The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different temperatures, light regimes, and seed moisture contents on germination of the palm Euterpe precatoria, in the Arecaceae family. For the study of light ...The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different temperatures, light regimes, and seed moisture contents on germination of the palm Euterpe precatoria, in the Arecaceae family. For the study of light and temperature, the experimental design was entirely randomized;treatments were arranged in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme [six temperature conditions (20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 20°C - 30°C, and 25°C - 35°C) combined with two light regimes (light and darkness)] with four replications composed of 25 seeds each. For the seed moisture content study, the experimental design was entirely randomized with five seed moisture contents (27%, 20%, 13%, 12%, and 11%), to which they comprised 5 treatments, and four replications with 25 seeds each. Number of germinated seeds was recorded daily until germination was steady. Data were submitted to variance analysis;for the first experiment, means were compared by the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05) and, for the second, the regression analysis was performed. The temperature at 20°C promoted highest germination percentage and germination rate for E. precatoria seeds, under either light or darkness;seeds were tolerant up to 11% moisture content.展开更多
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on germination of Pinus tabuliformis Carrière seed, Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D. Don and Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Seeds of three species were di...The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on germination of Pinus tabuliformis Carrière seed, Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D. Don and Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Seeds of three species were distributed in Petri dishes with 1% agar solution;for the first step it was placed on a 2-way Grant’s thermogradient plate (a bi-directional incubator) for a period of 28 days and during the second step in an incubator type B.O.D. also for 28 days with non-germinated seeds in the first step. This instrument allows an assessment of a wide regime of constant and alternating temperatures, resulting to 144 different combinations of temperature, scheduled to the temperatures 4°C - 40°C. The lighting regime was 12 hours photoperiod for the two stages of the experiment. The best temperature for the germination of P. tabuliformis was 26.2°C (minimum of 7.9°C and maximum 37.0°C) and P. roxburghii was 15.6°C (minimum 10, 4°C and maximum 37.0°C). The seeds are neutral photoblastic. P. gerardiana showed low germination percentage (below 10%). The temperature that provided the highest germination percentage for P. tabuliformis was 26.2°C and 15.6°C for P. roxburghii.展开更多
The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the seasons and indol butyric acid (IBA), as well as the preparation of IBA solutions on rooting growth of “Fine Time” chrysanthemum cuttings. The first exper...The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the seasons and indol butyric acid (IBA), as well as the preparation of IBA solutions on rooting growth of “Fine Time” chrysanthemum cuttings. The first experiment was arranged in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme: IBA concentrations (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg·L-1) during summer and winter with 4 replicates of two pots and six cuttings per pot. In the second experiment, the storage of IBA solution (1000 mg·L-1) at 15°C was studied with four replicates of 10 cuttings per plot in a period of four weeks. In the third experiment, dilution and supply of IBA (1000 mg·L-1 or 1000 mg·kg-1) were studied;there were eight treatments: (1) IBA mixed with industrial talc;(2) IBA diluted in 50% alcohol and oven dried at 30°C;(3) IBA diluted in 50% alcohol and oven dried at 70°C;(4) IBA diluted in NaOH and supplied via aqueous solution;(5) IBA diluted in acetone and supplied via aqueous solution;(6) IBA diluted in alcohol 92.8% and supplied via alcoholic solution;(7) IBA diluted in alcohol 50% and supplied via alcoholic solution;(8) IBA mixed and supplied via lanolin;with four replicates of 10 cuttings per plot. Twenty-one days after cutting implementation, the following variables were evaluated: rooting percentage, number, average length and root dry mass. Statistical analysis and time-of-year averages were compared using the Tukey test at 5%;polynomial regression for IBA concentration and preparation data. The means of dilution and delivery were compared by the Scott-Knott test. Treatment with IBA at a concentration of 3000 mg·kg-1 resulted in 90% rooting in the winter and 100% in the summer for all treatments. Results suggest the concentration of 2000 mg·L-1 in the summer and 2000 and 3000 mg·L-1 during the winter provided better quality for the root system. Cuttings treated with IBA diluted in 50% alcohol and oven dried at 30°C showed higher number, length and vigor of the roots.展开更多
