Sulforaphane, a naturally specialized metabolite, plays significant roles in human disease prevention and plant defense. Myrosinase(MY) is a key gene responsible for the catalysis of sulforaphane formation, but the mo...Sulforaphane, a naturally specialized metabolite, plays significant roles in human disease prevention and plant defense. Myrosinase(MY) is a key gene responsible for the catalysis of sulforaphane formation, but the molecular mechanisms through which MY regulates sulforaphane biosynthesis in plants remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered that the change of sulforaphane content in broccoli sprouts caused by exogenous selenite treatments is positively related to BoMY expression. BoMY overexpression in the Arabidopsis thaliana tgg1 mutants could dramatically increase myrosinase activity and sulforaphane content in the rosette leaves of 35S::BoMY/tgg1 and rescue its phenotypes.Moreover, an obvious increase of myrosinase activity and sulforaphane content was displayed in transgenic BoMY-overexpressed broccoli lines.In addition, a 2 033 bp promoter fragment of BoMY was isolated. Yeast one-hybrid(Y1H) library screening experiment uncovered that one bHLH transcription factor, BoFAMA, could directly bind to BoMY promoter to activate its expression, which was further evidenced by Y1H assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay. BoFAMA is a selenite-responsive transcription factor that is highly expressed in broccoli leaves;its protein is solely localized to nucleus. Additionally, genetic evidence suggested that the knockdown of FAMA gene in Arabidopsis thaliana could significantly decrease sulforaphane yield by inhibiting the expression of myrosinase genes. Interestingly, exogenous selenite supply could partially restore the low level of sulforaphane content in transgenic Arabidopsis FAMA-silencing plants. Our findings uncover a novel function of FAMAMY module in the regulation of selenite-mediated sulforaphane synthesis and provide a new insights into the molecular mechanism by which selenite regulates the accumulation of sulforaphane in plants.展开更多
Long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)IDH1 antisense RNA 1(IDH1-AS1)is involved in the progression of multiple cancers,but its role in epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC)is unknown.Therefore,we investigated the expression levels of ID...Long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)IDH1 antisense RNA 1(IDH1-AS1)is involved in the progression of multiple cancers,but its role in epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC)is unknown.Therefore,we investigated the expression levels of IDH1-AS1 in EOC cells and normal ovarian epithelial cells by quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR).We first evaluated the effects of IDH1-AS1 on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of EOC cells through cell counting kit-8,colony formation,EdU,transwell,wound-healing,and xenograft assays.We then explored the downstream targets of IDH1-AS1 and verified the results by a dual-luciferase reporter,qPCR,rescue experiments,and Western blotting.We found that the expression levels of IDH1-AS1 were lower in EOC cells than in normal ovarian epithelial cells.High IDH1-AS1 expression of EOC patients from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database indicated a favorable prognosis,because IDH1-AS1 inhibited cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth of EOC.IDH1-AS1 sponged miR-518c-5p whose overexpression promoted EOC cell proliferation.The miR-518c-5p mimic also reversed the proliferation-inhibiting effect induced by IDH1-AS1 overexpression.Furthermore,we found that RNA binding motif protein 47(RBM47)was the downstream target of miR-518c-5p,that upregulation of RBM47 inhibited EOC cell proliferation,and that RBM47 overexpressing plasmid counteracted the proliferation-promoting effect caused by the IDH1-AS1 knockdown.Taken together,IDH1-AS1 may suppress EOC cell proliferation and tumor growth via the miR-518c-5p/RBM47 axis.展开更多
Stored nonstructural carbohydrates(NSC)indicate a balance between photosynthetic carbon(C)assimilation and growth investment or loss through respiration and root exudation.They play an important role in plant function...Stored nonstructural carbohydrates(NSC)indicate a balance between photosynthetic carbon(C)assimilation and growth investment or loss through respiration and root exudation.They play an important role in plant function and whole-plant level C cycling.CO_(2)elevation and nitrogen(N)deposition,which are two major environmental issues worldwide,aff ect plant photosynthetic C assimilation and C release in forest ecosystems.However,information regarding the eff ect of CO_(2)elevation and N deposition on NSC storage in diff erent organs remains limited,especially regarding the trade-off between growth and NSC reserves.Therefore,here we analyzed the variations in the NSC storage in diff erent organs of Chinese fi r(Cunninghamia lanceolata)under CO_(2)elevation and N addition and found that NSC concentrations and contents in all organs of Chinese fi r saplings increased remarkably under CO_(2)elevation.However,N addition induced diff erential accumulation of NSC among various organs.Specifi cally,N addition decreased the NSC concentrations of needles,branches,stems,and fi ne roots,but increased the NSC contents of branches and coarse roots.The increase in the NSC contents of roots was more pronounced than that in the NSC content of aboveground organs under CO_(2)elevation.The role of N addition in the increase in the structural biomass of aboveground organs was greater than that in the increase in the structural biomass of roots.This result indicated that a diff erent tradeoff between growth and NSC storage occurred to alleviate resource limitations under CO_(2)elevation and N addition and highlights the importance of separating biomass into structural biomass and NSC reserves when investigating the eff ects of environmental change on biomass allocation.展开更多
