Trajectory equation of a lump before and after collision with other waves for generalized Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation

Based on the Hirota bilinear and long wave limit methods,the hybrid solutions of m-lump with n-soliton and nbreather wave for generalized Hirota–Satsuma–Ito(GHSI)equation are constructed.Then,by approximating solutions of the GHSI equation along some parallel orbits at infinity,the trajectory equation of a lump wave before and after collisions with n-soliton and n-breather wave are studied,and the expressions of phase shift for lump wave before and after collisions are given.Furthermore,it is revealed that collisions between the lump wave and other waves are elastic,the corresponding collision diagrams are used to further explain.

Characterization and expression analysis of genes encoding Taxol biosynthetic enzymes in Taxus spp.

Taxol(Paclitaxel),an important anticancer drug,is derived at very low yields from Taxus(yew)species that grow very slowly.In the present study,thirteen genes that encode enzymes involved in Taxol biosynthesis in Taxus spp.were analyzed with bioinformatics methods,and their expression levels in different tissues and after cold and hormone treatments were also analyzed.The results indicated that many cis-elements related to abiotic stresses and hormones were found in the promoter sequences of the 8 genes involved in Taxol biosynthesis.Moreover,the 13 enzymes encoded by the target genes were located in different organelles and had many phosphorylation sites in the response proteins.The 13 genes were expressed highly either in roots or in stems,with lower transcripts in needles,and they were highly expressed after treatment with cold,gibberellin,methyl jasmonate or coronatine,consistent with predictions based on the bioinformatics analysis.These results suggest that the factors such as hormones and abiotic stresses stimulate taxane biosynthesis in yews,providing an important way to sustainably generate taxanes from yew trees or their cell cultures to improve Taxol yields.

机体尾缘形状对高压捕获翼构型亚声速特性影响

基于圆锥-圆台组合平板捕获翼构型,通过改变尾缘展向扩张角,获得一系列不同外形,在典型亚声速(Ma=0.5)来流条件下开展数值计算,并重点分析了机体尾部截面形状和攻角变化对流动特性和气动特性的影响。结果表明:在0°攻角状态下,机体尾截面展向变宽,机体与捕获翼之间的流场区域对来流的扩张减弱,机体圆台上表面的逆压梯度减小,可有效抑制机-翼之间流场内的流动分离现象,同时整机升力系数增大,阻力系数先减小后增大。随攻角增大,机体圆台上表面压力增大,分离区范围逐渐缩小直至消失,机体尾截面展向变宽可加速分离区消失的进程。当攻角进一步增大时,机体背风面出现横向绕流,但机体尾截面展向变宽可以延缓横向绕流的发展。计算结果还表明,随攻角增大整机升力及阻力主要由捕获翼贡献,机体贡献的气动力随攻角变化不敏感,机体尾截面展向变宽对整机焦点位置影响较小。机体下表面几何形状变化对机体与捕获翼之间的区域内流动特性和捕获翼部件的气动力特性无明显影响。

Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids ameliorate methamphetamine-induced depression-and anxiety-like behaviors in a Sigmar-1 receptor-dependent manner

Methamphetamine(Meth)abuse can cause serious mental disorders,including anxiety and depression.The gut microbiota is a crucial contributor to maintaining host mental health.Here,we aim to investigate if microbiota participate in Meth-induced mental disorders,and the potential mechanisms involved.Here,15 mg/kg Meth resulted in anxiety-and depression-like behaviors of mice successfully and suppressed the Sigma-1 receptor(SIGMAR1)/BDNF/TRKB pathway in the hippocampus.Mean-while,Meth impaired gut homeostasis by arousing the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)-related colonic inflammation,disturbing the gut microbiome and reducing the microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs).Moreover,fecal microbiota from Meth-administrated mice mediated the colonic inflam-mation and reproduced anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in recipients.Further,SCFAs supple-mentation optimized Meth-induced microbial dysbiosis,ameliorated colonic inflammation,and repressed anxiety-and depression-like behaviors.Finally,Sigmarl knockout(Sigmar1^(-/-))repressed the BDNF/TRKB pathway and produced similar behavioral phenotypes with Meth exposure,and elim-inated the anti-anxiety and-depression effects of SCFAs.The activation of SIGMAR1 with fluvoxamine attenuated Meth-induced anxiety-and depression-like behaviors.Our findings indicated that gut microbiota-derived SCFAs could optimize gut homeostasis,and ameliorate Meth-induced mental disorders in a SIGMAR1-dependent manner.This study confirms the crucial role of microbiota in Methrelated mental disorders and provides a potential preemptive therapy.

Boosting the dimensionality of frequency entanglement using a reconfigurable microring resonator

Integrated quantum frequency combs(QFCs)based on microring resonators supplies as an essential resource for expanding the Hilbert-space dimensionality for high-dimensional quantum computing and information processing.In this work,we propose and demonstrate a reconfigurable ring resonator with tunable quality factors to efficiently increase the dimensionality of frequency entanglement,simultaneously,ensuring a high on-chip pair generation rate(PGR)and coincidence-to-accidental ratio(CAR).Our method exploits the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer instead of the traditional straight waveguide as the coupler of resonators which offer a tunable external coupling coefficient to modulate the quality factor to enlarge the QFCs’bandwidth and thus increase the dimensionality of frequency entanglement.We measured the QFCs’joint spectral intensity of 28 frequency pairs under various quality factors ranging from 16.6×10^(4) to 3.4×10^(4).Meanwhile,the measured Schmidt number increased from 11.01 to 24.77,denoting a huge expansion of the Hilbert-space dimensionality from 121 to a record number of 613 dimensions,which agrees well with our theoretical calculations.In addition,the PGR and CAR-another two key parameters for high-quality QFCs-were all measured under different quality factors to verify that our method can significantly increase the Schmidt number and CAR while maintaining a high PGR.In fact,bright QFCs with a total PGR of 4.3 MHz under a 0.48 mW pump power and a mean CAR of 1578 were simultaneously obtained at the highest Schmidt number.This method is widely applicable to other material-based ring resonators and can act as a general solution for high-dimensional QFCs.

