Purpose: To investigate the relationship between preterm delivery and developmental outcomes in children born at 34 - 36 weeks of gestation (late preterm period). Methods: This study reviewed the cases of singleton la...Purpose: To investigate the relationship between preterm delivery and developmental outcomes in children born at 34 - 36 weeks of gestation (late preterm period). Methods: This study reviewed the cases of singleton late preterm children and full-term (38 - 40 weeks of gestation) children born at Showa University Hospital. The developmental outcomes at 3 years of age were assessed based on the results of questionnaires sent to the families by mail. In addition, the incidence of developmental delays was compared between the late preterm and full-term children. In the full-term control group, perinatal characteristics (neonatal gender, Apgar score, Cesarean delivery, birth weight < 10th percentile, birth weight < 3rd percentile) were matched with those of the late preterm cases. We compared categorical variables using Fisher’s exact test. For variables with a non-normal distribution, Welch’s t-test was applied. A p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The rate of return of the questionnaires was 25.9% (121) among the cases and 25.8% (163) among the controls. The frequency of developmental delays was 6.6% among the cases, compared with 4.3% among the controls. Conclusions: Matching the perinatal characteristics of the subjects, the frequency of developmental delays was similar between the two groups.展开更多
Background: The objective of this study is to determine whether analyze of the infant’s pain associated with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunization is useful for vaccination in children. It is not known whet...Background: The objective of this study is to determine whether analyze of the infant’s pain associated with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunization is useful for vaccination in children. It is not known whether the immunization pain can be prevented with the adequate choice of DPT vaccines among several manufacturers in Japan. Further, it is not clear whether the difference of the reaction during vaccination between gender and age. Design: Three manufacturer’s Japanese DPT vaccines were used in this study. The parents assessed their infant’s pain on a modified visual analogue scale (MVAS), the start of the crying and total crying time during the immunization. Results: The A manufacturer’s DPT vaccine was significantly lower on the proportion of crying, the duration of crying and MVAS score than the other two manufacturer’s DPT vaccines. The proportion of crying, the duration of crying and MVAS score was lower in the boy than in the girl. On the other hand, it had not found the difference of their reactions with age. Conclusions: Our studies have found that the adequate choice of DPT vaccine decreased vaccination pain. The studies also indicate that some tendencies with vaccinations were shown in children. To consider these tendencies was useful in performing less painful vaccination.展开更多
文摘Purpose: To investigate the relationship between preterm delivery and developmental outcomes in children born at 34 - 36 weeks of gestation (late preterm period). Methods: This study reviewed the cases of singleton late preterm children and full-term (38 - 40 weeks of gestation) children born at Showa University Hospital. The developmental outcomes at 3 years of age were assessed based on the results of questionnaires sent to the families by mail. In addition, the incidence of developmental delays was compared between the late preterm and full-term children. In the full-term control group, perinatal characteristics (neonatal gender, Apgar score, Cesarean delivery, birth weight < 10th percentile, birth weight < 3rd percentile) were matched with those of the late preterm cases. We compared categorical variables using Fisher’s exact test. For variables with a non-normal distribution, Welch’s t-test was applied. A p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The rate of return of the questionnaires was 25.9% (121) among the cases and 25.8% (163) among the controls. The frequency of developmental delays was 6.6% among the cases, compared with 4.3% among the controls. Conclusions: Matching the perinatal characteristics of the subjects, the frequency of developmental delays was similar between the two groups.
文摘Background: The objective of this study is to determine whether analyze of the infant’s pain associated with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunization is useful for vaccination in children. It is not known whether the immunization pain can be prevented with the adequate choice of DPT vaccines among several manufacturers in Japan. Further, it is not clear whether the difference of the reaction during vaccination between gender and age. Design: Three manufacturer’s Japanese DPT vaccines were used in this study. The parents assessed their infant’s pain on a modified visual analogue scale (MVAS), the start of the crying and total crying time during the immunization. Results: The A manufacturer’s DPT vaccine was significantly lower on the proportion of crying, the duration of crying and MVAS score than the other two manufacturer’s DPT vaccines. The proportion of crying, the duration of crying and MVAS score was lower in the boy than in the girl. On the other hand, it had not found the difference of their reactions with age. Conclusions: Our studies have found that the adequate choice of DPT vaccine decreased vaccination pain. The studies also indicate that some tendencies with vaccinations were shown in children. To consider these tendencies was useful in performing less painful vaccination.
