Reservoir Potential Assessment of the Tortonian-Calabrian Sediments from Offshore Makran(Southwest Pakistan)through a Multidisciplinary Approach

The Tortonian–Calabrian strata of Offshore Makran(Pakistan)is investigated for the purpose of reservoir assessment.The stratigraphy and petrophysics indicate that the Neogene sediments have tight reservoir potential with porosities in the range of 3%–9%and 40%–50%water saturation.The mineralogical cross plots indicate a mixed lithology with an abundance of dolomite and calcite,together with minor quartz content and shale.The seismic interpretation demonstrates medium–high amplitude reflection patterns,mud diapirs coupled with onlapping strata and the occurrence of bottom simulating reflectors(BSRs).The BSRs are characterized by diminished amplitude,low continuity and exhibiting acoustic blanking zones.The high formation pressure results indicate overpressure zones,suggesting the occurrence of overpressured shales in the Jal Pari-1A.The presence of mud diapirs and gas chimneys are the result of tectonic forces acting at the junction of the Arabian,Indian and Eurasian plates,whereas,BSRs prove the existence of gas charged sediments supporting the formation of mud diapirism in the region.It is concluded that the high rates of sedimentation during the Neogene are likely to have contributed to the development of the high formation pressure.Revised mud weights,casing policies,pore pressure transients and geophysical inversion studies will help alleviate drilling risks in future exploration strategies.

Environmental Effects on the Performance of Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells under Long-Term Outdoor Exposure in Taiyuan, China

Environmental conditions such as wind, temperature and humidity affect the amount of solar irradiance received by the photovoltaic (PV) cells and thus have a significant effect on the PV output efficiency. This paper aims to analyze the power efficiency of Polycrystalline Silicon solar cells under China’s weather considering these environmental conditions. Performance of the Polycrystalline solar panel is analyzed through eight months of data emphasizing the maximum, average and minimum temperature acquired from a solar power plant installed at Taiyuan University of technology, China consisting of 78 PV panels with a total rated capacity of 20 KW and average module efficiency of 16.56% at an ambient temperature of 25°. The results of our practical investigations show that polycrystalline solar cells in October yield the best monthly average efficiency of 35.6% at an average temperature and humidity level of 14°C and 44%. In comparison to a maximum temperature of 27°C and humidity of 66% in summer, the efficiency is found to drop by 5%. Also, the power produced in winter at minimum temperature and the efficiency showed a decline of 15% compared to that of October. Consequently, this investigation leads to a conclusion that the increase in temperature and humidity together is found to have a negative effect on the efficiency whereas the increase in irradiance and wind speed showed an improvement in the output power of the polycrystalline solar cells.

Conservation laws,Lie symmetries,self adjointness,and soliton solutions for the Selkov–Schnakenberg system

In this article,we explore the famous Selkov–Schnakenberg(SS)system of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations(PDEs)for Lie symmetry analysis,self-adjointness,and conservation laws.Moreover,miscellaneous soliton solutions like dark,bright,periodic,rational,Jacobian elliptic function,Weierstrass elliptic function,and hyperbolic solutions of the SS system will be achieved by a well-known technique called sub-ordinary differential equations.All these results are displayed graphically by 3D,2D,and contour plots.

Vertex-antimagic Labelings of Regular Graphs

Let G = （V, E） be a finite, simple and undirected graph with p vertices and q edges. An （a, d）-vertex-antimagic total labeling of G is a bijection f from V（G） t2 E（G） onto the set of consecutive integers 1, 2,... ,p ＋ q, such that the vertex-weights form an arithmetic progression with the initial term a and difference d, where the vertex-weight of x is the sum of the value f（x） assigned to the vertex x together with all values f（xy） assigned to edges xy incident to x. Such labeling is called super if the smallest possible labels appear on the vertices. In this paper, we study the properties of such labelings and examine their existence for 2r-regular graphs when the difference d is 0, 1,..., r ＋ 1.

Laboratory biosafety and biosecurity related education in Pakistan:Engaging students through the Socratic method of learning

Background:Laboratory biosafety is currently a major global issue in clinical research and academic laboratories.To alleviate these concerns,subject-specific education of standardized laboratory practices is essential and should be delivered in a comprehensible,interactive,and appealing manner.The objective of the present study was to engage university-level students in laboratory biosafety and biosecurity related education through the Socratic method of learning.A pre/post-test model was implemented to assess the knowledge improvement after the workshop.Methods:Two workshops were conducted individually at a public and private educational institute in October 2019 and December 2019,respectively.Important concepts were delivered in an interactive engagement format to ensure substantive understanding.Pre-and post-training scores were computed,and a paired t-test was used to assess knowledge gain.Results:Out of the 357 students from both institutes,320(90%)provided consent and completed the preand post-test questionnaires.The participants lacked a baseline knowledge of laboratory biosafety.A statistically significant increase(14%to 84%)in knowledge was reported among students,with a p-value of<0.001.Scores improved in the post-test assessment,where 87%were high performers,and only 1%were low-performing students.The difference between the pre-and post-test mean scores was indicative of a substantial 70%improvement in education.Students exhibited high levels of satisfaction with the Socratic method of teaching style.Conclusion:The study highlighted the significance of the Socratic style of learning for engaging students and improving their knowledge and awareness of laboratory biosafety in academic settings in Pakistan.