In the context of global carbon neutrality, the application of lightweight magnesium alloys is becoming increasingly attractive. In this study, selective laser melting(SLM) was employed to achieve nearly full dense an...In the context of global carbon neutrality, the application of lightweight magnesium alloys is becoming increasingly attractive. In this study, selective laser melting(SLM) was employed to achieve nearly full dense and crack-free AZ91D components with fine equiaxed grain structure. The formation mechanism of typical pore defects(gas pore, lack-of-fusion pore and keyhole pore) and melting modes(keyhole mode and conduction mode) were systematically studied by varying the laser power and scanning speed. The morphology and volume fraction of the pores under different processing conditions were characterized. A criterion based on the depth-to-width ratio of the melt pool was established to identify different melting modes. The strength and ductility(tensile strength up to 340 MPa and uniform elongation of 8.9%)of the as deposited AZ91D are far superior to those of the casting components and are comparable to those of its wrought counterparts.The superior balance of strength and ductility of SLMed AZ91D, as well as the negligible anisotropic properties are mainly ascribed to the extremely fine equiaxed grain structure(with average grain size of ~1.2 μm), as well as the discontinuous distribution of β-Al_(12)Mg_(17) phases. It thus provides an alternative way to fabricate high-strength magnesium alloys with complex geometry.展开更多
The sampling of environmental water should ensure the representativeness and integrity of the sampled water body,which has an important impact on the monitoring results.The sampling of different water bodies sampling ...The sampling of environmental water should ensure the representativeness and integrity of the sampled water body,which has an important impact on the monitoring results.The sampling of different water bodies sampling will result in different monitoring results.Based on the study on the problems and influencing factors in the sampling process of environmental water quality,improvement measures during the sampling process were elaborated in the paper,with the aim to strengthen on-site control of water sampling,and reduce adverse effects on monitoring results.展开更多
Ginger(Zingiber officinale),the type species of Zingiberaceae,is one of the most widespread medicinal plants and spices.Here,we report a high-quality,chromosome-scale reference genome of ginger‘Zhugen’,a traditional...Ginger(Zingiber officinale),the type species of Zingiberaceae,is one of the most widespread medicinal plants and spices.Here,we report a high-quality,chromosome-scale reference genome of ginger‘Zhugen’,a traditionally cultivated ginger in Southwest China used as a fresh vegetable,assembled from PacBio long reads,Illumina short reads,and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture(Hi-C)reads.The ginger genome was phased into two haplotypes,haplotype 1(1.53 Gb with a contig N50 of 4.68 M)and haplotype 0(1.51 Gb with a contig N50 of 5.28 M).Homologous ginger chromosomes maintained excellent gene pair collinearity.In 17,226 pairs of allelic genes,11.9%exhibited differential expression between alleles.Based on the results of ginger genome sequencing,transcriptome analysis,and metabolomic analysis,we proposed a backbone biosynthetic pathway of gingerol analogs,which consists of 12 enzymatic gene families,PAL,C4H,4CL,CST,C3’H,C3OMT,CCOMT,CSE,PKS,AOR,DHN,and DHT.These analyses also identified the likely transcription factor networks that regulate the synthesis of gingerol analogs.Overall,this study serves as an excellent resource for further research on ginger biology and breeding,lays a foundation for a better understanding of ginger evolution,and presents an intact biosynthetic pathway for species-specific gingerol biosynthesis.展开更多
Sulfur hexafluoride(SF_(6))is an extremely severe greenhouse gas.It is an urgently important mission to find excellent candidates for selective adsorption of SF_(6),in order to reduce the emission of SF_(6) facilities...Sulfur hexafluoride(SF_(6))is an extremely severe greenhouse gas.It is an urgently important mission to find excellent candidates for selective adsorption of SF_(6),in order to reduce the emission of SF_(6) facilities.Here,we adopt the molecular simulation method to systematically explore the selective adsorption of SF_(6) in 22 kinds of representative covalent-and metal-organic frameworks.Results indicate that COF-6 is a promising candidate for the SF_(6) adsorption at low pressure P<20 kPa because of its small pore size,while MOF-180 and PAF-302 are excellent candidates at high pressure P=2×10^(3) kPa due to their large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area(BET SSA)and pore volumes.For the two cases of the power industry(X_(SF_(6))=0.1)and the semiconductor industry(X_(SF_(6))=0.002)environments,COF-6 and ZIF-8 are fairly promising candidates for selective adsorption of SF_(6) from the SF_(6)/N_(2) mixtures,because they not only present the high selectivity,but also the large adsorption capacity at ambient environment,which can be considered as potential adsorbents for selective adsorption of SF_(6) at ambient conditions.展开更多
