“双碳”相关实验开发——蛋壳源CaO的制备、表征及其碳捕集性能

碳捕集技术是实现“双碳”目标的重要途径。高温工业源CO_(2)的捕集更宜使用钙基吸收剂。本文立足“双碳”背景,将碳捕集前沿技术融入仪器分析实验课程,开发了蛋壳源CaO的制备、表征及其碳捕集性能的设计性综合实验。选择高钙废弃物鸡蛋壳为原料,采用醋酸处理得到醋酸钙,再经高温煅烧制备了具有较好碳捕集性能的CaO;利用EDTA配位滴定、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱、拉曼光谱和热重分析等多种分析手段,测试了CaO的纯度、形貌、结构及其对CO_(2)的捕集性能。本实验采用项目式教学方式,引导学生自行设计实验方案并进行实践和总结,不仅锻炼了学生综合运用专业知识解决实际问题的能力,而且培养了学生的科研素养和团队合作精神。

Understanding Bridging Sites and Accelerating Quantum Efficiency for Photocatalytic CO_(2) Reduction

We report a novel double-shelled nanoboxes photocatalyst architecture with tailored interfaces that accelerate quantum efficiency for photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)via Mo–S bridging bonds sites in S_(v)–In_(2)S_(3)@2H–MoTe_(2).The X-ray absorption near-edge structure shows that the formation of S_(v)–In_(2)S_(3)@2H–MoTe_(2) adjusts the coordination environment via interface engineering and forms Mo–S polarized sites at the interface.The interfacial dynamics and catalytic behavior are clearly revealed by ultrafast femtosecond transient absorption,time-resolved,and in situ diffuse reflectance–Infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy.A tunable electronic structure through steric interaction of Mo–S bridging bonds induces a 1.7-fold enhancement in S_(v)–In_(2)S_(3)@2H–MoTe_(2)(5)photogenerated carrier concentration relative to pristine S_(v)–In_(2)S_(3).Benefiting from lower carrier transport activation energy,an internal quantum efficiency of 94.01%at 380 nm was used for photocatalytic CO_(2)RR.This study proposes a new strategy to design photocatalyst through bridging sites to adjust the selectivity of photocatalytic CO_(2)RR.

Self-templating synthesis of biomass-based porous carbon nanotubes for energy storage and catalytic degradation applications

Dwindling energy sources and a worsening environment are huge global problems,and biomass wastes are an under-exploited source of material for both energy and material generation.Herein,self-template decoction dregs of Ganoderma lucidum-derived porous carbon nanotubes(ST-DDLGCs)were synthesized via a facile and scalable strategy in response to these challenges.ST-DDLGCs exhibited a large surface area(1731.51 m^(2)g^(-1))and high pore volume(0.76 cm^(3)g^(-1)),due to the interlacing tubular structures of precursors and extra-hierarchical porous structures on tube walls.In the ST-DDLGC/PMS system,the degradation efficiency of capecitabine(CAP)reached~97.3%within 120 min.Moreover,ST-DDLGCs displayed high catalytic activity over a wide pH range of 3–9,and strong anti-interference to these typical and ubiquitous anions in wastewater and natural water bodies(i.e.,H_(2)PO_(4)^(-),NO_(3)^(-),Cl^(-) and HCO_(3)^(-)),in which a ^(1)O_(2)-dominated oxidation was identified and non-radical mechanisms were deduced.Additionally,ST-DDLGC-based coin-type symmetrical supercapacitors exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance,with specific capacitances of up to 328.1 F g^(-1)at 0.5 A g^(-1),and cycling stability of up to 98.6%after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g^(-1).The superior properties of ST-DDLGCs could be attributed to the unique porous tubular structure,which facilitated mass transfer and presented numerous active sites.The results highlight ST-DDLGCs as a potential candidate for constructing inexpensive and advanced environmentally functional materials and energy storage devices.

