Bulk graphene nanofilms feature fast electronic and phonon transport in combination with strong light-matter interaction and thus have great potential for versatile applications,spanning from photonic,electronic,and o...Bulk graphene nanofilms feature fast electronic and phonon transport in combination with strong light-matter interaction and thus have great potential for versatile applications,spanning from photonic,electronic,and optoelectronic devices to charge-stripping and electromagnetic shielding,etc.However,large-area flexible close-stacked graphene nanofilms with a wide thickness range have yet to be reported.Here,we report a polyacrylonitrile-assisted’substrate replacement’strategy to fabricate large-area free-standing graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile nanofilms(lateral size~20 cm).Linear polyacrylonitrile chains-derived nanochannels promote the escape of gases and enable macro-assembled graphene nanofilms(nMAGs)of 50-600 nm thickness following heat treatment at 3,000℃.The uniform nMAGs exhibit 802-1,540 cm^(2)V-1s-1carrier mobility,4.3-4.7 ps carrier lifetime,and>1,581 W m^(-1)K^(-1)thermal conductivity(n MAG-assembled 10μm-thick films,mMAGs).nMAGs are highly flexible and show no structure damage even after 1.0×10^(5)cycles of folding-unfolding.Furthermore,n MAGs broaden the detection region of graphene/silicon heterojunction from near-infrared to mid-infrared and demonstrate higher absolute electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding effectiveness than state-of-the-art EMI materials of the same thickness.These results are expected to lead to the broad applications of such bulk nanofilms,especially as micro/nanoelectronic and optoelectronic platforms.展开更多
Most multimodal multi-objective evolutionary algorithms(MMEAs)aim to find all global Pareto optimal sets(PSs)for a multimodal multi-objective optimization problem(MMOP).However,in real-world problems,decision makers(D...Most multimodal multi-objective evolutionary algorithms(MMEAs)aim to find all global Pareto optimal sets(PSs)for a multimodal multi-objective optimization problem(MMOP).However,in real-world problems,decision makers(DMs)may be also interested in local PSs.Also,searching for both global and local PSs is more general in view of dealing with MMOPs,which can be seen as generalized MMOPs.Moreover,most state-of-theart MMEAs exhibit poor convergence on high-dimension MMOPs and are unable to deal with constrained MMOPs.To address the above issues,we present a novel multimodal multiobjective coevolutionary algorithm(Co MMEA)to better produce both global and local PSs,and simultaneously,to improve the convergence performance in dealing with high-dimension MMOPs.Specifically,the Co MMEA introduces two archives to the search process,and coevolves them simultaneously through effective knowledge transfer.The convergence archive assists the Co MMEA to quickly approach the Pareto optimal front.The knowledge of the converged solutions is then transferred to the diversity archive which utilizes the local convergence indicator and the-dominance-based method to obtain global and local PSs effectively.Experimental results show that Co MMEA is competitive compared to seven state-of-the-art MMEAs on fifty-four complex MMOPs.展开更多
Traditional expert-designed branching rules in branch-and-bound(B&B) are static, often failing to adapt to diverse and evolving problem instances. Crafting these rules is labor-intensive, and may not scale well wi...Traditional expert-designed branching rules in branch-and-bound(B&B) are static, often failing to adapt to diverse and evolving problem instances. Crafting these rules is labor-intensive, and may not scale well with complex problems.Given the frequent need to solve varied combinatorial optimization problems, leveraging statistical learning to auto-tune B&B algorithms for specific problem classes becomes attractive. This paper proposes a graph pointer network model to learn the branch rules. Graph features, global features and historical features are designated to represent the solver state. The graph neural network processes graph features, while the pointer mechanism assimilates the global and historical features to finally determine the variable on which to branch. The model is trained to imitate the expert strong branching rule by a tailored top-k Kullback-Leibler divergence loss function. Experiments on a series of benchmark problems demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the widely used expert-designed branching rules. It also outperforms state-of-the-art machine-learning-based branch-and-bound methods in terms of solving speed and search tree size on all the test instances. In addition, the model can generalize to unseen instances and scale to larger instances.展开更多
