Effect of the distance between focusing lens and target surface on quantitative analysis of Mn element in aluminum alloys by using filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Ultrafast laser filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy(FIBS)is a potential technique for quantitative analysis of trace elements.In this work,we investigate the effect of the distance between focusing lens and target surface on the FIBS quantitative analysis of Mn element in aluminum alloys,and several major parameters are calculated such as the linear correlation coefficient(R^2),limits of detection(LOD),relative standard deviation(RSD),and root-mean-square error of cross-validations(RMSECV).The results show that the quantitative analysis parameter values before and after filament position are different.The optimal value can be obtained at the filament region,the average values of total 23 positions of R^2,LOD,RSD,and RMAECV were 99.45%,1.41 mg/kg,7.12%,and 0.56%,respectively.Besides,the spatial distributions of quantitative analysis parameter values in filament region are noticeable,and this is essentially due to intensity clamping effect in a filament.

Tunica vaginalis testis metastasis as the first clinical manifestation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Metastases from pancreas or ampullary malignancies are common,but the spread to testicle and paratesticular tissue is exceedingly rare.To the best of our knowledge,fewer than 30 cases have been reported in the literature.More rarely,metastasis to tunica vaginalis testis occurs without involvement of the testes and epididymis.CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old male who complained of painless swelling of the left scrotum for over 1 wk was referred to the Department of Urology.Scrotal ultrasound showed left testicular hydrocele with paratesticular masses.Chest computed tomography revealed lung metastasis and enlarged left supraclavicular lymph node.The blood tumor markersalpha-fetoprotein,human chorionic gonadotropin,and serum lactate dehydrogenase were withinnormal limits.The preoperative diagnosis was left testicular tumor with lung metastasis.Then radical orchidectomy of the left testicle and high ligation of the spermatic cord were performed,and postoperative histopathology suggested metastatic tumors that was confirmed by an abdominal computed tomographic scan.The positive computed tomography findings,in conjunction with the expression of cytokeratin 7(CK7),CK20,CK5/6,and absence of expression of Wilms’tumor suppressor gene 1,calretinin,melanocyte,prostate-specific antigen,thyroid transcription factor-1,GATA binding protein 3,caudal type homeobox 2,and napsinA supported the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.The outcome of this patient was unsatisfactory,and he died 3 mo later.CONCLUSION This case suggests that pancreatic metastatic carcinoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of scrotal enlargement.The advanced age of the patient wassuggestive of a secondary testicular tumor.In addition,careful physical examination and ultrasonography as well as radiological examination have become a standard modality.