江苏省优良食味粳稻的遗传与育种研究

为了培育适合在江苏种植的优良食味粳稻品种,以优良食味为主攻目标,对江苏省优质、抗病、高产粳稻品种的遗传基础开展了系统研究。通过关联分析,研究稻米蒸煮品质、营养品质与食味品质的关系,明确直链淀粉含量是影响食味品质的关键性状。直链淀粉含量为10%~14%的半糯米米饭表面光泽透亮、质地柔软、富有弹性,综合了糯米的柔软性和粳米的弹性,冷饭不硬,食味品质极佳,符合长三角地区人们喜食柔软香型粳米的口感需求。筛选出直链淀粉含量在10%左右、含有低直链淀粉含量基因Wx^(mp)的日本半糯粳稻品种“关东194”作为食味品质改良的核心种质。开发Wx^(mp)基因的分子标记,结合利用与抗病、高产相关基因紧密连锁的分子标记,开展优良食味、抗病、高产粳稻聚合育种。育成适合江苏省不同稻区种植的南粳46、南粳5055、南粳9108和南粳5718等优良食味粳稻系列新品种通过审定,形成了覆盖江苏省不同稻区的优良食味粳稻品种布局,累计推广面积超过533万公顷,有力地促进了江苏省及周边地区优质稻米产业的发展,为水稻产业供给侧结构调整,提质增效,保障粮食安全作出了重要贡献。

Hydrogen sulfide attenuates gastric mucosal injury induced by restraint water-immersion stress via activation of KATPchannel and NF-κB dependent pathway

AIM To explore the effect of hydrogen sulfide(H2S)on restraint water-immersion stress(RWIS)-induced gastric lesions in rats and the influence of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-sensitive potassium(KATP)channels and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB)pathway on such an effect.METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group,a physiological saline(PS)group,a sodium hydrosulfide(Na HS)group,a glibenclamide(Gl)group,Gl plus Na HS group,a pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC)group,and a PDTC plus Na HS group.Gastric mucosal injury was induced by RWIS for 3 h in rats,and gastric mucosal damage was analyzed after that.The PS,Na HS(100μmol/kg body weight),Gl(100μmol/kg body weight),Gl(100μmol/kg or 150μmol/kg body weight)plus Na HS(100μmol/kg body weight),PDTC(100μmol/kg body weight),and PDTC(100μmol/kg body weight)plus Na HS(100μmol/kg bodyweight)were respectively injected intravenously before RWIS.RESULTS RWIS induced serious gastric lesions in the rats in the PS pretreatment group.The pretreatment of Na HS(a H2S donor)significantly reduced the damage induced by RWIS.The gastric protective effect of the Na HS during RWIS was attenuated by PDTC,an NF-κB inhibitor,and also by glibenclamide,an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker,in a dose-dependent manner.CONCLUSION These results suggest that exogenous H2S plays a protective role against RWIS injury in rats,possibly through modulation of KATP channel opening and the NF-κB dependent pathway.

Association of Satellite Sign with Postoperative Rebleeding in Patients Undergoing Stereotactic Minimally Invasive Surgery for Hypertensive Intracerebral Haemorrhage

There are few studies regarding imaging markers for predicting postoperative rebleeding after stereotactic minimally invasive surgery(MIS)for hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH),and little is known about the relationship between satellite sign on computed tomography(CT)scans and postoperative rebleeding after MIS.This study aimed to determine the value of the CT satellite sign in predicting postoperative rebleeding in patients with hypertensive ICH who undergo stereotactic MIS.We retrospectively examined and analysed 105 patients with hypertensive ICH who underwent standard stereotactic MIS for hematoma evacuation within 72 h following admission.Postoperative rebleeding occurred in 14 of 65(21.5%)patients with the satellite sign on baseline CT,and in 5 of the 40(12.5%)patients without the satellite sign.This diiTerence was statistically significant.Positive and negative values of the satellite sign for predicting postoperative rebleeding were 21.5%and 87.5%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis verified that baseline ICH volume and intraventricular rupture were independent predictors of postoperative rebleeding.In conclusion,the satellite sign on baseline CT scans may not predict postoperative rebleeding following stereotactic MIS for hypertensive ICH.