Many carbonate-hosted talc mineralization,which are widespread in South China,exclusively developed in Carboniferous dolomitic limestone with many siliceous bands and nodules,and cherts.One of those typical deposits i...Many carbonate-hosted talc mineralization,which are widespread in South China,exclusively developed in Carboniferous dolomitic limestone with many siliceous bands and nodules,and cherts.One of those typical deposits is the Guling talc deposit in Mashan County,central Guangxi province,with a talc reserve of1.51 million tons.Mineral associations in the deposit are sample,mainly including talc and calcite.In this paper,Sm-Nd isotopic system and rare earth elements and yttrium(REE + Y) for the hydrothermal calcite intergrown with talc are used to constrain the age and origin of the talc mineralization.The hydrothermal calcite samples from the deposit display Sm and Nd concentrations ranging from 0.18 to 0.85 and 0.85 to 4.56 ppm,respectively,and variable Sm/Nd ratios of 0.21-0.24.These calcites further yield an Sm-Nd isochron age of 232 ±19 Ma(2a)(MSWD = 0.47) with an concordant initial ^(143)Nd-^(144)Nd ratios of 0.511967 ± 0.000017,which should be interpreted as the mineralization age of the Guling talc deposit.In addition,the calcite samples are enriched in REE with the variable SREE contents ranging from 4.82 to21.50 ppm and display relatively consistent chondritenormalized REE + Y patterns with the LREE enrichment(LREE/HREE=2.00-3.60)and the obvious negative Eu(δEu=0.52-0.68)and Ce(δCe=0.16-0.33)anomalies.The Y/Ho ratios of seven calcites varies from 43.30 to59.34,with a mean value of 49.73.The available mineral associations and REE parameters(i.e.,REE patterns and Y/Ho ratios) of those calcites indicate that the ore-forming fluids of the talc mineralization be probably derived from the meteoric waters,in particular evolved ones in the Karst areas and the ore-forming materials(e.g.,Si and Mg) are likely to be originated from the ore-bearing dolostone in the Yanguan Formation(C_1y) and underlying siliceous rocks in the Liujiang Formation(D_3l).Furthermore,the talc mineralization could take place within a hydrothermal system with relative oxidizing environment and middle temperature,due to the obvious negative Eu and Ce anomalies in the calcites in the Guling deposit.展开更多
The Shangling vanadium deposit, which occurs in the Lower Devonian Tangding formation black rock series strata, has V2O5 reserves of more than 1.5 million tons and prospective reserves of more than 2 million tons. Pre...The Shangling vanadium deposit, which occurs in the Lower Devonian Tangding formation black rock series strata, has V2O5 reserves of more than 1.5 million tons and prospective reserves of more than 2 million tons. Preliminary studies on the occurrence state of vanadium(V) in this deposit have been conducted by artificial heavy minerals concentrates, leaching experiments, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction.These experiments have revealed no independent vanadium mineral occurrences in the Shangling vanadium deposit and the percentages of water-soluble vanadium, hydrochloric acid soluble vanadium and HF soluble vanadium were1.93 %, 21.42 % and 76.47 %, respectively. Based on our data and earlier research, we estimate that the valences state of V absorbed onto the surface of organic matter or clastic particles are +5 and +4, accounting for 10.00 % and13.35 % of the total amount of V, respectively and the valences state of V that exist in the octahedral crystal lattice of authigenic illite include +3 and +4, accounting for71.64 % and 4.83 % of the total amount of V, respectively.By calculating the correlation between the total organic carbon and V, we infer that after deposition and before entering the crystal lattice of illite, V occurs in the form of humate complex or is adsorbed by organic matter. About4.24 % of the Al is in the octahedral crystal lattice of illite,which was replaced by the vanadium under the metallogenic environments of Shanglin.展开更多
Objective:To study the mechanism of action and therapeutic effect of modified Qiwei Baishu powder in diabetic patients.Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022,80 diabetic patients were recruited in our study and div...Objective:To study the mechanism of action and therapeutic effect of modified Qiwei Baishu powder in diabetic patients.Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022,80 diabetic patients were recruited in our study and divided into two groups by the random number table method.Group A was treated with modified Qiwei Baishu powder,whereas group B was treated with western medicine.The therapeutic effect,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score,blood sugar level,and incidence of adverse reaction were compared between the two groups.Result:The therapeutic effect in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(P<0.05);the TCM syndrome scores of group A were significantly lower than those of group B(P<0.05);the fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 hour-postprandial blood glucose(PBG),and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels of group A were significantly lower than those of group B(P<0.05);the incidence of adverse reaction in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:On the basis of western medicine,the addition of modified Qiwei Baishu powder can maintain stable blood sugar levels in patients and alleviate diabetic symptoms;thus,it is not only effective,but also safe for clinical use in diabetes.展开更多
Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases...Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases from 44 CBCC centers were included.Data of diagnosis,treatment and pathology were collected.Results:The average age was 63.5 year-old and most patients were male(84.3%).The most common histologic types were urothelial carcinoma(91.4%),adenocarcinoma(1.8%),and squamous carcinoma(1.9%).According to 1973 and 2004 WHO grading system,42.0%,41.0%,and 17.0% of patients were grade 1,2,and 3,and 16.0%,48.7%,and 35.3% of patients were papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential,low,and high grade,respectively.Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)and muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)were 25.2% and 74.1%,respectively(0.8% not clear).Carcinoma in situ was only 2.4%.Most patients were diagnosed by white-light cystoscopy with biopsy(74.3%).Fluorescence and narrow band imaging cystoscopy had additional detection rate of 1.0% and 4.0%,respectively.Diagnostic transurethral resection(TUR)provided detection rate of 16.9%.Most NMIBCs were treated with TUR(89.2%).After initial TUR,2.6%accepted second TUR,and 45.7%,69.9%,and 58.7% accepted immediate,induced,and maintenance chemotherapy instillation,respectively.Most MIBCs were treated with radical cystectomy(RC,59.7%).Laparoscopic RCs were 35.1%,while open RC 63.4%.Extended and standard pelvic lymph node dissection were 7% and 66%,respectively.Three most common urinary diversions were orthotopic neobladder(44%),ileal conduit(31%),and ureterocutaneostomy(23%).Only 2.3% of patients accepted neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and only 18%of T3 and T4 patients accepted adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion:Disease characteristics are similar to international reports,while differences of diagnosis and treatment exist.This study can provide evidences for revisions of the guideline on bladder cancer in China.展开更多
Objective:To explore the genetic changes in the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)and neuroendocrine prostate cancer(NEPC)and the reason why these cancers resist existing therapies.Methods:We em...Objective:To explore the genetic changes in the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)and neuroendocrine prostate cancer(NEPC)and the reason why these cancers resist existing therapies.Methods:We employed our CRPC cell line microarray and other CRPC or NEPC datasets to screen the target gene NEIL3.Lentiviral transfection and RNA interference were used to construct overexpression and knockdown cell lines.Cell and animal models of radiotherapy were established by using a medical electron linear accelerator.Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis or cell cycle progression.Western blot and qPCR were used to detect changes in the protein and RNA levels.Results:TCGA and clinical patient datasets indicated that NEIL3 was downregulated in CRPC and NEPC cell lines,and NEIL3 was correlated with a high Gleason score but a good prognosis.Further functional studies demonstrated that NEIL3 had no effect on the proliferation and migration of PCa cells.However,cell and animal radiotherapy models revealed that NEIL3 could facilitate the radiotherapy sensitivity of PCa cells,while loss of NEIL3 activated radiotherapy resistance.Mechanistically,we found that NEIL3 negatively regulated the expression of ATR,and higher NEIL3 expression repressed the ATR/CHK1 pathway,thus regulating the cell cycle.Conclusions:We demonstrated that NEIL3 may serve as a diagnostic or therapeutic target for therapy-resistant patients.展开更多
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EGE)is a gastrointestinal disorder of unclear etiology that is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the stomach and small intestine,and consists of mucosal,muscular,and serosal su...Eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EGE)is a gastrointestinal disorder of unclear etiology that is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the stomach and small intestine,and consists of mucosal,muscular,and serosal subtypes.Eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract is a fundamental histopathological characteristic of EGE and is driven by several T-helper type 2(Th2)-dependent cytokines and induced by food allergy.Due to the lack of a diagnostic gold standard,EGE has a high rate of delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis.However,several new diagnostic strategies have been developed,such as novel genetic biomarkers and imaging tests.Although dietary therapy and corticosteroids remain the common choices for EGE treatment,recent decades have seen the emergence of novel treatment alternatives,such as biologics that target particular molecules involved in the pathogenic process.Preliminary investigations and clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of biologics and provided additional insights for the era of refractory or corticosteroid-dependent EGE biologics.展开更多
Assembling two-dimensional(2D)sheets into macroscopic three-dimensional(3D)forms has created a promising material family with rich functionalities.Multiscale wrinkles are intrinsic features of 2D sheets in their 3D as...Assembling two-dimensional(2D)sheets into macroscopic three-dimensional(3D)forms has created a promising material family with rich functionalities.Multiscale wrinkles are intrinsic features of 2D sheets in their 3D assembles.Therefore,the precise wrinkling modulation optimizes the transition of outstanding properties of 2D sheets to expected performances of assembled materials and dominates their fabrication process.The wrinkling evolution of 2D sheets assembling onto flat surfaces has been extensively understood,however,the wrinkling behaviors on the more generally curved surface still remain unclear.Here,we investigate the wrinkling behaviors of graphene oxide sheets assembled onto curved surfaces and reveal the selection rule of wrinkling modes that determined by the curvature mismatch between 2D sheets and target surfaces.We uncover that three wrinkling modes including isotropic cracked land,labyrinth,and anisotropic curtain phases,respectively emerge on flat,spherical,and cylindrical surfaces.A favorable description paradigm is offered to quantitatively measure the complex wrinkling patterns and assess the curvature mismatch constraint underlying the wrinkling mode selection.This research provides a general and quantitative description framework of wrinkling modulation of 2D materials such as high performance graphene fibers,and guides the precise fabrication of particles and functional coatings.展开更多