Temperate and high-latitude forests are carbon sinks and play pivotal roles in offsetting greenhouse gas emissions of CO2.However,uncertainty still exists for subtropical forests,especially in monsoon-prevalent easter...Temperate and high-latitude forests are carbon sinks and play pivotal roles in offsetting greenhouse gas emissions of CO2.However,uncertainty still exists for subtropical forests,especially in monsoon-prevalent eastern Asia.Earlier studies have depended on remote sensing,ecosystem modeling,carbon fluxes,or single period forest surveys to estimate carbon sequestration capacities,and the results vary significantly.This study was designed to utilize multi-period forest survey data to explore spatial-dynamics of biomass storage in subtropical forests of China.Jiangxi province,a region with over 60%subtropical forest cover,was selected as the case study site and is located in central east China.Based on forest inventory data 1984-2013,and the stock-difference and biomass expansion factor methods,the carbon storage and density,of arboreal forests,economic forests,bamboo forests,woodlands and shrubberies were estimated.The results show that carbon storage increased from 159.1 Tg C in 1988 to 276.1 TgC in 2013,making up 3.1-3.8%of carbon stored throughout China.Among the four types of forests,the amount of carbon stored was as follows:arboreal forest>economic forest>bamboo forest>woodland and shrubbery.Arboreal forests accounted for 64.0-79.4%of the total.Forest carbon density increased from 21.2 Mg C ha-1 in 1984 to26.2 Mg C ha-1 in 2013,equal to 61.2-70.2%of the average carbon density of China’s forests in the same period.Forest carbon storage in Jiangxi will reach 355.5 Tg C and 535.8 Tg C in 2020 and 2030,respectively,and forest carbon density is predicted to be 31.9 Mg C ha-1and 46.4 Mg C ha-1,respectively.As one of the few studies using multi-period data tracking biomass dynamics in Jiangxi province,the findings of this study may be used as a reference for other research.Using Jiangxi as a case study underlies the fact that subtropical forests in China have great carbon sequestration potential and have fundamental significance to offset global environmental change effects.展开更多
After online publication of the article 1,the authors noticed the affiliation“College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants,Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences,Yongchuan,Chongqi...After online publication of the article 1,the authors noticed the affiliation“College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants,Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences,Yongchuan,Chongqing,China”for author Yiqing Liu was missing.展开更多
Besides its ecological services to China and even Asia,the Qingzang Plateau(QP)hosts a rich variety of wildlife species.During the last century,wildlife population decreased quickly on the QP,driven by human intervent...Besides its ecological services to China and even Asia,the Qingzang Plateau(QP)hosts a rich variety of wildlife species.During the last century,wildlife population decreased quickly on the QP,driven by human interventions.Recently,wildlife has witnessed rapid recovery mainly propelled by a series of wildlife conservation policies.However,some cautions merit attentions to sustain wildlife restoration and conservation on the QP.This paper casted an overview of environmental and social-economic changes on the QP affecting wildlife subsistence.Re-sults show that QP has been warming,which can benefit wildlife recovery by easing extreme low temperature stresses.The fast growing social economy across the QP lays a solid economic foundation for investing on wildlife protection.Measures such as establishing conservation areas,constructing wildlife pathway corridors,and en-couraging herdsman moving out from wildlife rich regions,have boosted wildlife recovery.However,wildlife recovery is constrained by the limited carrying capacity of the ecosystem,left by domestic livestock.Additionally,fences intended to delineate conservation areas or to separate each type of grassland use,have brought about profound side effects on wildlife through fragmentation of their habitats.It is recommended to set up the fence in a more ecological way,which can be achieved by bypassing the wildlife frequent pathway and using mate-rials devoid of steel barb.Only considering both opportunities and problems simultaneously,can the wildlife protection on the QP be sustained.展开更多