Experimental investigation and theoretical modeling on scale behaviors of high salinity wastewater in zero liquid discharge process of coal chemical industry

Zero liquid discharge(ZLD)treatment and reuse equipment of high salinity wastewater in coal-chemical industry often occur in various types of blockage problems because of high salt content,affecting the long-term stability of the device.In this study,the effects of solution temperature,steel,reaction time and wall roughness on fouling were investigated.The changes in the contents of fouling and fouling substances were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by XRD and EDS respectively,and the formation of scale was observed by SEM.The results show that with temperature increasing,Q235 steel is the most difficult to scale.Scaling rate of all salt scales reaches a maximum after 12 h,and the fouling rate decreases significantly from 12 to 48 h.It gradually stabilizes at 48 to 96 h.With the roughness increasing,the thickness of fouling layer increases,and a linear relationship is presented for 1 to 10 h.By comparing actual and simulated wastewater scaling rates,the relationship between actual and simulated wastewater scaling rates is y=ax-0.494.The composition of the scale was analyzed,calcium carbonate is the main product and increases with fouling time.Based on the above-mentioned results combining literatures,the hybrid prediction model with calcium carbonate as the main product is put forward.It is discussed microscopically that calcium carbonate is converted from aragonite and vaterite in a thermodynamically metastable state to calcite in a thermodynamically stable state.

Comparison of detrital mineral compositions between stream sediments of the Yangtze River (Changjiang) and the Yellow River (Huanghe) and their provenance implication

A comparative comparative study on the detrital mineral composition of stream sediments of the Yangtze River (Changjiang) and Yellow River (Huanghe) shows that, light minerals of the Yangtze River basin were mainly quartz, feldspar, and detritus, the compositional characteristics of light minerals differed among tributaries, the main stream had a generally higher maturity index than tributaries;heavy mineral content tended to decrease progressively from the upper stream to lower stream of the Yangtze River, the primary assemblage was magnetite-hornblende-augite-garnet-epidote, and diagnostic minerals of different river basins were capable of indicating the nature and distribution of the source rock. Detrital mineral assemblages in sediments of tributaries and the main stream of the Yellow River were basically similar, Primary heavy mineral assemblage was opaque mineral-garnet-epidote-carbonate mineral and alteration mineral. Variations in the contents of garnet, opaque mineral, and hornblende mainly reflected the degree of sedimentary differentiation in suspended sediment and the hydrodynamic intensity of a drainage system. The heavy mineral differentiation index F revealed sedimentary differentiation of diagnostic detrital mineral composition due to changes in regional hydrodynamic intensity and can serve as an indicator for studying the dynamic sedimentary environment of a single-provenance river and the degree of sedimentary differentiation of its detrital minerals. Changes in detrital mineral content of the Yellow River was not completely controlled by provenance but reflected gravity sorting of the detrital mineral due to variations in the ephemeral river hydrodynamic intensity and sedimentary environment, however the index changing of Yangtze River were mainly influenced by the complex sediment sources. Therefore caution must be exercised in using the detrital mineral composition of marginal sea to determine the contribution of the Yangtze River and Yellow River.

Novel guanidinium-based ionic liquids as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography

The present study describes guanidinium-based ionic liquids(GBILs) as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and to the best of our knowledge,no related reports are available up to now.In this study,a hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquid(DOTMG-NTf_2) was synthesized and coated statically onto capillary columns.Selectivity of the stationary phase was evaluated by separating Grob test mixture,test mixture,alcohols mixture,and fatty acid methyl esters mixture,and thermal stability was investigated as well.The present study demonstrates that GBILs as CGC stationary phases exhibit satisfactory selectivity and thermal stability and have a great potential as new candidates for CGC stationary phases.

Retention behaviors of novel ionic liquid stationary phases and their selectivity for capillary gas chromatography

One chloride-terminated ionic liquid(CTIL) and two hydroxyl-terminated ionic liquids(HTILs) were synthesized and used as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography(CGC).Molecular interactions of these stationary phases were evaluated by Abraham solvation parameter model,indicating that the CTIL exhibits remarkably strong H-bond basicity and the HTILs possess both H-bond basicity and acidity.The molecular interactions were further confirmed by separation of a complex mixture consisting of ketones,aldehydes,esters,alcohols and aromatic compounds.It was found that the obtained solvation parameters correlate well with the chromatographic performances of the analytes in terms of elution order and resolution.The well correlated relationship between the solvation parameters and the selectivity of the CTIL and HTILs stationary phases is quite helpful in predicting and understanding the retention behaviors of different types of analytes on these stationary phases.