Numerical Simulation of Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow in Low Permeability Tight Reservoirs Based on Weighted Least Squares Meshless Method

In response to the complex characteristics of actual low-permeability tight reservoirs,this study develops a meshless-based numerical simulation method for oil-water two-phase flow in these reservoirs,considering complex boundary shapes.Utilizing radial basis function point interpolation,the method approximates shape functions for unknown functions within the nodal influence domain.The shape functions constructed by the aforementioned meshless interpolation method haveδ-function properties,which facilitate the handling of essential aspects like the controlled bottom-hole flow pressure in horizontal wells.Moreover,the meshless method offers greater flexibility and freedom compared to grid cell discretization,making it simpler to discretize complex geometries.A variational principle for the flow control equation group is introduced using a weighted least squares meshless method,and the pressure distribution is solved implicitly.Example results demonstrate that the computational outcomes of the meshless point cloud model,which has a relatively small degree of freedom,are in close agreement with those of the Discrete Fracture Model(DFM)employing refined grid partitioning,with pressure calculation accuracy exceeding 98.2%.Compared to high-resolution grid-based computational methods,the meshless method can achieve a better balance between computational efficiency and accuracy.Additionally,the impact of fracture half-length on the productivity of horizontal wells is discussed.The results indicate that increasing the fracture half-length is an effective strategy for enhancing production from the perspective of cumulative oil production.

Effects of Fungi Fusarium sp. to Rhizosphere Soil and Physiological Characteristics of Camellia oleifera Abel.

[Objectives]To study the effects of fungi Fusarium sp.to rhizosphere soil and physiological characteristics of Camellia oleifera Abel.[Methods]We investigated the effects of Fusarium sp.to rhizosphere soil nutrient element content and metabolites of C.oleifera.C.oleifera was inoculated with the suspension of Fusarium sp.in pot experiments and ammonium-N,available phosphorus,available potassi-um,organic matter,enzymes and pH of rhizosphere soil,MDA content,activity of SOD,POD of C.oleifera leaves were analyzed.[Results]Fusarium sp.stress significantly inhibited soil enzyme activities and significantly reduced available phosphorus content,especially for phospha-tase and sucrase.Antioxidant enzyme activities in C.oleifera tissues showed that Fusarium sp.stress significantly increased MDA and SOD enzyme activities and decreased POD enzyme activity.Especially,SOD enzyme activity was elevated by 53.86%compared with the CK group.In addition,analysis of the content of major metabolites in C.oleifera leaves showed that Fusarium sp.stress significantly reduced the content of total flavonoids,quercetin,isoquercitrin and isoquercitrin in C.oleifera leaves by 7.80%,50.00%and 75.90%,respectively.[Conclusions]Our results are an important step which showed strong resistance of C.oleifera and can give a novel insight for researches on the effects in the rhizosphere soil enzyme,soil nutrient elements and metabolites of C.oleifera under the Fusarium sp.too.

Effects of Exogenous Plant Hormones on Growth Status and Secondary Metabolism of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

[Objectives]To improve the yield and secondary metabolite content of medicinal plants and to further develop and utilize the medicinal and other functions of medicinal plants.[Methods]We used the sterile tissue culture method with Houttuynia cordata Thunb.as the research object.Different concentrations of 1-naphthalene acetic acid(NAA),auxin(indole-3-acetic acid,IAA)and gibberellin acid(GA_(3))were added to the group culture medium of H.cordata to investigate the effects of exogenous plant hormones on plant height,root length,fresh weight,morphological characteristics,four phenolics and 20 volatile compounds.[Results]The results showed that the exogenous plant hormone of 3 mg/L GA_(3)significantly increased plant height by 79.9%over the control;the exogenous plant hormone of 3 mg/L IAA significantly increased root length by 52.6%over the control;and the exogenous plant hormone of 1 mg/L GA_(3)significantly increased fresh weight of single plant by 458.2%over the control.In the treatment group of 1 mg/L NAA,chlorogenic acid content was significantly increased by 52.6%compared with the control;in the treatment group of 1 mg/L IAA,chlorogenic acid,rutin,isodendrin and quercetin content were significantly increased by 109.1%,100.6%,173.8%,and 198.7%compared with the control,respectively;in the treatment of 3 mg/L GA_(3),chlorogenic acid,rutin,isoquercitin,and quercitin content were significantly increased by 65.3%,104.9%,139.0%and 191.2%over the control.In addition,the content of volatile compounds was significantly higher in all H.cordata treated with exogenous plant hormones of 2 mg/L NAA,1 mg/L IAA,and 3 mg/L GA_(3);however,the content of volatile compounds was lower in all of the treatments with 2 mg/L GA_(3).[Conclusions]Different exogenous plant hormones have certain effects on the growth morphology and secondary metabolic content of H.cordata,which provides theoretical basis and technical support for the development and utilization of medicinal plants.