Internet technology is the greatest scientific and technological achievement of mankind in the 20th century.It has brought mankind into the information age and greatly changed people's way of learning,education,wo...Internet technology is the greatest scientific and technological achievement of mankind in the 20th century.It has brought mankind into the information age and greatly changed people's way of learning,education,work,leisure and entertainment,family education and so on.In the Internet age,underage children spend a considerable amount of time online,and they spend less time talking and communicating with their parents?Therefore,the development of network technology has posed a new challenge not only to school education and social education,but also to the traditional family education[6].So,under the impact and challenge of the network era,what countermeasures do family education apply to communicate well with children?This is the center of this research.展开更多
In the era of We-Media,the rapid development of college students’self-organization of network has a great impact on the college students and also brought new challenges to the educational management in colleges.Colle...In the era of We-Media,the rapid development of college students’self-organization of network has a great impact on the college students and also brought new challenges to the educational management in colleges.Colleges should actively respond to challenges and explore practical measures to promote the healthy and benign development of college students’self-organization of network:First,innovate teaching concepts,upgrade new media technologies,and build a modern teaching team;Second,actively occupy the online platforms,impart high-quality resources,and develop flexible,guiding education with clear classification;Third,develop reasonable rules and regulations,related management departments and teams,and carry out efficient and comprehensive management.展开更多
The equiatomic TiNbZrTaHf alloy was successfully rolled at room temperature with the reduction of ~ 85%. The microstructure and tensile properties were investigated after cold working and annealing. It was determined ...The equiatomic TiNbZrTaHf alloy was successfully rolled at room temperature with the reduction of ~ 85%. The microstructure and tensile properties were investigated after cold working and annealing. It was determined that the recrystallization temperature of the TiNbZrTaHf alloy between 850 and 900 ℃. Complete recrystallization and normal grain growth occurred, the high stability of single phase was maintained after annealing at 1000, 1200, and 1400 ℃. But the precipitated phase appeared after long term annealing, as seen after 500 h at 1000 ℃. After cold working, the tensile strength and the elongation of TiNbZrTaHf were 1137 MPa and 25.1%, respectively. The annealed alloy has a high tensile strength (σ_(b )= 863 MPa) and ductility (ε_(e )= 28.5%). Moreover, the oxidation of TiNbZrTaHf alloy at elevated temperatures has a significant impact on its mechanical properties. The poor oxidation resistance of TiNbZrTaHf can accelerate tensile failure by inducing fractures at grain boundaries.展开更多
With the exploding prevalence of obesity,many children are at risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Using anthropometric and laboratory parameters,our study aimed to develop a model to quantitatively eva...With the exploding prevalence of obesity,many children are at risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Using anthropometric and laboratory parameters,our study aimed to develop a model to quantitatively evaluate liver fat content(LFC)in children with obesity.Methods A well-characterized cohort of 181 children between 5 and 16 years of age were recruited to the study in the Endocrinology Department as the derivation cohort.The external validation cohort comprised 77 children.The assessment of liver fat content was performed using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Anthropometry and laboratory metrics were measured in all subjects.B-ultrasound examination was carried out in the external validation cohort.The Kruskal-Wallis test,Spearman bivariate correlation analyses,univariable linear regressions and multivariable linear regression were used to build the optimal predictive model.Results The model was based on indicators including alanine aminotransferase,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,triglycerides,waist circumference and Tanner stage.The adjusted R^(2)of the model was 0.589,which presented high sensitivity and specificity both in internal[sensitivity of 0.824,specificity of 0.900,area under curve(AUC)of 0.900 with a 95%confidence interval:0.783–1.000]and external validation(sensitivity of 0.918 and specificity of 0.821,AUC of 0.901 with a 95%confidence interval:0.818–0.984).Conclusions Our model based on five clinical indicators was simple,non-invasive,and inexpensive;it had high sensitivity and specificity in predicting LFC in children.Thus,it may be useful for identifying children with obesity who are at risk for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Studies have extensively documented the separate and independent effects of extreme temperature and ozone on morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory and circulatory d...What is already known about this topic?Studies have extensively documented the separate and independent effects of extreme temperature and ozone on morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory and circulatory diseases.What is added by this report?The study revealed a significant association between elevated temperature,ozone pollution,and the combined effect of high temperature and ozone pollution with an increased risk of all-cause medical emergency calls(MECs)and MECs specifically related to neurological diseases.What are the implications for public health practice?Interventional measures should be implemented to mitigate exposure to high temperatures and ozone levels.Specifically,during the warm season,it is crucial for relevant authorities to focus on disseminating scientific information regarding the health impacts of elevated temperatures and ozone pollution.Additionally,timely public health advisories should be issued to alert the public effectively.展开更多