Topographic and geomorphological features and tectogenesis of the southern section of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge(KPR)and its adjacent areas

The Philippine Sea is the largest marginal sea in the Western Pacific Ocean and is divided into two parts by the Kyushu-Palau Ridge(KPR).The western part is the West Philippine Basin,and the eastern part consists of the Shikoku and Parece Vela basins.Based on surveyed data of massive high-resolution multibeam bathymetric data and sub-bottom profiles data collected from the southern section of the KPR from 2018 to 2021,this paper analyzes the topographic and geomorphological features,shallow sedimentary features,and tectonic genesis of the southern section of the KPR,obtaining the following conclusions.The southern section of the KPR has complex and rugged topography,with positive and negative topography alternatingly distributed and a maximum height difference of 4086 m.The slope of seamounts in this section generally exceeds 10°and is up to a maximum of 59°.All these contribute noticeably discontinuous topography.There are primarily nine geomorphological types in the southern section of the KPR,including seamounts,ridges,and intermontane valleys,etc.Among them,seven independent seamount groups are divided by five large troughs,forming an overall geomorphological pattern of seven abyssal seamount groups and five troughs.This reflects the geomorphological features of a deep oceanic ridge.Intramontane basins and intermontane valleys in the southern section of the KPR are covered by evenly thick sediments.In contrast,sediments in ridges and seamounts in this section are thin or even missing,with slumps developing locally.Therefore,the sediments are discontinuous and unevenly developed.The KPR formed under the control of tectonism such as volcanic activities and plate movements.In addition,exogenic forces such as underflow scouring and sedimentation also play a certain role in shaping seafloor landforms in the KPR.

Relationship of Ca, B, and AlP in Al-12.6Si alloy

P modification has been widely used in Al-Si piston industry, but trace of Ca element has great influence on the P modification efficiency. In this work, it is found that primary Si can be heterogeneously nucleated by AlP in near eutectic Al-12.6Si alloy, but Ca element may destroy the P modification efficiency, whereas the addition of B can recover the P modification efficiency in near eutectic Al-12.6Si alloy with high Ca containing. The microstructure transformation was related to the reaction of Ca, B, and AlP. According to the thermodynamic calculation, Ca may react with AlP and form Ca3P2 compound in Al-Si alloy, whereas, when B was added into the melt, AlP could be reformed. The reaction of Ca, B, and AlP can be shown as follows: 2AlP +3Ca→Ca3P2+2Al; Ca3P2+18B+2Al→3CaB6+2AlP. In addition, with B added into the Al-12.6Si alloy with Ca and P addition, the mechanical properties were improved compared with single Ca and/or P addition.

Genetic variants in the Hedgehog signaling pathway genes are associated with gastric cancer risk in a Chinese Han population

The Hedgehog signaling pathway participates in the occurrence and progression of cancers including gastric cancer.We conducted this study to evaluate whether genetic variants in the Hedgehog signaling pathway genes would affect gastric cancer risk.Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation(MAGMA)was used to investigate the aggregated genetic effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)assigned to candidate genes.The relationship between SNPs and gastric cancer risk was estimated by multivariate logistic regression analyses.Gene expression was calculated using databases obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and The Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO).Kaplan‐Meier plotter was used to evaluate the association between gene expression with gastric cancer survival.Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0(TIMER 2.0)was applied to determine the correlation between selected gene expression and the immune cell infiltration degree.We identified that the G allele of rs2990912 in KIF27 was associated with higher gastric cancer risk,especially in the young and male subgroups.The expression of KIF27 in gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in normal tissues,leading to poor survival in gastric cancer patients.Besides,KIF27 expression was related to immune cell infiltration and positively correlated with PD-L1 expression.Our findings highlight the key role of genetic variation in the Hedgehog signaling pathway genes in gastric cancer susceptibility,which may provide important insights into the diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment of gastric cancer.

燃气户内立管风险评估及管控措施分析

随着时间不断的推移,城镇燃气户内燃气立管运营时间越来越长,安全隐患逐年凸显,其中以立管腐蚀最为严重,本文通过对目前城镇燃气户内立管现状进行分析和风险评估,并根据评估的结果制定管控措施,形成燃气户内立管风险评估和更新的长效机制,同时加强户内立管安全管控,为城镇燃气的安全运营提供参考.

Health Safety of Main Water Pipe Materials Supplied in China Market

Objective To assess the health safety of copper, steel and plastic water pipes by field water quality investigations. Methods Four consumers were randomly selected for each type of water pipes. Two consumers of every type of the water pipes had used the water pipes for more than 1 year and the other 2 consumers had used the water pipes for less than 3 months. The terminal volume of tap water in copper and steel water pipes should be not less than 0.1 liter, whereas that in plastic water pipes should be not less than 1 liter. Results The mean values of the experimental results in the second field water quality investigation of the copper and steel water pipes met the Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water Quality. The items of water sample of the plastic water pipes met the requirements of the Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water Quality. Conclusion Copper, steel, and plastic pipes can be used as drinking water pipes.

