胃神经内分泌癌的研究进展

胃神经内分泌癌(gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma,G-NEC)发病率极低。患者确诊时多数已处于晚期,且通常比胃腺癌更具侵袭性,更易发生脉管癌栓、神经侵犯及术后肝转移。目前治疗方法有限且尚未形成统一的规范化方案,导致患者预后较差。随着人类G-NEC的基因组图谱的构建,识别出MYC作为疾病的关键驱动因子,开发小鼠模型来研究其分子和细胞特征,通过大规模的遗传和药理筛选,为理解G-NEC的生物学特性及治疗提供了新的思路。目前对于G-NEC的发病机制、分子生物学特征、临床病理特点及诊治仍缺乏足够的认识,为进一步提升对该疾病的系统认知,本文对国内外文献进行系统总结,旨在为G-NEC的大样本临床基础转化研究提供系统的理论支持。

Minocycline in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Difficulty in obtaining tetracycline,increased adverse reactions,and relatively complicated medication methods have limited the clinical application of the classic bismuth quadruple therapy.Therefore,the search for new alternative drugs has become one of the research hotspots.In recent years,minocycline,as a semisynthetic tetracycline,has demonstrated good potential for eradicating Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection,but the systematic evaluation of its role remains lacking.AIM To explore the efficacy,safety,and compliance of minocycline in eradicating H.pylori infection.METHODS We comprehensively retrieved the electronic databases of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,SinoMed,and Wanfang database as of October 30,2023,and finally included 22 research reports on H.pylori eradication with minocycline-containing regimens as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The eradication rates of H.pylori were calculated using a fixed or a random effect model,and the heterogeneity and publication bias of the studies were measured.RESULTS The single-arm meta-analysis revealed that the minocycline-containing regimens achieved good overall H.pylori eradication rates,reaching 82.3%[95%confidence interval(CI):79.7%-85.1%]in the intention-to-treat analysis and 90.0%(95%CI:87.7%-92.4%)in the per-protocol analysis.The overall safety and compliance of the minocycline-containing regimens were good,demonstrating an overall incidence of adverse reactions of 36.5%(95%CI:31.5%-42.2%).Further by traditional meta-analysis,the results showed that the minocycline-containing regimens were not statistically different from other commonly used eradication regimens in eradication rate and incidence of adverse effects.Most of the adverse reactions were mild to moderate and well-tolerated,and dizziness was relatively prominent in the minocycline-containing regimens(16%).CONCLUSION The minocycline-containing regimens demonstrated good efficacy,safety,and compliance in H.pylori eradication.Minocycline has good potential to replace tetracycline for eradicating H.pylori infection.

Stability and transepithelial transport of oligopeptide(KRQKYD)with hepatocyte-protective activity from Jinhua ham in human intestinal Caco-2 monolayer cells

The study evaluated the stability of an oligopeptide(Lys-Arg-Gln-Lys-Tyr-Asp,KRQKYD)and its transport mechanism by simulating gastrointestinal digestion and a model of human intestinal Caco-2 monolayer cells in vitro.In this study,the effects of environmental factors(temperature,pH and NaCl concentration)and simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the stability of KRQKYD were evaluated by indicators of the levels of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in an alcoholinduced hepatocyte injury model.The results showed that KRQKYD still maintained satisfactory hepatocyteprotective activity after treatment with different temperatures(20-80℃),pH(3.0-9.0),NaCl concentration(1%-7%)and simulated gastrointestinal digestion,which indicated that KRQKYD showed good stability to environmental factors and simulated gastrointestinal digestion.Furthermore,the intact KRQKYD could be absorbed in a model of Caco-2 monolayer cells with a P_(app)value of(9.70±0.53)×10^(-7)cm/s.Pretreatment with an energy inhibitor(sodium azide),a competitive peptide transporter inhibitor(Gly-Pro)and a transcytosis inhibitor wortmannin did not decrease the level of transepithelial KRQKYD transport,indicating that the transport mechanism of KRQKYD was not associated with energy dependent,vector mediated and endocytosis.The tight junction disruptor cytochalasin D significantly increased the level of transepithelial KRQKYD transport(P<0.05),suggesting that intact KRQKYD was absorbed by paracellular transport.

