Integrated of Proximity-Coupling High-Order Modes Patch Antenna with Solar Cells for Sustainable Communication

An integration of single-layer proximitycoupling patch antenna and solar cells with bandwidth enhancement and optical energy harvesting is proposed for sustainable communication.For this purpose,many dual-function components are selected for designing the miniaturized solar cell antenna.On the one hand,by greatly affecting the current flow of the rectangular patch,vias and proximity-coupling are introduced to control the resonance modes frequency and matching,respectively,for wideband application,and the radiation performance property can be achieved by high-order mode.On the other hand,vias and proximity-coupling are beneficial to complete direct-current(DC)loop of solar cell and improve compatibility of DC-RF(radio frequency),whereas a high-order mode is beneficial to increase the area of collected light energy.To prove the working principle,fabricated and manufactured solar cell antenna.The measured and simulated results illustrate that the solar cell antenna gain is raised to as high as 9.27 d Bi in4.37 to 5.06 GHz applied to fifth generation communication(5G).

Regulation and Control of Electromagnetic Field in Radio-Frequency Circuits and Systems

Since the first demonstrations of radio-frequency(RF)circuits,the physics of the electromagnetic(EM)field and its regulation and control with codesigned circuits,have become essential competencies of RF circuit designers.Leveraging advanced regulation or control methods,numerous high-performance circuits have been developed at RF and millimeter-wave(mm-wave)frequencies.Three main methods of electromagnetic regulation have been widely utilized,namely,the separation of electric and magnetic coupling paths,the manipulation of electromagnetic energy through the coupling of multiple tanks or multiple resonators,and the regulation of electromagnetic fields in air cavities or meta-substrates.The separated coupling paths of electric and magnetic fields provide guidance for designing a high-performance filter topology with a quasielliptical response through additional zeros.The manipulation of the EM field through electrical and magnetic intercouplings of multitanks or multiresonators,such as are used in oscillators,power amplifiers(PAs),etc.,results in remarkable power efficiency,size reduction,and wide bandwidth.The regulation of electromagnetism through an air cavity,patterned substrate,or metasubstrate reduces dielectric losses and size,especially when using a substrate integrated suspended line(SISL)platform.Many excellent circuits have been reported based on SISL with low loss,high integration,and self-packaging.Here,we present state-of-the-art cases that demonstrate the benefits of EM field regulation and control.

Gain-enhanced reconfigurable radiation array with mechanically driven system and directive elements

In the artificial intelligence-driven modern wireless communication system,antennas are required to be reconfigurable in terms of size according to changing application scenarios.However,conventional antennas with constant phase distributions cannot achieve enhanced gains in different reconfigurable sizes.In this paper,we propose a mechanically reconfigurable radiation array(RRA)based on miniaturized elements and a mechanically reconfigurable system to obtain gain-enhanced antennas in compact and deployed states.A five-element RRA with a phase-reconfigurable center element is designed and analyzed theoretically.The experimental sample has been fabricated,driven by a deployable frame with only one degree of freedom to realize the size and phase distribution reconfiguration simultaneously to validate the enhanced gains of RRA.The proposed RRA can be tessellated into larger arrays to achieve higher gains in other frequency regimes,such as terahertz or photonics applications with nanometer fabrication technology.