Fouling characteristics of 90° elbow in high salinity wastewater from coal chemical industry

Due to the high salt content of coal chemical wastewater,pipeline fouling often occurs during wastewater treatment.Fouling will cause the diameter of the pipe to shrink or even block,which is not conducive to the safe and stable operation of the wastewater treatment process.In this paper,the experimental device was designed by using FLUENT software and the fouling deposition mechanisms at different flow velocities and different positions in a 90 deg bend were studied.The experimental results show that when the flow velocity is between 0.2 m·s^(-1) and 0.3 m·s^(-1),the thickness of fouling layer was positively correlated with the flow velocity;when the flow velocity is equal to 0.4 m·s^(-1),the formation of fouling is the most serious;when the flow velocity is between 0.4 m·s^(-1) and 0.7 m·s^(-1),the thickness of fouling layer was negative correlation with the flow velocity;with the increase of inlet velocity,the time for sediment point to develop into sediment surface is shortened.The fouling layer is easy to fall off because of the large shear force on the wall surface of the inner bend of the 90°elbow,so the density of sediment at this position is high.

Effects of Different Doses of BDNF on Postoperative Cognitive Function in Aged Rats Undergoing Abdominal Surgery

Objective:To investigate the effects of different doses of BDNF on postoperative cognitive function in aged rats undergoing abdominal surgery.Methods:72 aged healthy male SD rats of SPF grade were selected.According to the random number table method,the rats were randomly divided into the control group,model group,low dose BDNF injection group,and high dose BDNF injection group,with 18 rats in each group.The model group,low dose group,and high dose group underwent abdominal surgery after anesthesia,and 5μL/time of BDNF was intranasally administered to the rats in the low dose and high dose groups 6 hours after abdominal surgery,of which the dose of the low dose group was 0.1 g/L,while that of the high dose group was 0.2 g/L.The drug was administered alternately through both nostrils,with an interval of 2 minutes each time,for 5 times.The control group did not undergo surgery after anesthesia.The escape latency and swimming distance of the four groups of rats were compared before surgery,the first day,the third day,and the seventh day after surgery;similarly,the BDNF protein expression level in the hippocampus of the four groups of rats was compared on the first day,the third day,and the seventh day after surgery.Results:The escape latency and swimming distance of the control group were not statistically significant on the first day,the third day,and the seventh day after surgery,p>0.05;the escape latency and swimming distance of the model group,low dose group,and high dose group on the first day,the third day,and the seventh day after surgery were statistically significant,p<0.05.Before surgery,the escape latency and swimming distance of the four groups were not statistically significant,p>0.05;on the first day,the third day,and the seventh day after surgery,the escape latency and swimming distance of the model group>low dose group>high dose group>control group,p<0.05.The BDNF protein expression level in the hippocampus of the control group on the first day,the third day,and the seventh day after surgery showed no statistical significance p>0.05;the expression level of BDNF protein in the hippocampus of the model group,low dose group,and high dose group on the first day,the third day,and the seventh day after surgery was statistically significant,p<0.05.On the first day,the third day,and the seventh day after surgery,the expression level of BDNF protein in the hippocampus of the model group<low dose group<high dose group<control group,p<0.05.Conclusion:Compared with 0.1 g/L of BDNF,0.2 g/L of BDNF can improve the postoperative cognitive function of aged rats undergoing abdominal surgery.

类嫦娥五号玄武岩的非克里普贡献年轻月球陨石

Lunar basalts offer key insights into the magmatic and thermal evolution of the Moon.Geochronologic constraints deduced from the Apollo and Luna mission samples,as well as lunar meteorites,had previously suggested that lunar volcanism occurred as early as ca.≥4.37 billion years ago(Ga)[1]and ceased around 2.9-2.8 Ga[2],with two major pulses occurring in 3.95-3.58 and 3.38-3.08 Ga[3].But analysis of lunar basaltic samples recently returned by the Chang’e-5 mission reveals 2-billion-year-old volcanism on the Moon,representing the youngest lunar basalts reported to date[4,5].One of the most popular hypotheses for the cause of longlived volcanism on the Moon is that the source region for young lunar volcanism was enriched in radioactive heat-producing elements[2,6].Lunar samples from 3.5 to 3.0 Ga exhibit a gradual increase in the potassium,rare-earth elements,and phosphorus(KREEP)-like component contribution[3],consistent with the radioactive heat-producing elements hypothesis.However,the demonstrably non-KREEP origin for the 2-billion-year-old Chang’e-5 basalts implies a possible transition in lunar volcanism away from a KREEP-like component contribution occurred between 3.0 and 2.03 Ga[7].Therefore,studying the characteristics and origin of magmatic activity during the period from 3.0 to2.03 Ga is essential to address the timing of the possible transition and to thus extend our understanding of sustaining long-lived volcanism on the Moon.However,this goal is currently hampered by limited available lunar materials.