Background:Tooth is vital not only for a good smile,but also good health.Yet,we lose tooth regularly due to accidents or diseases.An ideal solution to this problem is to regenerate tooth with patients’own cells.Here ...Background:Tooth is vital not only for a good smile,but also good health.Yet,we lose tooth regularly due to accidents or diseases.An ideal solution to this problem is to regenerate tooth with patients’own cells.Here we describe the generation of tooth-like structures from integration-free human urine induced pluripotent stem cells(ifhU-iPSCs).Results:We first differentiated ifhU-iPSCs to epithelial sheets,which were then recombined with E14.5 mouse dental mesenchymes.Tooth-like structures were recovered from these recombinants in 3 weeks with success rate up to 30%for 8 different iPSC lines,comparable to H1 hESC.We further detected that ifhU-iPSC derived epithelial sheets differentiated into enamel-secreting ameloblasts in the tooth-like structures,possessing physical properties such as elastic modulus and hardness found in the regular human tooth.Conclusion:Our results demonstrate that ifhU-iPSCs can be used to regenerate patient specific dental tissues or even tooth for further drug screening or regenerative therapies.展开更多
To the Editor:Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma(PPLELC)is considered to be a rare type of lung cancer and is caused by long-term Epstein-Barr virus infection with clinical symptoms similar to most lun...To the Editor:Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma(PPLELC)is considered to be a rare type of lung cancer and is caused by long-term Epstein-Barr virus infection with clinical symptoms similar to most lung cancers.During the COVID-19 pandemic,we treated a seemingly asymptomatic patient with PPLELC comorbidity who was admitted to the hospital for an acute attack of chronic rhinitis.The chest computed tomography(CT)scans showed an abnormal mass in the patient's lung.Based on this clinical case,we propose that there is a positive correlation between chronic Epstein-Barr virus-related rhinitis and PPLELC.In addition,we recommend that patients with rhinitis who are infected by the Epstein-Barr virus receive continuous antiviral therapy with regular monitoring of the viral concentration and CT scans.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos.2022YFF1003000,2022YFE0108300)the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.32272747,32072585,32072568)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant Nos.2021JJ30324,2021JJ30345)the Outstanding Youth Project of Educational Department of Hunan Province (Grant No.20B275)。
文摘Sulforaphane, a naturally specialized metabolite, plays significant roles in human disease prevention and plant defense. Myrosinase(MY) is a key gene responsible for the catalysis of sulforaphane formation, but the molecular mechanisms through which MY regulates sulforaphane biosynthesis in plants remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered that the change of sulforaphane content in broccoli sprouts caused by exogenous selenite treatments is positively related to BoMY expression. BoMY overexpression in the Arabidopsis thaliana tgg1 mutants could dramatically increase myrosinase activity and sulforaphane content in the rosette leaves of 35S::BoMY/tgg1 and rescue its phenotypes.Moreover, an obvious increase of myrosinase activity and sulforaphane content was displayed in transgenic BoMY-overexpressed broccoli lines.In addition, a 2 033 bp promoter fragment of BoMY was isolated. Yeast one-hybrid(Y1H) library screening experiment uncovered that one bHLH transcription factor, BoFAMA, could directly bind to BoMY promoter to activate its expression, which was further evidenced by Y1H assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay. BoFAMA is a selenite-responsive transcription factor that is highly expressed in broccoli leaves;its protein is solely localized to nucleus. Additionally, genetic evidence suggested that the knockdown of FAMA gene in Arabidopsis thaliana could significantly decrease sulforaphane yield by inhibiting the expression of myrosinase genes. Interestingly, exogenous selenite supply could partially restore the low level of sulforaphane content in transgenic Arabidopsis FAMA-silencing plants. Our findings uncover a novel function of FAMAMY module in the regulation of selenite-mediated sulforaphane synthesis and provide a new insights into the molecular mechanism by which selenite regulates the accumulation of sulforaphane in plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81572556 and 81402139).