Decontamination of Cr(VI) facilitated formation of persistent free radicals on rice husk derived biochar

This study investigated the facilitation of Cr(VI)decontamination to the formation of persistent free radicals(PFRs)on rice husk derived biochar.It was found that Cr(VI)remediation by biochar facilitated the production of PFRs,which increased with the concentration of treated Cr(VI).However,excessive Cr(VI)would induce their decay.Biochar with high pyrolysis temperature possessed great performance to Cr(VI)removal,which was mainly originated from its reduction by biochar from Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.And the corresponding generation of PFRs on biochar was primarily ascribed to the oxidization of phenolic hydroxyl groups by Cr(VI)from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis,which was further verified by the H2O2 treatment experiments.The findings of this study will help to illustrate the transformation of reactive functional groups on biochar and provide a new insight into the role of biochar in environmental remediation.

Simultaneous improvement to solubility and bioavailability of active natural compound isosteviol using cyclodextrin metal-organic frameworks

Cyclodextrin metal-organic framework(CD-MOF)as a highly porous supramolecular carrier could be one of the solutions to the insolubility of isosteviol(STV).The solubility of STV was lower than20.00 ng/mL at pH 1.0 and pH 4.5,whilst its solubility increased to 20,074.30 ng/mL at pH 6.8 and129.58 ng/mL in water with a significant pH-dependence.The in vitro release profiles of STV from STV@CD-MOF(0.5:1)were pH-independent in distinct pH media and closed to be thoroughly released but no such release profiles were observed for STV@CD-MOF(1:1)owing to nanoclusters formation.The bioavailability of STV@CD-MOF(1:1)in rats was 8.67-fold higher than that of STV,and was1.32-and 1.27-fold higher than that of STV@CD and STV@CD-MOF(0.5:1).Our results indicated that the inclusion mechanism played a primary role when STV in CD-MOF was at a low loading ratio,while the increasement in bioavailability at a high loading ratio,which was attributed to the nanocluster mechanism.This was confirmed by molecular simulation.In conclusion,CD-MOF is a promising system for STV loading,overcoming the insolubility and to improve the bioavailability of this natural compound.

MiR-711 and miR-183-3p as potential markers for vital reaction of burned skin

In forensic practice,the identification of antemortem burns and postmortem burns is of the utmost importance.Reports from previous studies have shown that miRNAs,with lengths stretching over 18–25 nucleotides,are highly stable and resistant to degradation.However,there has been little research into the application of miRNAs in identifying antemortem and postmortem burns.This study compared the expression of miR-711 and miR-183-3p levels in mouse and postmortem human burned skins using RT-qPCR assay.RT-qPCR examination of burned mouse skins showed that increased miR-711 and miR-183-3p expression in comparison to intact skin tissues.The increased expressions of these two miRNAs were observed until 120 h after death in burned mouse skins,whereas no significant changes were found in postmortem burned skins.In human burned skins,the increased levels of these two miRNAs at 48 h following autopsy occurred in 19 of 26 subjects,which appeared to be related to the severity of the burn.These findings suggest that miR-711 and miR-183-3p may act as biomarkers for vital reaction of skin burn.

Role of Intracellular Distribution of Feline and Bovine SAMHD1 Proteins in Lentiviral Restriction

Human SAMHD1(h SAM)restricts lentiviruses at the reverse transcription step through its d NTP triphosphohydrolase(d NTPase)activity.Besides humans,several mammalian species such as cats and cows that carry their own lentiviruses also express SAMHD1.However,the intracellular distribution of feline and bovine SAMHD1(f SAM and b SAM)and its significance in their lentiviral restriction function is not known.Here,we demonstrated that f SAM and b SAM were both predominantly localized to the nucleus and nuclear localization signal(11KRPR14)-deleted f SAM and b SAM relocalized to the cytoplasm.Both cytoplasmic f SAM and b SAM retained the antiviral function against different lentiviruses and cytoplasmic f SAM could restrict Vpx-encoding SIV and HIV-2 more efficiently than its wild-type(WT)protein as cytoplasmic h SAM.Further investigation revealed that cytoplasmic f SAM was resistant to Vpx-induced degradation like cytoplasmic h SAM,while cytoplasmic b SAM was not,but they all demonstrated the same in vitro d NTPase activity and all could interact with Vpx as their WT proteins,indicating that cytoplasmic h SAM and f SAM can suppress more SIV and HIV-2 by being less sensitive to Vpx-mediated degradation.Our results suggested that f SAM-and b SAM-mediated lentiviral restriction does not require their nuclear localization and that f SAM shares more common features with h SAM.These findings may provide insights for the establishment of alternative animal models to study SAMHD1 in vivo.