中VEGF-a、VEGF-b、VEGF-c及其受体Flk-1的表达。结果成模后用药第8周,模型组、双丹明目组、阳性对照组视网膜中VEGF-a、VEGF-b、VEGF-c及其受体Flk-1蛋白表达平均灰度值均低于正常组,平均光密度均高于正常组,其中:模型组与正常组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);双丹明目组、阳性对照组VEGF-a、VEGF-b、VEGF-c及其受体Flk-1表达的平均灰度值均高于模型组、平均光密度值均低于模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论双丹明目胶囊能明显降低VEGF-a、VEGF-b、VEGF-c及其受体Flk-1在糖尿病模型大鼠视网膜中的表达,对其视网膜有一定的保护作用。

Space Resources Planning and Design of Rail Transit Station in Chongqing

According to the study on 39 sites of rail transit Line 3 in Chongqing, the sites are classifi ed into three types: residential type, business center type, traffi c hub type in this paper. The study shows that the sites have many problems such as discordance of land use, severity of spatial segregation, low rate of site utilization. To solve these problems, development approaches of site space resources within 1,000 m around the site area are further explored. The approaches include four aspects: characteristics of land use, functional composite, walking guide and shuttle transportation. In addition, appropriate planning and design methods are proposed.

RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠虚中夹瘀证实验评价

目的:论证视网膜色素变性经典动物模型RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠具有的“虚中夹瘀”的病理机制。方法:实验研究。将10只RCS(rdy+/+,p+/+)大鼠(雌雄各5只)设为空白组;RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠共10只(雌雄各5只)设为模型组。观察2组大鼠的一般形态学及行为学特征,评价2组大鼠的生物学差异。ELISA法测定其虚证和瘀证指标,虚证指标包括视网膜匀浆组织中cAMP、cGMP含量和cAMP/cGMP值以及血浆中前列腺素(PG)、雌二醇(E2)含量;瘀证指标为血浆中P-selectin含量、血液流变学指标检测。组织切片HE染色观察2组大鼠视网膜结构。对2组数据行独立样本t检验。结果:模型组大鼠明显消瘦、神疲乏力、反应迟钝、行动缓慢、被毛蓬起无光泽、易受惊吓、食量小、大便略松软,其中雌性大鼠血浆中E2含量值明显低于空白组的雌性大鼠,差异有统计学意义(t=2.67,P=0.03);雄性大鼠血浆中PG含量值低于空白组的雄性大鼠,差异有统计学意义(t=4.12,P=0.003)。空白组大鼠视网膜组织匀浆cAMP、cGMP、cAMP/cGMP均高于模型组,差异有统计学意义(t=18.87、12.63、11.76,P<0.001)。当血流切变力分别为5/s、100/s、200/s时,模型组大鼠血黏度值高于空白组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.58、4.40、6.80,P<0.001)。模型组大鼠血浆黏度值、全血高切相对指数、全血低切相对指数、纤维蛋白原均高于空白组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.20,8.25,9.08,6.15,P<0.001)。模型组大鼠血浆中P-selectin含量明显高于空白组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.30,P=0.003)。模型组大鼠视网膜各层结构明显较空白组紊乱,视网膜厚度萎缩变薄,病变主要位于视网膜外层及视锥与视杆细胞。结论:视网膜色素变性经典模型RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠具有形体消瘦,肾精亏虚且虚中加瘀等病理生理特点。

Comparative transcriptomics revealed enhanced light responses, energy transport and storage in domestication of cassava(Manihot esculenta)

Cassava is a staple food, feed and bioenergy crop important to the world especially in the tropics.Domesticated cassava is characterized by powerful carbohydrate accumulation but its wild progenitor is not.Here, we investigated the transcriptional differences of eight c DNA libraries derived from developing leaf, stem and storage root of cassava cv. Arg7 and an ancestor line,W14, using next generation sequencing system. A total of41302 assembled transcripts were obtained and from these,25961 transcripts with FPKM≥3 in at least one library were named the expressed genes. A total of 2117, 1963 and3584 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed in leaf, stem and storage root(150 d after planting),respectively, between Arg7 and W14 and ascribed to 103,93 and 119 important pathways in leaf, stem and storage root, respectively. The highlight of this work is that the genes involved in light response, such as those for photosystem I(PSA) and photosystem II(PSB), other genes involved in light harvesting, and some of the genes in the Calvin cycle of carbon fixation were specially upregulated in leaf. Genes for transport and also for key rate-limiting enzymes(PFK, PGK and PK, GAPDH)coupling ATP consumption in glycolysis pathway were predominantly expressed in stem, and genes for sucrose degradation(INVs), amylose synthesis(GBSS) and hydrolysis(RCP1, AMYs), the three key steps of starch metabolism, and transport associated with energy translocation(ABC, AVPs and ATPase) and their upstream transcription factors had enhanced expression in storage root in domesticated cassava. Co-expression networks among the pathways in each organs revealed therelationship of the genes involved, and uncovered some of the important hub genes and transcription factors targeting genes for photosynthesis, transportation and starch biosynthesis.