In vitro cultivation is a technique that allows the production of great amount of plants. However, significant losses may occur during the acclimatization period (ex vitro stage). The objective of this study was to ev...In vitro cultivation is a technique that allows the production of great amount of plants. However, significant losses may occur during the acclimatization period (ex vitro stage). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol, in the Murashige and Skoog culture medium, on growth, development, and survival of Zygopetalum crinitum plants. The experimental design (both in vitro and ex vitro) was completely randomized with four treatments: three paclobutrazol concentrations (0.5;1.0;and 1.5 mg L-1 active ingredient) and the control (without PBZ). Morphological changes promoted by the paclobutrazol application were observed in the seedlings;however, it did not result in higher seedling survival rates of the Zygopetalum crinitum orchid.展开更多
Amaryllis plants (Hippeastrum hybrid, in the family Amaryllidaceae) are cultivated in Brazil mainly for bulb export. Studies about the nutrient accumulation dynamics by the species are yet incipient when considering B...Amaryllis plants (Hippeastrum hybrid, in the family Amaryllidaceae) are cultivated in Brazil mainly for bulb export. Studies about the nutrient accumulation dynamics by the species are yet incipient when considering Brazilian cultivation conditions. The objective was to determine the nutrient accumulation in amaryllis “Orange Souvereign” cultivated in the field. The experimental design was entirely randomized with four replications and 14 collection periods (at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, 360, 390, and 420 days after planting). Sampled plants were divided into leaves, bulb, and roots, which were used for determination of nutrient accumulation by leaves (aerial part) and bulb + roots (underground part). Nutrient accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn was calculated for each collection period, and then represented by curves of macro and micronutrient accumulation, as well as accumulation percentages for each plant part. For most macro and micronutrients, the interval of maximum accumulation fell from 301 to 420 days after planting, matching with the cycle final stage of plants cultivated in the field. Accumulated macronutrients by amaryllis plants along the cultivation cycle was, in g·plant-1: 1.57 N;0.19 P;2.58 K;0.64 Ca;0.20 Mg;and 0.29 S, following the descending order: K > N > Ca > S > Mg > P. Accumulated micronutrients, in mg·plant-1, was: 2.18 B;1.17 Cu;22.33 Fe;2.19 Mn;and 4.09 Zn, following the descending order: Fe > Zn > Mn > B > Cu.展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different temperatures, light regimes, and seed moisture contents on germination of the palm Euterpe precatoria, in the Arecaceae family. For the study of light and temperature, the experimental design was entirely randomized;treatments were arranged in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme [six temperature conditions (20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 20°C - 30°C, and 25°C - 35°C) combined with two light regimes (light and darkness)] with four replications composed of 25 seeds each. For the seed moisture content study, the experimental design was entirely randomized with five seed moisture contents (27%, 20%, 13%, 12%, and 11%), to which they comprised 5 treatments, and four replications with 25 seeds each. Number of germinated seeds was recorded daily until germination was steady. Data were submitted to variance analysis;for the first experiment, means were compared by the Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05) and, for the second, the regression analysis was performed. The temperature at 20°C promoted highest germination percentage and germination rate for E. precatoria seeds, under either light or darkness;seeds were tolerant up to 11% moisture content.
文摘The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on germination of Pinus tabuliformis Carrière seed, Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D. Don and Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Seeds of three species were distributed in Petri dishes with 1% agar solution;for the first step it was placed on a 2-way Grant’s thermogradient plate (a bi-directional incubator) for a period of 28 days and during the second step in an incubator type B.O.D. also for 28 days with non-germinated seeds in the first step. This instrument allows an assessment of a wide regime of constant and alternating temperatures, resulting to 144 different combinations of temperature, scheduled to the temperatures 4°C - 40°C. The lighting regime was 12 hours photoperiod for the two stages of the experiment. The best temperature for the germination of P. tabuliformis was 26.2°C (minimum of 7.9°C and maximum 37.0°C) and P. roxburghii was 15.6°C (minimum 10, 4°C and maximum 37.0°C). The seeds are neutral photoblastic. P. gerardiana showed low germination percentage (below 10%). The temperature that provided the highest germination percentage for P. tabuliformis was 26.2°C and 15.6°C for P. roxburghii.