To the Editor:Due to the highly complex nature of intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)planning and delivery,patient specific quality assurance(PSQA)should be implemented to assure the reliability of treatment delive...To the Editor:Due to the highly complex nature of intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)planning and delivery,patient specific quality assurance(PSQA)should be implemented to assure the reliability of treatment delivery and improve the treatment efficacy.展开更多
Prostate cancer(PCa)is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men.The Rac1-GTP inhibitor NSC23766 has been shown to suppress PCa growth.However,these therapies have low tumor-targeting efficacy in vivo.Therefore...Prostate cancer(PCa)is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men.The Rac1-GTP inhibitor NSC23766 has been shown to suppress PCa growth.However,these therapies have low tumor-targeting efficacy in vivo.Therefore,it is essential to produce a drug delivery system that specifically targets the tumor site.Herein,novel l-phenylalanine-based poly(ester amide)(Phe-PEA)polymers were synthesized and loaded with NSC23766(NSC23766@8P6 NPs),which had a small particle size(162.3±6.7nm)and high NSC23766 loading(8.0%±1.1%)with a more rapid release of NSC23766 at pH 5.0.In vitro cellu-lar uptake and cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that NSC23766@8P6 NPs were rapidly taken up by PC3 cells and showed significant effects of PCa cell proliferation inhibition and G2/M phase arrest.Further-more,in vivo studies using PC3-bearing mice demonstrated that NSC23766@8P6 NPs delivered by in-travenous injection not only increased the drug concentration with prolonged retention(96h)at the tumor site,but also inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis.In conclusion,we have discovered that NSC23766@8P6 NPs can serve as a delivery system that targets the tumor site and is therefore a promising therapeutic approach for PCa treatment.展开更多
Ferroptosis,a distinctive form of programmed cell death,is involved in numerous diseases with specific characteristics,including certain cell morphology,functions,biochemistry,and genetics,that differ from other forms...Ferroptosis,a distinctive form of programmed cell death,is involved in numerous diseases with specific characteristics,including certain cell morphology,functions,biochemistry,and genetics,that differ from other forms of programmed cell death,such as apoptosis.Many studies have explored ferroptosis and its associated mechanisms,drugs,and clinical applications in diseases such as kidney injury,stroke,ischemia-reperfusion injury,and prostate cancer.In this review,we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of some ferroptosis inducers,such as enzalutamide and erastin.These are current research focuses and have already been studied extensively.In summary,this review focuses on the use of ferroptosis induction as a therapeutic strategy for treating tumors of the urinary system.展开更多
Background:Accurate evaluation of lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer(BCa)is important for disease staging,treatment selection,and prognosis prediction.In this study,we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of...Background:Accurate evaluation of lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer(BCa)is important for disease staging,treatment selection,and prognosis prediction.In this study,we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of com-puted tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for metastatic lymph nodes in BCa and establish criteria of imaging diagnosis.Methods:We retrospectively assessed the imaging characteristics of 191 BCa patients who underwent radical cys-tectomy.The data regarding size,shape,density,and diffusion of the lymph nodes on CT and/or MRI were obtained and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and χ^(2) test.The optimal cutoff value for the size of metastatic node was deter-mined using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results:A total of 184 out of 3317 resected lymph nodes were diagnosed as metastatic lymph nodes.Among 82 imaging-detectable lymph nodes,51 were confirmed to be positive for metastasis.The detection rate of metastatic nodes increased along with more advanced tumor stage(P<0.001).Once the ratio of short-to long-axis diameter≤0.4 or fatty hilum was observed in lymph nodes on imaging,it indicated non-metastases.Besides,lymph nodes with spiculate or obscure margin or necrosis indicated metastases.Furthermore,the short diameter of 6.8 mm was the optimal threshold to diagnose metastatic lymph node,with the area under ROC curve of 0.815.Conclusions:The probability of metastatic nodes significantly increased with more advanced T stages.Once lymph nodes are detected on imaging,the characteristic signs should be paid attention to.The short diameter>6.8 mm may indicate metastatic lymph nodes in BCa.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52090030)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022T150558,2020M681819)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2021FZZX001-17)the Postdoctoral Research Program of Zhejiang Province(ZJ2021145).