Evaluation and analysis of neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with colorectal cancer after radical resection: A retrospective study

BACKGROUND With the continuous progress of colorectal cancer treatment technology,the survival rate of patients has improved significantly,but the problem of postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction has gradually attracted attention.AIM To analyze the risk factors for delayed postoperative neurocognitive recovery(DNR)after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery and constructed a risk prediction model to provide an evidence-based reference for the prevention and treatment of DNR after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.METHODS The clinical data of 227 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic surgery and regional cerebral saturation oxygenation(rScO2)monitoring at our hospital from March 2020 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Common factors and potential factors affecting postoperative DNR were used as analysis variables,and univariate analysis and multifactor analysis were carried out step by step to determine the predictors of the model and construct a risk prediction model.The predictive performance of the model was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,the calibration curve was used to assess the fit of the model to the data,and a nomogram was drawn.In addition,30 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from January 2023 to July 2023 were selected for external verification of the prediction model.RESULTS The incidence of postoperative DNR in the modeling group was 15.4%(35/227).Multivariate analysis revealed that age,years of education,diabetes status,and the lowest rScO2 value were the independent influencing factors of postoperative DNR(all P<0.05).Accordingly,a DNR risk prediction model was constructed after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery.The area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.757(95%CI:0.676-0.839,P<0.001),and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test of the calibration curve suggested that the model was well fitted(P=0.516).The C-index for external validation of the row was 0.617.CONCLUSION The DNR risk prediction model associated with rScO2 monitoring can be used for individualized assessment of patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery and provides a clinical basis for the prevention of DNR after surgery.

High-energy nuclear physics meets machine learning

Although seemingly disparate,high-energy nuclear physics(HENP)and machine learning(ML)have begun to merge in the last few years,yielding interesting results.It is worthy to raise the profile of utilizing this novel mindset from ML in HENP,to help interested readers see the breadth of activities around this intersection.The aim of this mini-review is to inform the community of the current status and present an overview of the application of ML to HENP.From different aspects and using examples,we examine how scientific questions involving HENP can be answered using ML.

A Comparative Investigation of Single Crystal and Polycrystalline Ni-Rich NCMs as Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nickel-rich LiNi_(1-x-y)Co_(x)Mn_(y)O_(2)(NCM,1-x-y≥0.6)is known as a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries since its superiority of high voltage and large capacity.However,polycrystalline Ni-rich NCMs suffer from poor cycle stability,limiting its further application.Herein,single crystal and polycrystalline LiNi_(0.84)Co_(0.07)Mn_(0.09)O_(2)cathode materials are compared to figure out the relation of the morphology and the electrochemical storage performance.According to the Li^(+)diffusion coefficient,the lower capacity of single crystal samples is mainly ascribed to the limited Li+diffusion in the large bulk.In situ XRD illustrates that the polycrystalline and single crystal NCMs show a virtually identical manner and magnitude in lattice contraction and expansion during cycling.Also,the electrochemically active surface area(ECSA)measurement is employed in lithium-ion battery study for the first time,and these two cathodes show huge discrepancy in the ECSA after the initial cycle.These results suggest that the single crystal sample exhibits reduced cracking,surface side reaction,and Ni/Li mixing but suffers the lower Li^(+)diffusion kinetics.This work offers a view of how the morphology of Ni-rich NCM effects the electrochemical performance,which is instructive for developing a promising strategy to achieve good rate performance and excellent cycling stability.

胃混合性腺神经内分泌癌淋巴结转移的临床研究进展

胃混合性腺神经内分泌癌(gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma,G-MANEC)是一种罕见的胃肠道肿瘤,发病率虽不高但有上升趋势,由于其具有高度侵袭性的生物学行为,且容易发生淋巴转移及远处转移,预后较差,因此备受研究者的关注。其由腺癌和神经内分泌癌两种成分组成,且两者成分占比均不小于30%。近年来,G-MANEC的相关研究不断开展,然而,目前关于G-MANEC的淋巴结转移成分的研究仍有不足且存在亟需解决的问题。本文结合胃癌的研究,系统回顾了既往关于混合性神经内分泌-非神经内分泌肿瘤(mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms,MiNEN)的病例报道及研究,主要探讨了GMANEC的流行病学、生物学起源、诊断、淋巴结转移模式、淋巴结转移与血行转移、远处转移的关系、治疗,以期为G-MANEC的后续研究提供方向。

Comparison of sequencing-based and array-based genotyping platforms for genomic prediction of maize hybrid performance