文摘The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the seasons and indol butyric acid (IBA), as well as the preparation of IBA solutions on rooting growth of “Fine Time” chrysanthemum cuttings. The first experiment was arranged in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme: IBA concentrations (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg·L-1) during summer and winter with 4 replicates of two pots and six cuttings per pot. In the second experiment, the storage of IBA solution (1000 mg·L-1) at 15°C was studied with four replicates of 10 cuttings per plot in a period of four weeks. In the third experiment, dilution and supply of IBA (1000 mg·L-1 or 1000 mg·kg-1) were studied;there were eight treatments: (1) IBA mixed with industrial talc;(2) IBA diluted in 50% alcohol and oven dried at 30°C;(3) IBA diluted in 50% alcohol and oven dried at 70°C;(4) IBA diluted in NaOH and supplied via aqueous solution;(5) IBA diluted in acetone and supplied via aqueous solution;(6) IBA diluted in alcohol 92.8% and supplied via alcoholic solution;(7) IBA diluted in alcohol 50% and supplied via alcoholic solution;(8) IBA mixed and supplied via lanolin;with four replicates of 10 cuttings per plot. Twenty-one days after cutting implementation, the following variables were evaluated: rooting percentage, number, average length and root dry mass. Statistical analysis and time-of-year averages were compared using the Tukey test at 5%;polynomial regression for IBA concentration and preparation data. The means of dilution and delivery were compared by the Scott-Knott test. Treatment with IBA at a concentration of 3000 mg·kg-1 resulted in 90% rooting in the winter and 100% in the summer for all treatments. Results suggest the concentration of 2000 mg·L-1 in the summer and 2000 and 3000 mg·L-1 during the winter provided better quality for the root system. Cuttings treated with IBA diluted in 50% alcohol and oven dried at 30°C showed higher number, length and vigor of the roots.
文摘In vitro cultivation is a technique that allows the production of great amount of plants. However, significant losses may occur during the acclimatization period (ex vitro stage). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol, in the Murashige and Skoog culture medium, on growth, development, and survival of Zygopetalum crinitum plants. The experimental design (both in vitro and ex vitro) was completely randomized with four treatments: three paclobutrazol concentrations (0.5;1.0;and 1.5 mg L-1 active ingredient) and the control (without PBZ). Morphological changes promoted by the paclobutrazol application were observed in the seedlings;however, it did not result in higher seedling survival rates of the Zygopetalum crinitum orchid.
文摘Amaryllis plants (Hippeastrum hybrid, in the family Amaryllidaceae) are cultivated in Brazil mainly for bulb export. Studies about the nutrient accumulation dynamics by the species are yet incipient when considering Brazilian cultivation conditions. The objective was to determine the nutrient accumulation in amaryllis “Orange Souvereign” cultivated in the field. The experimental design was entirely randomized with four replications and 14 collection periods (at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, 360, 390, and 420 days after planting). Sampled plants were divided into leaves, bulb, and roots, which were used for determination of nutrient accumulation by leaves (aerial part) and bulb + roots (underground part). Nutrient accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn was calculated for each collection period, and then represented by curves of macro and micronutrient accumulation, as well as accumulation percentages for each plant part. For most macro and micronutrients, the interval of maximum accumulation fell from 301 to 420 days after planting, matching with the cycle final stage of plants cultivated in the field. Accumulated macronutrients by amaryllis plants along the cultivation cycle was, in g·plant-1: 1.57 N;0.19 P;2.58 K;0.64 Ca;0.20 Mg;and 0.29 S, following the descending order: K > N > Ca > S > Mg > P. Accumulated micronutrients, in mg·plant-1, was: 2.18 B;1.17 Cu;22.33 Fe;2.19 Mn;and 4.09 Zn, following the descending order: Fe > Zn > Mn > B > Cu.