猪瘟活疫苗-猪口蹄疫O型、A型二价灭活疫苗联合免疫效果的评价

为建立一种既有效又简便的猪瘟活疫苗(CSF)和猪口蹄疫O型、A型二价灭活疫苗(FMD O-A)联合免疫方法,达到“一针多防”的目的,通过动物免疫试验,评价了CSF和FMD O-A联合免疫的可行性。采用左、右各一针同步2点接种试验猪群(联合免疫),以2种疫苗分别单独免疫的猪群为对照,在免疫前0 d、免疫后14、40、60和90 d采集血清检测2种疫苗对应的抗体。经统计学分析发现,2种疫苗的联合免疫不影响其抗体的产生,并且能够保持抗体在猪群个体间的稳定分布。

三种猪用疫苗联合免疫的可行性分析

为简化免疫程序,减少免疫次数,降低反复多次免疫对猪只的应激,采用三种猪用疫苗联合免疫进行可行性分析。首先将猪瘟、猪丹毒、猪多杀性巴氏杆菌病三联活疫苗与猪伪狂犬病活疫苗进行混合,测定了混合后猪瘟病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、猪丹毒杆菌和多杀性巴氏杆菌的活性。同时,在试验猪群中开展混合疫苗与猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗同步两点注射的联合免疫效果评价。结果显示,三联活疫苗和猪伪狂犬病活疫苗的混合疫苗与猪圆环病毒2型灭活苗的联合免疫不会降低疫苗的免疫效果,且能够达到较单独免疫更好的免疫效果,表明采用三种猪用疫苗进行联合免疫是完全可行的。

2021年江苏省兽医系统实验室检测能力比对结果统计与思考

为进一步增强江苏省兽医系统实验室对动物疫病的监测预警能力,本文对江苏疫控中心2021年10月组织的全省兽医系统(12个市级、65个县级)实验室比对结果进行了统计,样品正确率为97.81%(1115/1140),实验室正确率为84.42%(65/77)。比对结果表明,77个实验室均具备开展主要动物疫病监测预警的技术能力,但少数实验室的个别比对项目检测结果存在一定偏差。提示仍然需要加强实验室建设,包括扩充专业人才队伍、增加资金投入、及时更新检测设备等,不断提高检测业务能力。

Catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals and fuels

In the search of alternative resources to make commodity chemicals and transportation fuels for a low carbon future,lignocellulosic biomass with over 180-billion-ton annual production rate has been identified as a promising feedstock.This review focuses on the state-of-the-art catalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added chemicals and fuels.Following a brief introduction on the structure,major resources and pretreatment methods of lignocellulosic biomass,the catalytic conversion of three main components,i.e.,cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin,into various compounds are comprehensively discussed.Either in separate steps or in one-pot,cellulose and hemicellulose are hydrolyzed into sugars and upgraded into oxygen-containing chemicals such as 5-HMF,furfural,polyols,and organic acids,or even nitrogen-containing chemicals such as amino acids.On the other hand,lignin is first depolymerized into phenols,catechols,guaiacols,aldehydes and ketones,and then further transformed into hydrocarbon fuels,bioplastic precursors and bioactive compounds.The review then introduces the transformations of whole biomass via catalytic gasification,catalytic pyrolysis,as well as emerging strategies.Finally,opportunities,challenges and prospective of woody biomass valorization are highlighted.

单颗粒示踪技术及其在猪病毒致病机制研究中的应用

探索病毒致病机制有助于靶向药物和疫苗研发,对疫病防控具有重要意义。单颗粒示踪(single particle tracking,SPT)技术能够在活细胞中对单个病毒粒子进行实时成像,便于观察病毒与宿主细胞相互作用的动态过程,以揭示病毒的入侵机制,因而成为病毒机制研究的重要工具。本文简要介绍了SPT技术的发展和技术原理,重点阐述了SPT技术在猪伪狂犬病病毒、日本脑炎病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒的入胞、胞内转运机制研究中的应用,旨在为相关领域研究提供参考。

PCV2b 1B和1C亚型分离株在猪体致病性的比较

研究旨在了解PCV2b 1B和1C亚型分离株对低母源抗体商品猪致病性的差异。选取8头32日龄低母源抗体商品猪,随机分成3组,对照组2头,每组试验猪3头,分别感染121108株(PCV2 1B)和130405株(PCV2 1C)毒株后,每7 d采集猪血清,21 d后扑杀比较其致病性。结果表明,121108株感染猪的组织病理学损伤比130405株感染猪更严重,淋巴细胞减少更明显;同时121108株感染猪的淋巴结中分布的PCV2抗原更多。结果提示,对低母源抗体商品猪,PCV2b 1B亚型毒株121108的致病性明显高于PCV2b 1C亚型毒株130405。