Genomic selection(GS)is a powerful tool for improving genetic gain in maize breeding.However,its routine application in large-scale breeding pipelines is limited by the high cost of genotyping platforms.Although sequencing-based and array-based genotyping platforms have been used for GS,few studies have compared prediction performance among platforms.In this study,we evaluated the predictabilities of four agronomic traits in 305 maize hybrids derived from 149 parental lines subjected to genotyping by sequencing(GBS),a 40K SNP array,and target sequence capture(TSC)using eight GS models.The GBS marker dataset yielded the highest predictabilities for all traits,followed by TSC and SNP array datasets.We investigated the effect of marker density and statistical models on predictability among genotyping platforms and found that 1K SNPs were sufficient to achieve comparable predictabilities to 10K and all SNPs,and BayesB,GBLUP,and RKHS performed well,while XGBoost performed poorly in most cases.We also selected significant SNP subsets using genome-wide association study(GWAS)analyses in three panels to predict hybrid performance.GWAS facilitated selecting effective SNP subsets for GS and thus reduced genotyping cost,but depended heavily on the GWAS panel.We conclude that there is still room for optimization of the existing SNP array,and using genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS)techniques to integrate a few functional markers identified by GWAS into the 1K SNP array holds great promise of being an effective strategy for developing desirable GS breeding arrays.

DM Code Key Point Detection Algorithm Based on CenterNet

Data Matrix(DM)codes have been widely used in industrial production.The reading of DM code usually includes positioning and decoding.Accurate positioning is a prerequisite for successful decoding.Traditional image processing methods have poor adaptability to pollution and complex backgrounds.Although deep learning-based methods can automatically extract features,the bounding boxes cannot entirely fit the contour of the code.Further image processing methods are required for precise positioning,which will reduce efficiency.Because of the above problems,a CenterNet-based DM code key point detection network is proposed,which can directly obtain the four key points of the DM code.Compared with the existing methods,the degree of fitness is higher,which is conducive to direct decoding.To further improve the positioning accuracy,an enhanced loss function is designed,including DM code key point heatmap loss,standard DM code projection loss,and polygon Intersection-over-Union(IoU)loss,which is beneficial for the network to learn the spatial geometric characteristics of DM code.The experiment is carried out on the self-made DM code key point detection dataset,including pollution,complex background,small objects,etc.,which uses the Average Precision(AP)of the common object detection metric as the evaluation metric.AP reaches 95.80%,and Frames Per Second(FPS)gets 88.12 on the test set of the proposed dataset,which can achieve real-time performance in practical applications.

中耳胆脂瘤累及面神经的临床分析

目的探讨中耳胆脂瘤累及面神经的临床特点及处理措施。方法回顾分析2015年6月—2016年10月西北大学附属医院手术治疗的95例中耳胆脂瘤患者的面神经受累情况。所有患者术前行颞骨薄层CT检查。对术前伴有面瘫者或面神经肿胀明显、表面肉芽组织黏连者术中同时行面神经减压术。手术前后均采用House-Brackmann(HB)评分系统对患者的面神经功能进行评价。术后随访3~6个月。结果95例患者中,38例(40%)面神经骨管部分破坏缺损,其中位于膝状神经节+水平段1例(2.63%),水平段29例(76.32%),水平段+垂直段4例(10.53%),垂直段4例(10.53%)。6例患者术前伴发面瘫,术后6个月5例恢复至HBⅠ级,1例恢复至HBⅡ级。其余89例中,86例术后面神经功能正常,3例在术后3~5d出现迟发性面瘫,经保守治疗3个月后均恢复正常。结论中耳胆脂瘤累及面神经时,面神经水平段骨管最易受损;术前伴发面瘫时应尽快手术并同时行面神经减压术,乳突开放手术为首选术式;对术前无面瘫,但面神经肿胀明显者,也应同时行面神经减压术;有面神经骨管缺损时,术腔填塞不应太紧,以防压迫面神经出现面瘫。

闭合性喉外伤的临床特征及处理方法

目的探讨闭合性喉外伤的临床特征及处理方法。方法回顾性分析2003年9月—2017年8月在西北大学附属医院(西安市第三医院)治疗的37例闭合性喉外伤患者的临床资料。结果23例患者采取保守治疗:21例症状缓解,呼吸通畅;2例48~72 h出现呼吸困难,给予气管切开后,继续保守治疗,1个月后拔管,呼吸通畅。14例患者行低位气管切开术及颈外径路的手术探查及修复手术,1例术后1个月出现喉气管瘢痕狭窄,6个月后再次行喉气管成形术治愈;其余13例呼吸通畅,3个月后治愈拔管,1例因气管离断伤导致喉返神经损伤,遗留声嘶症状但呼吸通畅,未再做特殊处理。所有患者随访1~2年,呼吸通畅,无喉气管瘢痕狭窄等并发症出现。结论闭合性喉外伤因颈部皮肤无伤口,常易被忽视而延误处理。接诊时应及时、准确地判断病情,并根据病情分类采取正确的处置,预防喉狭窄等并发症的发生。