文摘Long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)IDH1 antisense RNA 1(IDH1-AS1)is involved in the progression of multiple cancers,but its role in epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC)is unknown.Therefore,we investigated the expression levels of IDH1-AS1 in EOC cells and normal ovarian epithelial cells by quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR).We first evaluated the effects of IDH1-AS1 on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of EOC cells through cell counting kit-8,colony formation,EdU,transwell,wound-healing,and xenograft assays.We then explored the downstream targets of IDH1-AS1 and verified the results by a dual-luciferase reporter,qPCR,rescue experiments,and Western blotting.We found that the expression levels of IDH1-AS1 were lower in EOC cells than in normal ovarian epithelial cells.High IDH1-AS1 expression of EOC patients from the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis database indicated a favorable prognosis,because IDH1-AS1 inhibited cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth of EOC.IDH1-AS1 sponged miR-518c-5p whose overexpression promoted EOC cell proliferation.The miR-518c-5p mimic also reversed the proliferation-inhibiting effect induced by IDH1-AS1 overexpression.Furthermore,we found that RNA binding motif protein 47(RBM47)was the downstream target of miR-518c-5p,that upregulation of RBM47 inhibited EOC cell proliferation,and that RBM47 overexpressing plasmid counteracted the proliferation-promoting effect caused by the IDH1-AS1 knockdown.Taken together,IDH1-AS1 may suppress EOC cell proliferation and tumor growth via the miR-518c-5p/RBM47 axis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32192434,42007102)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2020J01376)+1 种基金the Start-up Foundation for Advanced Talents in Sanming University(Grant No.19YG13)Educational Research Project for Young and Middle-aged Teachers of Fujian Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.JAT190704).
文摘Stored nonstructural carbohydrates(NSC)indicate a balance between photosynthetic carbon(C)assimilation and growth investment or loss through respiration and root exudation.They play an important role in plant function and whole-plant level C cycling.CO_(2)elevation and nitrogen(N)deposition,which are two major environmental issues worldwide,aff ect plant photosynthetic C assimilation and C release in forest ecosystems.However,information regarding the eff ect of CO_(2)elevation and N deposition on NSC storage in diff erent organs remains limited,especially regarding the trade-off between growth and NSC reserves.Therefore,here we analyzed the variations in the NSC storage in diff erent organs of Chinese fi r(Cunninghamia lanceolata)under CO_(2)elevation and N addition and found that NSC concentrations and contents in all organs of Chinese fi r saplings increased remarkably under CO_(2)elevation.However,N addition induced diff erential accumulation of NSC among various organs.Specifi cally,N addition decreased the NSC concentrations of needles,branches,stems,and fi ne roots,but increased the NSC contents of branches and coarse roots.The increase in the NSC contents of roots was more pronounced than that in the NSC content of aboveground organs under CO_(2)elevation.The role of N addition in the increase in the structural biomass of aboveground organs was greater than that in the increase in the structural biomass of roots.This result indicated that a diff erent tradeoff between growth and NSC storage occurred to alleviate resource limitations under CO_(2)elevation and N addition and highlights the importance of separating biomass into structural biomass and NSC reserves when investigating the eff ects of environmental change on biomass allocation.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [51805415,51922048]China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2019M663682]+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [Grant number 2019M663682]Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST [Grant number 2021QNRC001]the fund of State Key Laboratory of Long-life High Temperature Materials (DECSKL202104)。
文摘In the context of global carbon neutrality, the application of lightweight magnesium alloys is becoming increasingly attractive. In this study, selective laser melting(SLM) was employed to achieve nearly full dense and crack-free AZ91D components with fine equiaxed grain structure. The formation mechanism of typical pore defects(gas pore, lack-of-fusion pore and keyhole pore) and melting modes(keyhole mode and conduction mode) were systematically studied by varying the laser power and scanning speed. The morphology and volume fraction of the pores under different processing conditions were characterized. A criterion based on the depth-to-width ratio of the melt pool was established to identify different melting modes. The strength and ductility(tensile strength up to 340 MPa and uniform elongation of 8.9%)of the as deposited AZ91D are far superior to those of the casting components and are comparable to those of its wrought counterparts.The superior balance of strength and ductility of SLMed AZ91D, as well as the negligible anisotropic properties are mainly ascribed to the extremely fine equiaxed grain structure(with average grain size of ~1.2 μm), as well as the discontinuous distribution of β-Al_(12)Mg_(17) phases. It thus provides an alternative way to fabricate high-strength magnesium alloys with complex geometry.