文摘Bulk graphene nanofilms feature fast electronic and phonon transport in combination with strong light-matter interaction and thus have great potential for versatile applications,spanning from photonic,electronic,and optoelectronic devices to charge-stripping and electromagnetic shielding,etc.However,large-area flexible close-stacked graphene nanofilms with a wide thickness range have yet to be reported.Here,we report a polyacrylonitrile-assisted’substrate replacement’strategy to fabricate large-area free-standing graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile nanofilms(lateral size~20 cm).Linear polyacrylonitrile chains-derived nanochannels promote the escape of gases and enable macro-assembled graphene nanofilms(nMAGs)of 50-600 nm thickness following heat treatment at 3,000℃.The uniform nMAGs exhibit 802-1,540 cm^(2)V-1s-1carrier mobility,4.3-4.7 ps carrier lifetime,and>1,581 W m^(-1)K^(-1)thermal conductivity(n MAG-assembled 10μm-thick films,mMAGs).nMAGs are highly flexible and show no structure damage even after 1.0×10^(5)cycles of folding-unfolding.Furthermore,n MAGs broaden the detection region of graphene/silicon heterojunction from near-infrared to mid-infrared and demonstrate higher absolute electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding effectiveness than state-of-the-art EMI materials of the same thickness.These results are expected to lead to the broad applications of such bulk nanofilms,especially as micro/nanoelectronic and optoelectronic platforms.
基金supported by the Open Project of Xiangjiang Laboratory(22XJ02003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62122093,72071205)。
文摘Most multimodal multi-objective evolutionary algorithms(MMEAs)aim to find all global Pareto optimal sets(PSs)for a multimodal multi-objective optimization problem(MMOP).However,in real-world problems,decision makers(DMs)may be also interested in local PSs.Also,searching for both global and local PSs is more general in view of dealing with MMOPs,which can be seen as generalized MMOPs.Moreover,most state-of-theart MMEAs exhibit poor convergence on high-dimension MMOPs and are unable to deal with constrained MMOPs.To address the above issues,we present a novel multimodal multiobjective coevolutionary algorithm(Co MMEA)to better produce both global and local PSs,and simultaneously,to improve the convergence performance in dealing with high-dimension MMOPs.Specifically,the Co MMEA introduces two archives to the search process,and coevolves them simultaneously through effective knowledge transfer.The convergence archive assists the Co MMEA to quickly approach the Pareto optimal front.The knowledge of the converged solutions is then transferred to the diversity archive which utilizes the local convergence indicator and the-dominance-based method to obtain global and local PSs effectively.Experimental results show that Co MMEA is competitive compared to seven state-of-the-art MMEAs on fifty-four complex MMOPs.
基金supported by the Open Project of Xiangjiang Laboratory (22XJ02003)Scientific Project of the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT)(ZK21-07, 23-ZZCX-JDZ-28)+1 种基金the National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars (62122093)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72071205)。
文摘Traditional expert-designed branching rules in branch-and-bound(B&B) are static, often failing to adapt to diverse and evolving problem instances. Crafting these rules is labor-intensive, and may not scale well with complex problems.Given the frequent need to solve varied combinatorial optimization problems, leveraging statistical learning to auto-tune B&B algorithms for specific problem classes becomes attractive. This paper proposes a graph pointer network model to learn the branch rules. Graph features, global features and historical features are designated to represent the solver state. The graph neural network processes graph features, while the pointer mechanism assimilates the global and historical features to finally determine the variable on which to branch. The model is trained to imitate the expert strong branching rule by a tailored top-k Kullback-Leibler divergence loss function. Experiments on a series of benchmark problems demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the widely used expert-designed branching rules. It also outperforms state-of-the-art machine-learning-based branch-and-bound methods in terms of solving speed and search tree size on all the test instances. In addition, the model can generalize to unseen instances and scale to larger instances.
基金funded by The 12th Five Year Plan project of State Key Laboratory of Ore-deposit Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SKLODG-ZY125-04)China Natural Science Foundation(41372105)
文摘Many carbonate-hosted talc mineralization,which are widespread in South China,exclusively developed in Carboniferous dolomitic limestone with many siliceous bands and nodules,and cherts.One of those typical deposits is the Guling talc deposit in Mashan County,central Guangxi province,with a talc reserve of1.51 million tons.Mineral associations in the deposit are sample,mainly including talc and calcite.In this paper,Sm-Nd isotopic system and rare earth elements and yttrium(REE + Y) for the hydrothermal calcite intergrown with talc are used to constrain the age and origin of the talc mineralization.The hydrothermal calcite samples from the deposit display Sm and Nd concentrations ranging from 0.18 to 0.85 and 0.85 to 4.56 ppm,respectively,and variable Sm/Nd ratios of 0.21-0.24.These calcites further yield an Sm-Nd isochron age of 232 ±19 Ma(2a)(MSWD = 0.47) with an concordant initial ^(143)Nd-^(144)Nd ratios of 0.511967 ± 0.000017,which should be interpreted as the mineralization age of the Guling talc deposit.In addition,the calcite samples are enriched in REE with the variable SREE contents ranging from 4.82 to21.50 ppm and display relatively consistent chondritenormalized REE + Y patterns with the LREE enrichment(LREE/HREE=2.00-3.60)and the obvious negative Eu(δEu=0.52-0.68)and Ce(δCe=0.16-0.33)anomalies.The Y/Ho ratios of seven calcites varies from 43.30 to59.34,with a mean value of 49.73.The available mineral associations and REE parameters(i.e.,REE patterns and Y/Ho ratios) of those calcites indicate that the ore-forming fluids of the talc mineralization be probably derived from the meteoric waters,in particular evolved ones in the Karst areas and the ore-forming materials(e.g.,Si and Mg) are likely to be originated from the ore-bearing dolostone in the Yanguan Formation(C_1y) and underlying siliceous rocks in the Liujiang Formation(D_3l).Furthermore,the talc mineralization could take place within a hydrothermal system with relative oxidizing environment and middle temperature,due to the obvious negative Eu and Ce anomalies in the calcites in the Guling deposit.