Genomic selection: A breakthrough technology in rice breeding

Rice(Oryza sativa)provides a staple food source for more than half the world population.However,the current pace of rice breeding in yield growth is insufficient to meet the food demand of the everincreasing global population.Genomic selection(GS)holds a great potential to accelerate breeding progress and is cost-effective via early selection before phenotypes are measured.Previous simulation and experimental studies have demonstrated the usefulness of GS in rice breeding.However,several affecting factors and limitations require careful consideration when performing GS.In this review,we summarize the major genetics and statistical factors affecting predictive performance as well as current progress in the application of GS to rice breeding.We also highlight effective strategies to increase the predictive ability of various models,including GS models incorporating functional markers,genotype by environment interactions,multiple traits,selection index,and multiple omic data.Finally,we envision that integrating GS with other advanced breeding technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles and open-source breeding platforms will further improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of breeding.

Dynamic impact experiment and response characteristics analysis for 1:2 reduced-scale model of hydraulic support

It is significant to research the impact resistance properties of hydraulic support due to its key support role in the fully mechanized mining face.However,it is difficult for the entire hydraulic support to implement the impact experiment underground and analyze the response characteristic.Therefore,a dynamic impact experiment for the entire hydraulic support was proposed in this paper,where a 1:2 reducedscale model of hydraulic support was designed and its response characteristics under dynamic impact load were analyzed.Firstly,a comprehensive monitoring scheme was proposed to achieve an effective monitoring for dynamic response of hydraulic support.Secondly,a multi-scale impact experiment was carried out for the entire hydraulic support and dynamic behaviors of hydraulic support under the multi-scale impact load were revealed by experimental data.Then a dynamic impact experiment of the entire hydraulic support was simulated in ADAMS with the same experiment conditions,and the experimental and simulation data were verified mutually.Finally,the characteristics of energy conversion and dissipation of the entire experiment system after impact were analyzed.The experiment results showed that the impact resistance properties of hydraulic support largely depended on the initial support conditions and different vertical rigidities affected energy distribution proportion of the entire support system.

LIN28 expression and prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma patients who meet the Milan criteria and undergo hepatectomy

Stem cell marker LIN28,related closely with SOX2 and OCT4,has been studied as a biomarker for the maintainance of pluripotent cells in several malignancies.Our previous study showed that SOX2 and OCT4 were negative predictors for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the predictive value of LIN28 in HCC outcome is still undetermined.We hypothesized that LIN28 may also play a role as a biomarker for HCC.To test this hypothesis,we examined the expression of LIN28 in 129 radically resected HCC tissues using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and analyzed the association of LIN28 expression with clinicopathologic features and prognosis.Our study showed that LIN28 was expressed at a higher frequency in tumor tissues than in non-HCC tissues(45.0% vs.21.7%,P = 0.020).Moreover,LIN28 expression was significantly increased in cases with large tumor size(P = 0.010).Univariate analysis did not reveal a significant correlation between LIN28 expression and overall survival or recurrence-free survival.For HCC patients who met the Milan criteria,stratified analysis revealed shorter overall survival(P = 0.007) and recurrence-free survival(P < 0.001) in those with detectable LIN28 expression compared to those with no detectable LIN28 expression.Furthermore,multivariate analysis revealed that LIN28 was a negative independent predictor for both overall survival(hazard ratio= 7.093,P = 0.017) and recurrence-free survival(hazard ratio=5.518,P = 0.004) in patients who met the Milan criteria.Taken together,our results suggest that LIN28 identifies low-risk and high-risk subsets of HCC patients meeting the Milan criteria who undergo hepatectomy.

Interference-Driven Designs of Nonlinear-Phase FIR Filter with Application in FBMC System

In the forthcoming 5G systems, new technologies, such as amorphous networks and non-orthogonal filter bank multicarriers(FBMC), provide an effective way to accommodate high-rate transmissions. Meanwhile, the prototype filter affects the adjacent channel interference, and therefore is important for FBMC systems. Besides, once the amorphous network is taken into account, the requirement for interference controlmust be much stricter. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the design of prototype filter with better ability of interference controlling, where we exploit the nonlinear phase FIR filter(NLPFF) instead of traditional linear phase FIR filter(LPFF) to achieve more optimization spaces under a small sacrifice of linear phase. In ourdesigns, both the amplitude and phase responsesare handled independently to approach the stopband performance enhancements, in while the nearly perfect reconstruction(NPR) conditionsare relaxed by pre-specified thresholds. Computer simulations confirm the effectiveness of the NLPFF designs, and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed NLPFF in FBMC applications.

Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Ceftazidime-Avibactam Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria

Carbapenem resistance presents a major challenge for the global public health network, as clinical infections caused by carbapenem-resistant organisms(CRO) are frequently associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Ceftazidime–avibactam(CAZ–AVI) is a novel cephalosporin/β-lactamase inhibitor combination offering an important advance in the treatment of CRO infections. CAZ–AVI has been reported to inhibit the activities of Ambler classes A, C, and some class D enzymes. However, bacterial resistance has been emerging shortly after the introduction of this combination in clinical use, with an increasing trend. Understanding these resistance mechanisms is crucial for guiding the development of novel treatments and aiding in the prediction of underlying resistance mechanisms. This review aims to systematically summarize the epidemiology of CAZ–AVI-resistant strains and recently identified resistance mechanisms of CAZ–AVI, with a focus on the production of β-lactamase variants, the hyperexpression of β-lactamases, reduced permeability, and overexpressed efflux pumps. The various mechanisms of CAZ–AVI resistance that have emerged within a short timescale emphasize the need to optimize the use of current agents, as well as the necessity for the surveillance of CAZ–AVI-resistant pathogens.

中华人民共和国卫生壮举——爱国卫生运动

爱国卫生运动是中国共产党的优良传统,贯穿革命、建设和改革的各个历史时期,是党的传家宝。中华人民共和国成立前全国人口预期寿命为35岁,1957年达到了57岁,中国共产党用8年时间使中国人民的预期寿命增加了22岁,具体分析来看这里既包含结束大规模战乱的因素,也与医疗卫生事业的迅速发展以及开展全国性的爱国卫生运动有着非常密切的关系。中华人民共和国成立初期的疟疾、鼠疫、血吸虫病、霍乱等疾病严重影响人民群众的生命安全和身体健康,在血吸虫流行区甚至出现了"蒿草遍地,荒塚累累"的悲惨景象。

Device topological thermal management of β-Ga_(2)O_(3) Schottky barrier diodes

The ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor β gallium oxide(β-Ga_(2) O_(3)) gives promise to low conduction loss and high power for electronic devices. However, due to the natural poor thermal conductivity of β-Ga_(2) O_(3), their power devices suffer from serious self-heating effect. To overcome this problem, we emphasize on the effect of device structure on peak temperature in β-Ga_(2) O_(3) Schottky barrier diodes(SBDs) using TCAD simulation and experiment. The SBD topologies including crystal orientation of β-Ga_(2) O_(3), work function of Schottky metal, anode area, and thickness, were simulated in TCAD, showing that the thickness of β-Ga_(2) O_(3) plays a key role in reducing the peak temperature of diodes. Hence, we fabricated β-Ga_(2) O_(3) SBDs with three different thickness epitaxial layers and five different thickness substrates. The surface temperature of the diodes was measured using an infrared thermal imaging camera. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. Thus, our results provide a new thermal management strategy for high power β-Ga_(2) O_(3) diode.

Clinical effects of digital acupoint pressure combined with hot ironing for scapulohumeral periarthritis in Zhuang medicine

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of digital acupoint pressure combined with hot ironing of Zhuang medicine in the therapy of scapulohumeral periarthritis.Methods:160 patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group with 80 patients in each group.The treatment group was treated with digital acupoint pressure combined with hot ironing of Zhuang medicine.The control group was treated with intermediate frequency therapy apparatus.All the treatments were given once a day for 4 weeks,Then the effective rate as well as the scores of shoulder pain and joint inflammation,were calculated.Results:The shoulder pain score of the treatment group was 3.49±0.98,while that of control group was 5.33±1.26(P<0.05).The shoulder joint inflammation score in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group(73.24±7.20 vs 60.71±10.46,P<0.05).these results suggested that 4 weeks of treatments improved the shoulder function.Moreover,the effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group(86.25%vs 63.75%).Conclusion:Digital acupoint pressure combined with hot ironing in Zhuang medicine could relieve joint pain of patients with scapulohumeral periarthritis and improve their shoulder mobility.

Effects of non-Newtonian gravity on the properties of strange stars

The properties of strange star matter are studied in the equivparticle model with inclusion of non-Newtonian gravity. It is found that the inclusion of non-Newtonian gravity makes the equation of state stiffer if Witten＇s conjecture is true. Correspondingly, the maximum mass of strange stars becomes as large as two times the solar mass, and the maximum radius also becomes bigger. The coupling to boson mass ratio has been constrained within the stability range of strange quark matter.