The reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) is among the most economically damaging plant pathogens in the United States. This nematode is mostly known for its damage to cotton but tomato is also well-within its ...The reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) is among the most economically damaging plant pathogens in the United States. This nematode is mostly known for its damage to cotton but tomato is also well-within its vast host range that includes 314 plant species across 77 plant families. Nematode-resistant genotypes offer an effective, environmentally safe alternative to agro-chemicals for reniform nematode management. Resistance genes can be introgressed into cultivars through plant improvement efforts. Tomato is a diploid species which is more amenable to identification of resistance genes in contrast to cotton where cultivars are either tetraploid or hexaploid.This greenhouse study examined cultivated and wild Solanum species represented by 40 tomato accessions, to identify resistance and susceptibility responses to R. reniformis. Accessions were evaluated by using single plants in six replicates. Seeds were germinated in sterile soil and inoculated with mixed vermiform R. reniformis. After seven weeks, eggs and vermiform stages were extracted from the root system and counted. A susceptible control S. lycopersicum “Rutgers” (LA1090) was included. Seven putatively resistant tomato genotypes were identified. These genotypes in increasing order of resistance are S. chilense (LA1029), S. lycopersicum (LA1792), S. chilense (LA1932), S. peruvianum var. humifusum (LA0385) S. pimpinellifolium (LA2934), S. peruvianum f. glandulosum (LA1283) and S. pimpinellifolium (LA1579).展开更多
The overuse of antibiotics in animal agriculture is recognized as contributing to human antibiotic resistance. With large meat purchases, particularly chicken, school districts have an opportunity to leverage their bu...The overuse of antibiotics in animal agriculture is recognized as contributing to human antibiotic resistance. With large meat purchases, particularly chicken, school districts have an opportunity to leverage their buying power to engage with this issue. However, few school food service professionals have done so and little is known about their awareness, attitudes, or experiences. This research surveyed 36 school districts affiliated with School Food FOCUS, which works on procurement reform with many of the largest school districts in the country. Questions were designed to solicit familiarity with the issue of antibiotic use in poultry production, attitudes, and extent of relevant action taken. Motivations and barriers for purchasing poultry raised with minimal, safe and sustainable use of antibiotics as well as fresh (raw) poultry, which has been found to be an affordable way to menu antibiotic-free chicken, were assessed. Results revealed that this issue is important to respondents but difficult to address due to more immediate concerns. Barriers are experienced with purchasing both chicken raised without antibiotics and preparing fresh chicken. Product cost was perceived as a particularly high barrier. Responding to concerns of parents and the community was a top motivation.展开更多
文摘The reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) is among the most economically damaging plant pathogens in the United States. This nematode is mostly known for its damage to cotton but tomato is also well-within its vast host range that includes 314 plant species across 77 plant families. Nematode-resistant genotypes offer an effective, environmentally safe alternative to agro-chemicals for reniform nematode management. Resistance genes can be introgressed into cultivars through plant improvement efforts. Tomato is a diploid species which is more amenable to identification of resistance genes in contrast to cotton where cultivars are either tetraploid or hexaploid.This greenhouse study examined cultivated and wild Solanum species represented by 40 tomato accessions, to identify resistance and susceptibility responses to R. reniformis. Accessions were evaluated by using single plants in six replicates. Seeds were germinated in sterile soil and inoculated with mixed vermiform R. reniformis. After seven weeks, eggs and vermiform stages were extracted from the root system and counted. A susceptible control S. lycopersicum “Rutgers” (LA1090) was included. Seven putatively resistant tomato genotypes were identified. These genotypes in increasing order of resistance are S. chilense (LA1029), S. lycopersicum (LA1792), S. chilense (LA1932), S. peruvianum var. humifusum (LA0385) S. pimpinellifolium (LA2934), S. peruvianum f. glandulosum (LA1283) and S. pimpinellifolium (LA1579).
文摘The overuse of antibiotics in animal agriculture is recognized as contributing to human antibiotic resistance. With large meat purchases, particularly chicken, school districts have an opportunity to leverage their buying power to engage with this issue. However, few school food service professionals have done so and little is known about their awareness, attitudes, or experiences. This research surveyed 36 school districts affiliated with School Food FOCUS, which works on procurement reform with many of the largest school districts in the country. Questions were designed to solicit familiarity with the issue of antibiotic use in poultry production, attitudes, and extent of relevant action taken. Motivations and barriers for purchasing poultry raised with minimal, safe and sustainable use of antibiotics as well as fresh (raw) poultry, which has been found to be an affordable way to menu antibiotic-free chicken, were assessed. Results revealed that this issue is important to respondents but difficult to address due to more immediate concerns. Barriers are experienced with purchasing both chicken raised without antibiotics and preparing fresh chicken. Product cost was perceived as a particularly high barrier. Responding to concerns of parents and the community was a top motivation.