Electrodeposited 3D hierarchical NiFe microflowers assembled from nanosheets robust for the selective electrooxidation of furfuryl alcohol

A robust and green strategy for the selective upgrading of biomass-derived platform chemicals towards highly valuable products is important for the sustainable development.Herein,the efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol(FFA)into furoic acid(FurAc)catalyzed by the electrodeposited non-precious NiFe microflowers was successfully reached under the low temperature and ambient pressure.The 3D hierarchical NiFe microflowers assembled from ultrathin nanosheets were controllably synthesized by the electrodeposition method and uniformly grown on carbon fiber paper(CFP).Electrochemical analysis confirmed that NiFe nanosheets more preferred in the selective oxidation of FFA(FFAOR)than oxygen evolution reaction(OER).The linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)in FFAOR displayed a clear decrease towards lower potential,resulting in 30 mV reduction of overpotential at 20 mA cm^(-2) compared with that of OER.The optimal catalyst Ni_(1)Fe_(2) nanosheets exhibited the highest selectivity of FurAc(94.0%)and 81.4%conversion of FFA within 3 h.Besides,the influence of various reaction parameters on FFAOR was then explored in details.After that,the reaction pathway was investigated and rationally proposed.The outstanding performance for FFAOR can be ascribed to the unique structure of 3D flower-like NiFe nanosheets and oxygen vacancies,resulting in large exposure of active sites,faster electron transfer and enhanced adsorption of reactants.Our findings highlight a facile and convenient mean with a promising green future,which is promising for processing of various biomass-derived platform chemicals into value-added products.

Efficient electrooxidation of biomass-derived aldehydes over ultrathin Ni V-layered double hydroxides films

Selective upgrading of C=O bonds to afford carboxylic acid is significant for the petrochemical industry and biomass utilization.Here we declared the efficient electrooxidation of biomass-derived aldehydes family over NiV-layered double hydroxides(LDHs) thin films.Mechanistic studies confirmed the hydroxyl active intermediate(-OH*) generated on the surface of NiV-LDHs films by employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.By using advanced techniques,e.g.,extended X-ray absorption fine structure and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy,NiV-LDHs films with 2.6 nm could expose larger specific surface area.Taking benzaldehyde as a model,high current density of 200 mA cm^(-2)at 1.8 V vs.RHE,81.1% conversion,77.6% yield of benzoic acid and 90.8% Faradaic efficiency were reached,which was superior to most of previous studies.Theoretical DFT analysis was well matched with experimental findings and documented that NiV-LDHs had high adsorption capacity for the aldehydes to suppress the side reaction,and the aldehydes were oxidized by the electrophilic hydroxyl radicals formed on NiV-LDHs.Our findings offer a universal strategy for the robust upgrading of diverse biomass-derived platform chemicals.

Revolutionizing Tight Reservoir Production: A Novel Dual-Medium Unsteady Seepage Model for Optimizing Volumetrically Fractured Horizontal Wells

This study presents an avant-garde approach for predicting and optimizing production in tight reservoirs,employing a dual-medium unsteady seepage model specifically fashioned for volumetrically fractured horizontal wells.Traditional models often fail to fully capture the complex dynamics associated with these unconventional reservoirs.In a significant departure from these models,our approach incorporates an initiation pressure gradient and a discrete fracture seepage network,providing a more realistic representation of the seepage process.The model also integrates an enhanced fluid-solid interaction,which allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the fluid-structure interactions in the reservoir.This is achieved through the incorporation of improved permeability and stress coupling,leading to more precise predictions of reservoir behavior.The numerical solutions derived from the model are obtained through the sophisticated finite element method,ensuring high accuracy and computational efficiency.To ensure the model’s reliability and accuracy,the outcomes were tested against a real-world case,with results demonstrating strong alignment.A key revelation from the study is the significant difference between uncoupled and fully coupled volumetrically fractured horizontal wells,challenging conventional wisdom in the field.Additionally,the study delves into the effects of stress,fracture length,and fracture number on reservoir production,contributing valuable insights for the design and optimization of tight reservoirs.The findings from this study have the potential to revolutionize the field of tight reservoir prediction and management,offering significant advancements in petroleum engineering.The proposed approach brings forth a more nuanced understanding of tight reservoir systems and opens up new avenues for optimizing reservoir management and production.

