Damped oscillation of Newtonian liquid in a vertical U-tube is one of the well known phenomena and the solution of this liquid motion for the laminar flow regime in the circular pipe was solved, however, generally spe...Damped oscillation of Newtonian liquid in a vertical U-tube is one of the well known phenomena and the solution of this liquid motion for the laminar flow regime in the circular pipe was solved, however, generally speaking, even if the period of the oscillational motion by this solution is nearly coincided with that of the experimental result, the estimation of the damped oscillational process with lapse of time by the solved equation is not in agreement with that of the experimental result. Therefore basing upon the experimental results of the velocity distributions of the oscillational motion in the circular U-tube for the Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids, the velocity distribution of the Bingham plastic flow is assumed. The solutions of the damped oscillation and also of the vertical falling and rising velocities of the free surface in the vertical U-tube of the diameters D= 10mm, 20mm and 40mm are compared with water and water-glycerine solution for the Newtonian liquids and the acrylic co-polymer solutions for the non-Newtorlian liquid. The comparisons of these solved equations by the new flow model are shown in good agreement with the experimental results. The above stated results are described in detail.展开更多
Acoustic signals are widely used as courtship signals in the animal kingdom.It has long been known that male mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations(USVs)in the presence of female mice or in response to female secretions.T...Acoustic signals are widely used as courtship signals in the animal kingdom.It has long been known that male mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations(USVs)in the presence of female mice or in response to female secretions.This observation led to the hypothesis that male USVs play a role in courtship behavior.Although previous studies showed that female mice have a social partner preference for vocalizing males,it is not known if they exhibit a sexual partner preference when given a choice.To address this issue,we examined the copulatory behaviors of female mice with either devocalized males(with or without the playback of the USVs)or sham-operated males in 2 different behavioral paradigms:the no-choice paradigm in the home cage of a male mouse(without choice of mating partners)or the mate-choice paradigm in a 3-chambered apparatus(with choice of mating partners).In the no-choice paradigm,female mice exhibited comparable sexual receptivity with sham-operated and devocalized males.In addition,we found that female mice showed more approach behavior to-wards devocalized males when male USVs were played back.In the mate-choice paradigm,female mice visited more frequently and stayed longer with sham-operated than devocalized males.Furthermore,we showed that female mice received more intromissions from sham-operated males than devocalized males.In summary,our results suggested that,although female mice can copulate equally with both devocalized and vocalizing males when given no choice of mating partner,female mice exhibit both sexual and social partner preferences for vocalizing males in the mate-choice paradigm.展开更多
文摘Damped oscillation of Newtonian liquid in a vertical U-tube is one of the well known phenomena and the solution of this liquid motion for the laminar flow regime in the circular pipe was solved, however, generally speaking, even if the period of the oscillational motion by this solution is nearly coincided with that of the experimental result, the estimation of the damped oscillational process with lapse of time by the solved equation is not in agreement with that of the experimental result. Therefore basing upon the experimental results of the velocity distributions of the oscillational motion in the circular U-tube for the Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids, the velocity distribution of the Bingham plastic flow is assumed. The solutions of the damped oscillation and also of the vertical falling and rising velocities of the free surface in the vertical U-tube of the diameters D= 10mm, 20mm and 40mm are compared with water and water-glycerine solution for the Newtonian liquids and the acrylic co-polymer solutions for the non-Newtorlian liquid. The comparisons of these solved equations by the new flow model are shown in good agreement with the experimental results. The above stated results are described in detail.
基金This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant numbers 17K19408,15K14881,25118007(TK)and 13J08901(AA).
文摘Acoustic signals are widely used as courtship signals in the animal kingdom.It has long been known that male mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations(USVs)in the presence of female mice or in response to female secretions.This observation led to the hypothesis that male USVs play a role in courtship behavior.Although previous studies showed that female mice have a social partner preference for vocalizing males,it is not known if they exhibit a sexual partner preference when given a choice.To address this issue,we examined the copulatory behaviors of female mice with either devocalized males(with or without the playback of the USVs)or sham-operated males in 2 different behavioral paradigms:the no-choice paradigm in the home cage of a male mouse(without choice of mating partners)or the mate-choice paradigm in a 3-chambered apparatus(with choice of mating partners).In the no-choice paradigm,female mice exhibited comparable sexual receptivity with sham-operated and devocalized males.In addition,we found that female mice showed more approach behavior to-wards devocalized males when male USVs were played back.In the mate-choice paradigm,female mice visited more frequently and stayed longer with sham-operated than devocalized males.Furthermore,we showed that female mice received more intromissions from sham-operated males than devocalized males.In summary,our results suggested that,although female mice can copulate equally with both devocalized and vocalizing males when given no choice of mating partner,female mice exhibit both sexual and social partner preferences for vocalizing males in the mate-choice paradigm.