文摘The sampling of environmental water should ensure the representativeness and integrity of the sampled water body,which has an important impact on the monitoring results.The sampling of different water bodies sampling will result in different monitoring results.Based on the study on the problems and influencing factors in the sampling process of environmental water quality,improvement measures during the sampling process were elaborated in the paper,with the aim to strengthen on-site control of water sampling,and reduce adverse effects on monitoring results.
基金We sincerely thank Dr Pudi Renuka and Dr Jianjun Zhou at the National Cancer Institute for their critical reading of our manuscript. We thank Dr Eric R Fearon at the University of Michigan in USA for the E-cadherin promoter reporters and Dr Nowata at Kyushu University of Japan for the ERα expression vector. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30471813, 30572096 and 30670809), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China (5052024 and 7052061) and the Chinese PLANational Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars grant (06J017).
基金This work was supported by funding from the Ginger Genome Project of Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences(2018)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0300,cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0697,CQYC201903201,cstc2019jscx-dxwtBX0028)+4 种基金the Foundation for High-level Talents of Chongqing University of Arts and Science(2017RTZ21,P2018TZ05)the Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(KJZD-K202001304,KJQN201801339,KJQN201801330,KJQN201801335)the Foundation of Hubei Rural Science and Technology(2020BBA037)the State Key Research and Development Program of Hubei(2020BBA037)the Foundation of Laiwu Experimental Station of the National Characteristic Vegetable Industry System.
文摘Ginger(Zingiber officinale),the type species of Zingiberaceae,is one of the most widespread medicinal plants and spices.Here,we report a high-quality,chromosome-scale reference genome of ginger‘Zhugen’,a traditionally cultivated ginger in Southwest China used as a fresh vegetable,assembled from PacBio long reads,Illumina short reads,and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture(Hi-C)reads.The ginger genome was phased into two haplotypes,haplotype 1(1.53 Gb with a contig N50 of 4.68 M)and haplotype 0(1.51 Gb with a contig N50 of 5.28 M).Homologous ginger chromosomes maintained excellent gene pair collinearity.In 17,226 pairs of allelic genes,11.9%exhibited differential expression between alleles.Based on the results of ginger genome sequencing,transcriptome analysis,and metabolomic analysis,we proposed a backbone biosynthetic pathway of gingerol analogs,which consists of 12 enzymatic gene families,PAL,C4H,4CL,CST,C3’H,C3OMT,CCOMT,CSE,PKS,AOR,DHN,and DHT.These analyses also identified the likely transcription factor networks that regulate the synthesis of gingerol analogs.Overall,this study serves as an excellent resource for further research on ginger biology and breeding,lays a foundation for a better understanding of ginger evolution,and presents an intact biosynthetic pathway for species-specific gingerol biosynthesis.
基金We are greatly thankful to the support from the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Laser Interaction with Matter(SKLLIM1710).
文摘Sulfur hexafluoride(SF_(6))is an extremely severe greenhouse gas.It is an urgently important mission to find excellent candidates for selective adsorption of SF_(6),in order to reduce the emission of SF_(6) facilities.Here,we adopt the molecular simulation method to systematically explore the selective adsorption of SF_(6) in 22 kinds of representative covalent-and metal-organic frameworks.Results indicate that COF-6 is a promising candidate for the SF_(6) adsorption at low pressure P<20 kPa because of its small pore size,while MOF-180 and PAF-302 are excellent candidates at high pressure P=2×10^(3) kPa due to their large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area(BET SSA)and pore volumes.For the two cases of the power industry(X_(SF_(6))=0.1)and the semiconductor industry(X_(SF_(6))=0.002)environments,COF-6 and ZIF-8 are fairly promising candidates for selective adsorption of SF_(6) from the SF_(6)/N_(2) mixtures,because they not only present the high selectivity,but also the large adsorption capacity at ambient environment,which can be considered as potential adsorbents for selective adsorption of SF_(6) at ambient conditions.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number:41463005)Key research and development program of Jiangxi province(Grant Number:20181ACG70021).