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorbers prepared by electrodeposition for low-cost thin-film solar cells

Reducing the manufacturing cost of solar cells is necessary to their industrial production. Electrodepositing is an effective, non-vacuum method which is very suitable for cutting the manufacturing cost of thin films as well as developing its large-scale industrial production. In this study, about 1-μm-thick Cu（In,Ga）Se2（CIGS） precursors were electrodeposited on Mo/glass substrates in aqueous solution utilizing a three-electrode potentiostatic system.Triethanolamine was used as complexing agent, and all parameters of electrodeposition were precisely controlled.After that, the electrodeposited precursors were selenized in a Se atmosphere with different heating ramp rates（60 and 600℃·min^（-1））. High-quality CIGS films were obtained, and their characteristics were investigated by X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, energydispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and near-infrared-visible（NIR-Vis） spectra. The results reveal that there are many differences between the properties of the films under different heating rates. Finally,CIGS solar cells were fabricated using a fast and a slow heating rate. The maximum efficiencies achieved for the films selenized at 60 and 600℃-min^（-1） are 3.15% and 0.71%, respectively.

饱和软黏土不排水强度弱化模型及其在沉箱式防波堤的应用分析（英文）

目的:本文旨在建立简单实用的饱和软黏土不排水强度损伤弱化模型,应用于波浪循环荷载作用下沉箱式防波堤与软土地基相互作用的非线性数值计算,为解决防波堤软土强度弱化计算问题提供有效途径。创新点:1.基于不排水强度循环损伤弱化机理,得到软黏土不排水强度随循环荷载作用次数和应力水平的变化规律;2.结合Tresca屈服准则进行数值开发,应用于波浪循环荷载作用下沉箱式防波堤与软土地基相互作用的数值计算。方法:1.引入累积塑性变形相关的损伤变量表征土体结构性的损伤和重塑对软黏土不排水强度弱化的影响(公式(3)和(11));2.建立软黏土不排水强度随循环荷载作用次数和应力水平变化的损伤弱化模型(公式(14));3.结合Tresca屈服准则,实现软黏土不排水强度损伤弱化的数值计算过程(图9);4.针对烟台软黏土动三轴试验数据进行分析,对模型及其数值开发过程进行验证(图11和12);5.将模型应用到软土地基上沉箱式防波堤数值运算,分析软土地基响应,验证模型的有效性(图15~18)。结论:1.在临界循环应力比以下,损伤变量和归一化最大孔压比随循环荷载作用次数的增加逐渐增大,并趋于稳定;随循环应力比增大逐渐增大。循环后不排水强度折减系数随着循环荷载作用次数和循环应力比的增加而减小。2.有限元数值开发过程是正确的,不排水强度损伤弱化模型是合理的。3.该模型简单实用,可应用于波浪等循环荷载作用下沉箱式防波堤与软土地基相互作用的非线性数值计算,且能模拟循环荷载下软土地基的孔隙水压力增长以及不排水强度弱化等响应。软土地基的响应主要分布在基床两趾及正下方的软土层上部。

退火条件对电沉积制备铜铟镓硒薄膜品质的影响（英文）

目的:退火条件直接影响着电沉积制备的铜铟镓硒薄膜品质,而薄膜品质决定着最终得到器件的转换效率。本实验在不同退火条件下对薄膜进行处理,得出退火条件对薄膜各项表征指标的影响规律,并根据观察到的规律改善退火工艺,以提高铜铟镓硒薄膜品质。创新点:目前利用水溶液电沉积制备的铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳能电池转换效率不高,而退火是制作此电池的关键步骤之一。本文研究了退火温度和升温速率对薄膜品质的影响,分析其可能原因及退火过程发生的反应,并制备出了理想的高品质薄膜。方法:1.在水溶液中利用电沉积法制备出铜铟镓硒薄膜前驱体。2.对前驱体进行退火处理,并针对不同的样品采用不同的退火温度和升温速率。3.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)对薄膜进行表征,分析不同退火条件对结果的影响规律。结论:1.退火温度的影响:退火温度由450°C升高到580°C时,得到的薄膜结晶性越来越好,晶粒边界越来越不明显,Cu/(In+Ga)的比例逐渐升高,说明高温下(≥450°C)金属铟和镓较易挥发;实验中还发现Cu-Se化合物的总含量随退火温度的升高而降低。2.升温速率的影响:退火速率越高,薄膜结晶性越好;快速升温时薄膜中Cu/(In+Ga)的比例略低于慢速升温时的样品,而Ga/(In+Ga)的比例几乎不变,说明快速升温可以减少In和Ga的挥发。