基金the State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for supporting this projectfunded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41372105)the 12th Five-Year Plan Project of the State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SKLODGZY125-04)
文摘The Shangling vanadium deposit, which occurs in the Lower Devonian Tangding formation black rock series strata, has V2O5 reserves of more than 1.5 million tons and prospective reserves of more than 2 million tons. Preliminary studies on the occurrence state of vanadium(V) in this deposit have been conducted by artificial heavy minerals concentrates, leaching experiments, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction.These experiments have revealed no independent vanadium mineral occurrences in the Shangling vanadium deposit and the percentages of water-soluble vanadium, hydrochloric acid soluble vanadium and HF soluble vanadium were1.93 %, 21.42 % and 76.47 %, respectively. Based on our data and earlier research, we estimate that the valences state of V absorbed onto the surface of organic matter or clastic particles are +5 and +4, accounting for 10.00 % and13.35 % of the total amount of V, respectively and the valences state of V that exist in the octahedral crystal lattice of authigenic illite include +3 and +4, accounting for71.64 % and 4.83 % of the total amount of V, respectively.By calculating the correlation between the total organic carbon and V, we infer that after deposition and before entering the crystal lattice of illite, V occurs in the form of humate complex or is adsorbed by organic matter. About4.24 % of the Al is in the octahedral crystal lattice of illite,which was replaced by the vanadium under the metallogenic environments of Shanglin.
文摘Objective:To study the mechanism of action and therapeutic effect of modified Qiwei Baishu powder in diabetic patients.Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022,80 diabetic patients were recruited in our study and divided into two groups by the random number table method.Group A was treated with modified Qiwei Baishu powder,whereas group B was treated with western medicine.The therapeutic effect,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score,blood sugar level,and incidence of adverse reaction were compared between the two groups.Result:The therapeutic effect in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(P<0.05);the TCM syndrome scores of group A were significantly lower than those of group B(P<0.05);the fasting blood glucose(FBG),2 hour-postprandial blood glucose(PBG),and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels of group A were significantly lower than those of group B(P<0.05);the incidence of adverse reaction in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:On the basis of western medicine,the addition of modified Qiwei Baishu powder can maintain stable blood sugar levels in patients and alleviate diabetic symptoms;thus,it is not only effective,but also safe for clinical use in diabetes.
文摘Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases from 44 CBCC centers were included.Data of diagnosis,treatment and pathology were collected.Results:The average age was 63.5 year-old and most patients were male(84.3%).The most common histologic types were urothelial carcinoma(91.4%),adenocarcinoma(1.8%),and squamous carcinoma(1.9%).According to 1973 and 2004 WHO grading system,42.0%,41.0%,and 17.0% of patients were grade 1,2,and 3,and 16.0%,48.7%,and 35.3% of patients were papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential,low,and high grade,respectively.Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)and muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)were 25.2% and 74.1%,respectively(0.8% not clear).Carcinoma in situ was only 2.4%.Most patients were diagnosed by white-light cystoscopy with biopsy(74.3%).Fluorescence and narrow band imaging cystoscopy had additional detection rate of 1.0% and 4.0%,respectively.Diagnostic transurethral resection(TUR)provided detection rate of 16.9%.Most NMIBCs were treated with TUR(89.2%).After initial TUR,2.6%accepted second TUR,and 45.7%,69.9%,and 58.7% accepted immediate,induced,and maintenance chemotherapy instillation,respectively.Most MIBCs were treated with radical cystectomy(RC,59.7%).Laparoscopic RCs were 35.1%,while open RC 63.4%.Extended and standard pelvic lymph node dissection were 7% and 66%,respectively.Three most common urinary diversions were orthotopic neobladder(44%),ileal conduit(31%),and ureterocutaneostomy(23%).Only 2.3% of patients accepted neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and only 18%of T3 and T4 patients accepted adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion:Disease characteristics are similar to international reports,while differences of diagnosis and treatment exist.This study can provide evidences for revisions of the guideline on bladder cancer in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81672550 and 81974395)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2019A1515011437)+4 种基金Guangzhou Science and Technology Cooperation Program(Foreign Research and Development Cooperation)(Grant No.201807010087)Clinical Research 5010 Program of Sun Yat-sen University(Grant No.2019005)Sun Yat-Sen Clinical Research and Cultivation Project of Sun Yat Sen University(Grant No.201702)to Hai Huangsupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81702527)supported by the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.201906380075).
