Community resilience has received growing attention in disaster risk management policies and practices,especially in China.However,few applicable instruments are available as a baseline for profiling and estimating a ...Community resilience has received growing attention in disaster risk management policies and practices,especially in China.However,few applicable instruments are available as a baseline for profiling and estimating a community’s resiliency in the face of disasters.The purpose of this study is to cross-culturally adapt and validate the original version of the 10-Item Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measurement(CCRAM-10)in China.Our study further investigates if and to what extent community members translate their participation in disaster risk reduction(DRR)activities into perceived community resilience.A Chinese version of CCRAM-10 was generated and applied to 369 participants from a rural and an urban community in southwest China affected by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake.Internal consistency reliability and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the assessment instrument’s applicability.The Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit Assessment Survey was used to establish the convergent validity for the Chinese version of CCRAM-10.Multiple linear regression models were used to explore the correlations between respondents’participation in activities and their perception of community resilience,while controlling for basic socio-demographic variables.Analysis results demonstrated good internal consistency reliability(Cronbach’s alpha=0.85)and satisfactory convergent validity for the Chinese version of the CCRAM-10.Construct validity was also confirmed(χ~2/df=2.161;CFI=0.977;GFI=0.971;NFI=0.958;RMSEA=0.056;SRMR=0.030).The regression analysis results indicated that respondents’participation in DRR activities was positively correlated with their perception of community resilience.This study contributes to the wider collection of disaster studies by providing a tested tool for assessing community resilience in the context of China.Community workers and practice researchers may be interested in applying CCRAM-10 to evaluate the effect of specific DRR programmatic activities for improving community resilience.展开更多
A new dual-fluid model considering phase transition and velocity slip was proposed in this paper and the Cunningham correction was used in the droplet resistance calculation. This dual-fluid model was applied to the n...A new dual-fluid model considering phase transition and velocity slip was proposed in this paper and the Cunningham correction was used in the droplet resistance calculation. This dual-fluid model was applied to the numerical simulations of wet steam flow in a 2D LAVAL nozzle and in the White cascade respectively. The results of two simulations demonstrate that the model is reliable. Meanwhile, the spontaneous condensing flow in White cascade was analyzed and it infers that the irreversible loss caused by condensation accounts for the largest share (about 8.78% of inlet total pressure) in total pressure loss while the loss caused by velocity slip takes the smallest share (nearly 0.42%), and another part of total pressure loss caused by pneumatic factors contributes a less share than condensation, i.e. almost 3.95% of inlet total pressure.展开更多
Mental health interventions following disasters have been criticized as individualistic, incomplete, and culturally insensitive. This article showcases the effects of a culturally relevant and sustainable psychosocial...Mental health interventions following disasters have been criticized as individualistic, incomplete, and culturally insensitive. This article showcases the effects of a culturally relevant and sustainable psychosocial capacitybuilding project at the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Specifically, the project focuses on women, a group that has received limited attention in post-disaster recovery in China. This qualitative research study(N = 14)sheds light on the characteristics and processes of the implementation of a post-disaster psychosocial intervention project in rural China. In addition, by adopting the Success Case Method as an evaluation approach, this study elucidates its effects on the psychological and social changes of the disaster victims. The findings capture five aspects of psychosocial changes: enriched daily life, better mood,enhanced self-confidence, increased willingness to socialize, and the provision of mutual help. This study hopes to encourage more culturally relevant and empowering practices for women in building their psychosocial capacity after disasters.展开更多
基金funded by Sichuan University(Grant No.2018hhf-06)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Community resilience has received growing attention in disaster risk management policies and practices,especially in China.However,few applicable instruments are available as a baseline for profiling and estimating a community’s resiliency in the face of disasters.The purpose of this study is to cross-culturally adapt and validate the original version of the 10-Item Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measurement(CCRAM-10)in China.Our study further investigates if and to what extent community members translate their participation in disaster risk reduction(DRR)activities into perceived community resilience.A Chinese version of CCRAM-10 was generated and applied to 369 participants from a rural and an urban community in southwest China affected by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake.Internal consistency reliability and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the assessment instrument’s applicability.The Communities Advancing Resilience Toolkit Assessment Survey was used to establish the convergent validity for the Chinese version of CCRAM-10.Multiple linear regression models were used to explore the correlations between respondents’participation in activities and their perception of community resilience,while controlling for basic socio-demographic variables.Analysis results demonstrated good internal consistency reliability(Cronbach’s alpha=0.85)and satisfactory convergent validity for the Chinese version of the CCRAM-10.Construct validity was also confirmed(χ~2/df=2.161;CFI=0.977;GFI=0.971;NFI=0.958;RMSEA=0.056;SRMR=0.030).The regression analysis results indicated that respondents’participation in DRR activities was positively correlated with their perception of community resilience.This study contributes to the wider collection of disaster studies by providing a tested tool for assessing community resilience in the context of China.Community workers and practice researchers may be interested in applying CCRAM-10 to evaluate the effect of specific DRR programmatic activities for improving community resilience.
基金support for this work by the fundamental research funds for the Cen-tral Universities (Grant No. HIT. NSRIF. 201173)
文摘A new dual-fluid model considering phase transition and velocity slip was proposed in this paper and the Cunningham correction was used in the droplet resistance calculation. This dual-fluid model was applied to the numerical simulations of wet steam flow in a 2D LAVAL nozzle and in the White cascade respectively. The results of two simulations demonstrate that the model is reliable. Meanwhile, the spontaneous condensing flow in White cascade was analyzed and it infers that the irreversible loss caused by condensation accounts for the largest share (about 8.78% of inlet total pressure) in total pressure loss while the loss caused by velocity slip takes the smallest share (nearly 0.42%), and another part of total pressure loss caused by pneumatic factors contributes a less share than condensation, i.e. almost 3.95% of inlet total pressure.
基金funded by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University for the project Coping with Loss in a Chinese Post-disaster Context:Comparison Case Studies in Wenchuan Yingxiu Primary School and Mianzhu Zhongxin Friendship Primary School of Sichuan (A-PM12)
文摘Mental health interventions following disasters have been criticized as individualistic, incomplete, and culturally insensitive. This article showcases the effects of a culturally relevant and sustainable psychosocial capacitybuilding project at the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Specifically, the project focuses on women, a group that has received limited attention in post-disaster recovery in China. This qualitative research study(N = 14)sheds light on the characteristics and processes of the implementation of a post-disaster psychosocial intervention project in rural China. In addition, by adopting the Success Case Method as an evaluation approach, this study elucidates its effects on the psychological and social changes of the disaster victims. The findings capture five aspects of psychosocial changes: enriched daily life, better mood,enhanced self-confidence, increased willingness to socialize, and the provision of mutual help. This study hopes to encourage more culturally relevant and empowering practices for women in building their psychosocial capacity after disasters.
