An integrated analysis platform merging SuperDARN data within the THEMIS tool developed by ERG-Science Center (ERG-SC)

The Energization and Radiation in Geospace （ERG） mission seeks to explore the dynamics of the radiation belts in the Earth＇s inner magnetosphere with a space-borne probe （ERG satellite） in coordination with related ground observations and simulations/modeling studies. For this mission, the Science Center of the ERG project （ERG-SC） will provide a useful data analysis platform based on the THEMIS Data Analysis software Suite （TDAS）, which has been widely used by researchers in many conjunction studies of the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms （THEMIS） spacecraft and ground data. To import SuperDARN data to this highly useful platform, ERG-SC, in close collaboration with SuperDARN groups, developed the Common Data Format （CDF） design suitable for fitacf data and has prepared an open database of SuperDARN data archived in CDE ERG-SC has also been developing programs written in Interactive Data Language （IDL） to load fltacf CDF files and to generate various kinds of plots-not only range-time-intensity-type plots but also two-dimensional map plots that can be superposed with other data, such as all-sky images of THEMIS-GBO and orbital footprints of various satellites. The CDF-TDAS scheme developed by ERG-SC will make it easier for researchers who are not familiar with SuperDARN data to access and analyze SuperDARN data and thereby facilitate collaborative studies with satellite data, such as the inner magnetosphere data pro- vided by the ERG （Japan）-RBSP （USA）-THEMIS （USA） fleet.

Antibiotic residues from aquaculture farms and their ecological risks in Southeast Asia:a case study from Malaysia

Background and Objectives:One major source of antibiotic contamination in the sea is from aquaculture.We monitored the concentration of commonly used antibiotic classes and antibiotic resistance genes(tet(M),sul1,sul2 and sul3)in aquaculture farms in Peninsular Malaysia.Methods:Antibiotic residues and resistance genes were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and real-time PCR respectively.Risk quotients in European technical guidance document on risk assessment was used to assess the potential environmental risk.Results:We detected 23 antibiotics with tetracyclines,sulfonamides and quinolones were the most frequently detected classes,indicating a wide distribution of antibiotics in Malaysian aquaculture farms.The dendrogram and heatmap revealed three groups of antibiotic concentration patterns but with no differences in the types of antibiotics usage among aquaculture farms.The ARGs(10^(−3)copies/16S)were detected in>90%of the sites except for sul3.Ciprofloxacin,enrofloxacin,norfloxacin and lincomycin posed risks to cyanobacteria and algae in Kelantan,Perak and Pahang.Conclusion:Relative to Asian aquaculture farms,the residues detected here were at low or moderate levels except for quinolones.This study will be useful to develop effective management of aquaculture wastewater in order to mitigate antibiotic pollution and transmission of ARGs to humans through the food chain.