Towards adaptive graph neural networks via solving prior-data conflicts

Graph neural networks(GNNs)have achieved remarkable performance in a variety of graph-related tasks.Recent evidence in the GNN community shows that such good performance can be attributed to the homophily prior;i.e.,connected nodes tend to have similar features and labels.However,in heterophilic settings where the features of connected nodes may vary significantly,GNN models exhibit notable performance deterioration.In this work,we formulate this problem as prior-data confict and propose a model called the mixture-prior graph neural network(MPGNN).First,to address the mismatch of homophily prior on heterophilic graphs,we introduce the non-informative prior,which makes no assumptions about the relationship between connected nodes and learns such relationship from the data.Second,to avoid performance degradation on homophilic graphs,we implement a soft switch to balance the effects of homophily prior and non-informative prior by learnable weights.We evaluate the performance of MPGNN on both synthetic and real-world graphs.Results show that MPGNN can effectively capture the relationship between connected nodes,while the soft switch helps select a suitable prior according to the graph characteristics.With these two designs,MPGNN outperforms state-of-the-art methods on heterophilic graphs without sacrificing performance on homophilic graphs.

并行智能训练技术:挑战与发展

近年来,以深度学习为代表的人工智能技术迅猛发展,深度学习模型和训练数据的规模均呈爆炸式增长,给智能模型训练系统带来了巨大挑战.随着高性能计算与人工智能的不断深度融合,并行智能训练技术成为大规模深度学习模型高效训练的主要方法.本文总结了并行智能训练的基本模式和关键技术,以及并行智能训练框架的发展现状,分析了并行智能训练技术和框架发展面临的挑战与发展趋势,简介了银河天璇并行智能训练框架的研究进展.

The KNRL nuclear receptor controls hydrolase-mediated vitellin breakdown during embryogenesis in the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens

Vitellin(Vn)homeostasis is central to the fecundity of oviparous insects.Most studies have focused on the synthesis and transportation of Vn as a building block for developing eggs during vitellogenesis;however,less is known about how the utilization of this nutrient reserve affects embryonic development.Here,we show that the single ortholog of the knirps and knirps-like nuclear receptors,KNRL,negatively regulates Vn breakdown by suppressing the expression of hydrolase genes in the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens.KNRL was highly expressed in the ovary of adult females,and knockdown of KNRL by RNA interference resulted in the acceleration of Vn breakdown and the inhibition of embryonic development.Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that numerous hydrolase genes,including cathepsins and trypsins were up-regulated after KNRL knockdown.At least eight of the nine significantly enriched Gene Ontology terms for the up-regulated genes were in proteolysis-related categories.The expression levels of five selected trypsin genes and the enzymatic activities of trypsin in the embryos were significantly increased after KNRL knockdown.Moreover,trypsin injection prolonged egg duration,delayed embryonic development,accelerated Vn breakdown and severely reduced egg hatchability,a pattern similar to that observed in A7V/?L-silenced N.lugens.These observations suggest that KNRL controls Vn breakdown in embryos via the transcriptional inhibition of hydrolases.Generally,this study provides a foundation for understanding how embryo nutrient reserves are mobilized during embryogenesis and identifies several genes and pathways that may prove valuable targets for pest control.

Programming bare-metal accelerators with heterogeneous threading models:a case study of Matrix-3000

As the hardware industry moves toward using specialized heterogeneous many-core processors to avoid the effects of the power wall,software developers are finding it hard to deal with the complexity of these systems.In this paper,we share our experience of developing a programming model and its supporting compiler and libraries for Matrix-3000,which is designed for next-generation exascale supercomputers but has a complex memory hierarchy and processor organization.To assist its software development,we have developed a software stack from scratch that includes a low-level programming interface and a high-level OpenCL compiler.Our low-level programming model offers native programming support for using the bare-metal accelerators of Matrix-3000,while the high-level model allows programmers to use the OpenCL programming standard.We detail our design choices and highlight the lessons learned from developing system software to enable the programming of bare-metal accelerators.Our programming models have been deployed in the production environment of an exascale prototype system.