文摘Objective:To explore the genetic changes in the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)and neuroendocrine prostate cancer(NEPC)and the reason why these cancers resist existing therapies.Methods:We employed our CRPC cell line microarray and other CRPC or NEPC datasets to screen the target gene NEIL3.Lentiviral transfection and RNA interference were used to construct overexpression and knockdown cell lines.Cell and animal models of radiotherapy were established by using a medical electron linear accelerator.Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis or cell cycle progression.Western blot and qPCR were used to detect changes in the protein and RNA levels.Results:TCGA and clinical patient datasets indicated that NEIL3 was downregulated in CRPC and NEPC cell lines,and NEIL3 was correlated with a high Gleason score but a good prognosis.Further functional studies demonstrated that NEIL3 had no effect on the proliferation and migration of PCa cells.However,cell and animal radiotherapy models revealed that NEIL3 could facilitate the radiotherapy sensitivity of PCa cells,while loss of NEIL3 activated radiotherapy resistance.Mechanistically,we found that NEIL3 negatively regulated the expression of ATR,and higher NEIL3 expression repressed the ATR/CHK1 pathway,thus regulating the cell cycle.Conclusions:We demonstrated that NEIL3 may serve as a diagnostic or therapeutic target for therapy-resistant patients.
基金National High Level Hospital Clinical Reseach Funding(No.2022-PUMCH-B-022)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.CIFMS2021-I2M-1-003)National key clinical specialty construction project(No.ZK108000)
文摘Eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EGE)is a gastrointestinal disorder of unclear etiology that is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the stomach and small intestine,and consists of mucosal,muscular,and serosal subtypes.Eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract is a fundamental histopathological characteristic of EGE and is driven by several T-helper type 2(Th2)-dependent cytokines and induced by food allergy.Due to the lack of a diagnostic gold standard,EGE has a high rate of delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis.However,several new diagnostic strategies have been developed,such as novel genetic biomarkers and imaging tests.Although dietary therapy and corticosteroids remain the common choices for EGE treatment,recent decades have seen the emergence of novel treatment alternatives,such as biologics that target particular molecules involved in the pathogenic process.Preliminary investigations and clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of biologics and provided additional insights for the era of refractory or corticosteroid-dependent EGE biologics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52122301,51973191,52090030,and 51533008)Hundred Talents Program of Zhejiang University(No.188020*194231701/113)+2 种基金Key Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2018C01049)Shanxi-Zheda Institute of New Materials and Chemical Engineering(No.2012SZ-FR004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.K20200060,2017QNA4036,and 2017XZZX001-04).
文摘Assembling two-dimensional(2D)sheets into macroscopic three-dimensional(3D)forms has created a promising material family with rich functionalities.Multiscale wrinkles are intrinsic features of 2D sheets in their 3D assembles.Therefore,the precise wrinkling modulation optimizes the transition of outstanding properties of 2D sheets to expected performances of assembled materials and dominates their fabrication process.The wrinkling evolution of 2D sheets assembling onto flat surfaces has been extensively understood,however,the wrinkling behaviors on the more generally curved surface still remain unclear.Here,we investigate the wrinkling behaviors of graphene oxide sheets assembled onto curved surfaces and reveal the selection rule of wrinkling modes that determined by the curvature mismatch between 2D sheets and target surfaces.We uncover that three wrinkling modes including isotropic cracked land,labyrinth,and anisotropic curtain phases,respectively emerge on flat,spherical,and cylindrical surfaces.A favorable description paradigm is offered to quantitatively measure the complex wrinkling patterns and assess the curvature mismatch constraint underlying the wrinkling mode selection.This research provides a general and quantitative description framework of wrinkling modulation of 2D materials such as high performance graphene fibers,and guides the precise fabrication of particles and functional coatings.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFE0202500 and 2019YFF01014403)Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Project(No.Z221100003522028)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11735003,11975041,and 11961141004)the fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘To the Editor:Due to the highly complex nature of intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)planning and delivery,patient specific quality assurance(PSQA)should be implemented to assure the reliability of treatment delivery and improve the treatment efficacy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Nos.81672550,81974395)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2019A1515011437)+7 种基金In-ternational Science and Technology Cooperation Project Plan of Guangdong Province(No.2021A0505030085)Sun Yat-sen Uni-versity Clinical Research 5010 Program(No.2019005)Sun Yat-sen Clinical Research Cultivating Program(No.201702)Guang-dong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation(No.2020B1212060018OF006)Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases(No.2020B1111170006)to Hai Huang,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51973243)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.191gzd35)International Coop-eration and Exchange of the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(No.51820105004),Shenzhen Basic Research Project(No.JCYJ20190807155801657)the Project for Science&Technology New Star of Zhujiang in Guangzhou City(No.201906010082).