非洲猪瘟病毒荧光PCR检测假阳性的原因与预防措施

非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)荧光PCR检测是防控非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)的关键环节。江苏省动物疫病预防控制中心对两家具备ASF检测资质的实验室,进行了阳性样品复核,发现检测结果存在假阳性。为避免实验室检测中出现检测失误,本文分析了导致ASFV检测假阳性结果的原因:实验室检测功能区域设置以及人员、物品流向不合理;检测人员操作不规范、不熟练,未在独立的生物安全柜中进行样品提取与试剂配制;实验室通风不良、清洁消毒不彻底,样品或提取模板间产生交叉污染,PCR试剂、产物、阳性质粒发生污染。为此,从实验室结构、环境、操作等方面提出控制建议:严格实验室功能分区与管理,规范各种试验操作与流程,加强实验室通风和消毒,控制试验中产生PCR污染的相关因素;同时省级实验室要加强对基层实验室的培训、指导和监督,使其在ASF防控中发挥应有的关键作用。本文为从事ASF等重大动物疫病PCR检测的实验室,在提高检测结果准确性和可靠性方面提供了参考。

江苏省首例非洲猪瘟的现场诊断

2018年8月18日,江苏省连云港市某养猪场发生不明原因生猪疫情。技术人员第一时间赶赴现场开展现场诊断和调查工作,从流行病学、临床症状、病理变化等多角度开展现场诊断,判定为非洲猪瘟临床可疑病例。国家外来动物疫病研究中心实验室检测确诊此次疫情。此次疫情符合非洲猪瘟急性发病特点。本报告将为现阶段我国非洲猪瘟疫情排查工作提供重要参考。

2019年江苏省兽医系统实验室检测能力比对

为进一步提高兽医系统实验室检测能力,江苏省动物疫病预防控制中心组织实施了2019年度全省兽医系统实验室检测能力比对,共有12个市级、65个县级实验室参加,样品正确率分别为100%、99.17%,实验室正确率分别为100%、92.31%。结果表明:参加比对的实验室均具备正常开展主要动物疫病监测和检测的能力与条件,但有个别县级实验室的个别比对项目检测值出现较大偏差。这提示应进一步重视实验室检测能力比对工作,加强实验室管理体系建设,全面提升兽医系统实验室管理和运行水平。

不同程度近视患者黄斑厚度改变的相关因素分析

目的:探讨不同程度近视患者黄斑参数改变的相关因素。方法:选取2016-01/2017-12在我院眼科就诊的自愿参加研究的近视患者313例626眼,使用OCT对其黄斑中心区厚度、黄斑内外环的颞侧、上方、鼻侧及下方各区域的厚度进行测量,分析黄斑参数与年龄、性别、眼别、眼轴长度(AL)以及等效球镜(SE)的相关性。结果:三组不同程度近视患者的黄斑中心区视网膜厚度最薄,黄斑区内环上方与内环鼻侧视网膜厚度最厚,三组间的内环鼻侧、内环上方、内环颞侧、内环下方、外环鼻侧、外环上方、外环颞侧、外环下方的视网膜厚度均有差异(P<0.05)。黄斑中心及内外环内部不同区域的视网膜厚度与年龄、眼别均无相关性(P>0.05),与性别相关(P<0.05);除黄斑中心外,内外环内部不同区域的视网膜厚度与AL呈负相关,与SE呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:近视患者的黄斑参数与AL、SE有一定的相关性。

猪瘟病毒-猪圆环病毒2型疫苗联合免疫效果的评价

为建立一种既有效又简便的猪瘟和猪圆环病毒病疫苗联合免疫方法,通过细胞感染试验和动物免疫试验,评价了猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)灭活疫苗和猪瘟病毒(CSFV)冻干活疫苗联合免疫的可行性。通过细胞感染试验证明了PCV2灭活疫苗稀释CSFV冻干活疫苗不影响CSFV疫苗的病毒活性;将PCV2灭活疫苗稀释的CSFV冻干活疫苗免疫试验猪群(联合免疫),以2种疫苗分边单独免疫的猪群为对照,在免疫后4、7、14、28、60和90 d采集血清检测2种疫苗对应的抗体,经统计学分析发现,2种疫苗的联合免疫不影响其抗体的产生,并且能够保持抗体在猪群个体间的稳定分布。