Strengthening People-oriented Geographical Research in the New Era

We are going through an era of rapid change.In the past three hundred years,with the develop­ment of the industrial revolution,social structure and urbanization have allowed geography to play a unique perspective in studying human-land relations,depicting how humans constantly adapt to environ­mental changes,forming the focus of geographical research at different times.

The influence of Chinese population policy change on resources and the environment

Universal two-child policy has been implemented since the end of 2015 in China.This policy is anticipated to bring a significant increase in the total population,with profound influences on the resources and environment in the future.This paper analyzes the changing dynamics of urban and rural population,and forecasts urban and rural population from 2016 to 2030 at national and provincial scale using a double log linear regression model.Drawing upon the results of these two predictions,the impact of the population policy change on Chinese resources consumption and environmental pollution are predicted quantitatively.Given the future total population maintains current levels on resources consumption and environmental emission,the additional demand of resources and environment demand for the new population is forecasted and compared against the capacity on supply side.The findings are as follows:after implementing the universal two-child policy,China's grain,energy consumption,domestic water demand,and pollutant emissions are projected to increase at different rates across provinces.To meet the needs arising from future population growth,food and energy self-sufficiency rate will be significantly reduced in the future,while relying more on imports.Stability of the water supply needs to be improved,especially in Beijing,Henan,Jiangsu,Qinghai,and Sichuan where the gap in future domestic water demand is comparatively larger.Environmental protection and associated governing capability are in urgent need of upgrade not least due to the increasing pressure of pollution.

Decentralization,spatial disequilibrium,and restructuring of coastal tourist destination-Empirical research from Sanya,China

The objective of this article is to speculate on resort restructuring in the market-oriented reform process in China.Previous studies show that spatial disequilibrium was aggravated by decentralization,which leads to the difference in tourism policy and investment,public goods,and service;a profound analytical framework is much needed for further empirical studies.This article has reviewed the relevant studies on links between decentralization and restructuring,spatial influences of decentralization on tourism,based on which we put forward the theoretical framework of resort spatial restructuring from the view of political economy analysis,then we elaborate on and discuss it based on the example of Sanya,China.In short,the article suggests that decentralization of fiscal responsibilities and institutional power contributes to the spatial disequilibrium of tourism industrial structure,land use,public infrastructure and service facilities,and to community inequality.Interests of government,investors,and community should be comprehensively coordinated in the resort spatial restructuring process from three aspects:restructuring government,optimizing space structure,and tourism industry.Furthermore,we argue that resort restructuring in the context of Sanya requires coordination of various interest groups through four ways:restructure the government power under administrative division adjustment,optimizing spatial structure,expanding industrial space to diversified tourism products,and building resort management services organization.Finally,we discussed some policy requirements for resort sustainable development.

The Influence of the Two-child Policy on Urbanization in China

Family planning has been China's basic national policy since 1980, but it changed from a onechild policy to a two-child policy at the end of 2015 as which will further stimulate the rapid growth of China's population and have a profound impact on the population structure and land use in China. Based on the forecast of total population change in national and provincial dimensions after the two -child policy, the paper forecasted the spatial pattern of China's population and provincial differentiation over the next 15 years, and discussed the far-reaching impact on the future urban and rural land use and planning. Conclusions as follows: the two-child policy will achieve rapid population growth in the next 5 years, then there will be a stable growth phase;the peak of China's population increase will occur in 2030 with a total population of about 1.55 billion people, which will continue the regional differentiation of urbanization, and urbanization level in southeastern region will remain generally higher than that of the northwest. In addition, population growth brings new demands in urban and rural construction land, therefore, more intensive use of land will be the inevitable choice for the future development for China.

The Differences between County,County-level City and Municipal District in the System of Administrative Divisions in China

Administrative division is an important means of political power reorganization and management,resource integration and optimal allocation,which profoundly shapes the spatial layout of urban development in China.To clarify and compare differences between counties,county-level cities and municipal districts is the primary premise for the study of administrative division and urban development.This paper analyzes the institutional differences between counties and county-level cities,as well as counties,county-level cities and municipal districts,from the aspects of organizational structure,urban construction planning,land management,finance,taxation and public services.The research shows that the establishment of counties,county-level cities and municipal districts adapt to different levels and stages of economic and social development,and the conversion from county to county-level city and the conversion from county(or county-level city)to municipal district are both important transformation ways to change their administrative systems,which has different management system and operation pattern.At the same time,the transformation of county-level administrative region is also a“double-edged sword”,we should think about the administrative system as a whole to decide whether it should be adjusted,and effectively respond to the actual needs of local economic and social development.

棉粕对盐碱胁迫下棉花生理及生长补偿效应

为探究棉粕对盐碱胁迫下棉花(Gossypiumhirsutum)的抗盐碱机理,通过田间试验,研究添加不同棉粕用量对8g·kg^(–1)盐碱胁迫下棉花生理及生长的补偿效应。结果表明,添加棉粕能够增加盐碱胁迫下棉花不同器官对K^+的吸收,降低对Na^+的吸收,维持盐碱胁迫下细胞内K^+和Na^+的平衡,显著促进棉花生长,提高叶片叶绿素含量和光合作用效率,有效缓解盐碱胁迫对棉花的伤害。其中,以添加6 000 kg·hm^(–2)棉粕处理的效果最显著,且盐胁迫下棉粕的改良效果较好。主成分分析结果表明,盐碱胁迫下棉花生长生理的主要影响因子为叶片K^+/Na^+比值、根长、鲜重、干重和胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)。

FINITE-TIME RUIN PROBABILITY WITH NQD DOMINATED VARYING-TAILED CLAIMS AND NLOD INTER-ARRIVAL TIMES

In 2007,Chen and Ng investigated infinite-time ruin probability with constant interest forceand negatively quadrant dependent and extended regularly varying-tailed claims.Following this work,the authors obtain a weakly asymptotic equivalent formula for the finite-time and infinite-time ruinprobability with constant interest force,negatively quadrant dependent,and dominated varying-tailedclaims and negatively lower orthant dependent inter-arrival times.In particular,when the claims areconsistently varying-tailed,an asymptotic equivalent formula is presented.

Precise large deviations for widely orthant dependent random variables with dominatedly varying tails

For the widely orthant dependent （WOD） structure, this paper mainly investigates the precise large deviations for the partial sums of WOD and non-identically distributed random variables with dominatedly varying tails. The obtained results extend some corresponding results.

New road for telecoupling global prosperity and ecological sustainability

China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative, which seeks to expand the ancient land routes that connect China to the Mediterranean Sea and corresponding ocean- based routes, is expanding global cooperation with profound socioeconomic and ecological implications. As China and associated countries are developing specific policies to implement the initiative, it is important to analyze and integrate major relevant issues. In this article, we discuss several major challenges facing the Belt and Road region: complex natural features, mismatched resources, shared ecological issues, and diverse socioeconomic conditions. To meet the challeng-es, we apply the integrated framework of telecoupling (socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances) and propose to enhance infrastructure connection, transboundary actions, scientific and cultural exchanges, and institutional innovations within the Belt and Road region;and collaborate with more interna-tional organizations and countries beyond the Belt and Road region for a prosperous and sustainable world.

Estimates for the Tail Probability of the Supremum of a Random Walk with Independent Increments

The authors investigate the tail probability of the supremum of a random walk with independent increments and obtain some equivalent assertions in the case that the increments are independent and identically distributed random variables with Osubexponential integrated distributions.A uniform upper bound is derived for the distribution of the supremum of a random walk with independent but non-identically distributed increments,whose tail distributions are dominated by a common tail distribution with an O-subexponential integrated distribution.