文摘Prostate cancer(PCa)is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men.The Rac1-GTP inhibitor NSC23766 has been shown to suppress PCa growth.However,these therapies have low tumor-targeting efficacy in vivo.Therefore,it is essential to produce a drug delivery system that specifically targets the tumor site.Herein,novel l-phenylalanine-based poly(ester amide)(Phe-PEA)polymers were synthesized and loaded with NSC23766(NSC23766@8P6 NPs),which had a small particle size(162.3±6.7nm)and high NSC23766 loading(8.0%±1.1%)with a more rapid release of NSC23766 at pH 5.0.In vitro cellu-lar uptake and cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that NSC23766@8P6 NPs were rapidly taken up by PC3 cells and showed significant effects of PCa cell proliferation inhibition and G2/M phase arrest.Further-more,in vivo studies using PC3-bearing mice demonstrated that NSC23766@8P6 NPs delivered by in-travenous injection not only increased the drug concentration with prolonged retention(96h)at the tumor site,but also inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis.In conclusion,we have discovered that NSC23766@8P6 NPs can serve as a delivery system that targets the tumor site and is therefore a promising therapeutic approach for PCa treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81974395,No.82173036)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2019A1515011437)+5 种基金International Science and Technology Cooperation Project Plan of Guangdong Province(No.2021A0505030085)Sun Yat-Sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program(No.2019005)Sun Yat-Sen Clinical Research Cultivating Program(No.201702)Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation(No.2020B1212060018OF006)Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases(No.2020B1111170006)Beijing Bethune Charitable Foundation(No.mnzl202001)and the Chinese National Scholarship.
文摘Ferroptosis,a distinctive form of programmed cell death,is involved in numerous diseases with specific characteristics,including certain cell morphology,functions,biochemistry,and genetics,that differ from other forms of programmed cell death,such as apoptosis.Many studies have explored ferroptosis and its associated mechanisms,drugs,and clinical applications in diseases such as kidney injury,stroke,ischemia-reperfusion injury,and prostate cancer.In this review,we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of some ferroptosis inducers,such as enzalutamide and erastin.These are current research focuses and have already been studied extensively.In summary,this review focuses on the use of ferroptosis induction as a therapeutic strategy for treating tumors of the urinary system.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81572514,U1301221,81472384,81372729,81772719)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2015A030311011)+4 种基金the Major project of Guangzhou Science Technology and Innovation Commission(201604020177)the Major project of Guangdong Science and Technology Department(2017B020227007)the Grant from Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Molecular Mechanism and Translational Medicine of Guangzhou Bureau of Science and Information Technology([2013]163)the Grant from the Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes(KLB09001)the Grant from Guangdong Science and Technology Department(2015B050501004).
文摘Background:Accurate evaluation of lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer(BCa)is important for disease staging,treatment selection,and prognosis prediction.In this study,we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of com-puted tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)for metastatic lymph nodes in BCa and establish criteria of imaging diagnosis.Methods:We retrospectively assessed the imaging characteristics of 191 BCa patients who underwent radical cys-tectomy.The data regarding size,shape,density,and diffusion of the lymph nodes on CT and/or MRI were obtained and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and χ^(2) test.The optimal cutoff value for the size of metastatic node was deter-mined using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results:A total of 184 out of 3317 resected lymph nodes were diagnosed as metastatic lymph nodes.Among 82 imaging-detectable lymph nodes,51 were confirmed to be positive for metastasis.The detection rate of metastatic nodes increased along with more advanced tumor stage(P<0.001).Once the ratio of short-to long-axis diameter≤0.4 or fatty hilum was observed in lymph nodes on imaging,it indicated non-metastases.Besides,lymph nodes with spiculate or obscure margin or necrosis indicated metastases.Furthermore,the short diameter of 6.8 mm was the optimal threshold to diagnose metastatic lymph node,with the area under ROC curve of 0.815.Conclusions:The probability of metastatic nodes significantly increased with more advanced T stages.Once lymph nodes are detected on imaging,the characteristic signs should be paid attention to.The short diameter>6.8 mm may indicate metastatic lymph nodes in BCa.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61471126)a grant from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (16JC1400603)