文摘Temperate and high-latitude forests are carbon sinks and play pivotal roles in offsetting greenhouse gas emissions of CO2.However,uncertainty still exists for subtropical forests,especially in monsoon-prevalent eastern Asia.Earlier studies have depended on remote sensing,ecosystem modeling,carbon fluxes,or single period forest surveys to estimate carbon sequestration capacities,and the results vary significantly.This study was designed to utilize multi-period forest survey data to explore spatial-dynamics of biomass storage in subtropical forests of China.Jiangxi province,a region with over 60%subtropical forest cover,was selected as the case study site and is located in central east China.Based on forest inventory data 1984-2013,and the stock-difference and biomass expansion factor methods,the carbon storage and density,of arboreal forests,economic forests,bamboo forests,woodlands and shrubberies were estimated.The results show that carbon storage increased from 159.1 Tg C in 1988 to 276.1 TgC in 2013,making up 3.1-3.8%of carbon stored throughout China.Among the four types of forests,the amount of carbon stored was as follows:arboreal forest>economic forest>bamboo forest>woodland and shrubbery.Arboreal forests accounted for 64.0-79.4%of the total.Forest carbon density increased from 21.2 Mg C ha-1 in 1984 to26.2 Mg C ha-1 in 2013,equal to 61.2-70.2%of the average carbon density of China’s forests in the same period.Forest carbon storage in Jiangxi will reach 355.5 Tg C and 535.8 Tg C in 2020 and 2030,respectively,and forest carbon density is predicted to be 31.9 Mg C ha-1and 46.4 Mg C ha-1,respectively.As one of the few studies using multi-period data tracking biomass dynamics in Jiangxi province,the findings of this study may be used as a reference for other research.Using Jiangxi as a case study underlies the fact that subtropical forests in China have great carbon sequestration potential and have fundamental significance to offset global environmental change effects.
基金Project(20160520116JH)support by the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province,ChinaProject supported by Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials(Ministry of Education),Jilin University,China+1 种基金Project supported by PX group EPFL,SwitzerlandProject(193179/I40)supported by the Research Council of Norway
文摘After online publication of the article 1,the authors noticed the affiliation“College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants,Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences,Yongchuan,Chongqing,China”for author Yiqing Liu was missing.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program(Grant No.2019YFA0607302)CNSF(Grant No.41725003).
文摘Besides its ecological services to China and even Asia,the Qingzang Plateau(QP)hosts a rich variety of wildlife species.During the last century,wildlife population decreased quickly on the QP,driven by human interventions.Recently,wildlife has witnessed rapid recovery mainly propelled by a series of wildlife conservation policies.However,some cautions merit attentions to sustain wildlife restoration and conservation on the QP.This paper casted an overview of environmental and social-economic changes on the QP affecting wildlife subsistence.Re-sults show that QP has been warming,which can benefit wildlife recovery by easing extreme low temperature stresses.The fast growing social economy across the QP lays a solid economic foundation for investing on wildlife protection.Measures such as establishing conservation areas,constructing wildlife pathway corridors,and en-couraging herdsman moving out from wildlife rich regions,have boosted wildlife recovery.However,wildlife recovery is constrained by the limited carrying capacity of the ecosystem,left by domestic livestock.Additionally,fences intended to delineate conservation areas or to separate each type of grassland use,have brought about profound side effects on wildlife through fragmentation of their habitats.It is recommended to set up the fence in a more ecological way,which can be achieved by bypassing the wildlife frequent pathway and using mate-rials devoid of steel barb.Only considering both opportunities and problems simultaneously,can the wildlife protection on the QP be sustained.
文摘Internet technology is the greatest scientific and technological achievement of mankind in the 20th century.It has brought mankind into the information age and greatly changed people's way of learning,education,work,leisure and entertainment,family education and so on.In the Internet age,underage children spend a considerable amount of time online,and they spend less time talking and communicating with their parents?Therefore,the development of network technology has posed a new challenge not only to school education and social education,but also to the traditional family education[6].So,under the impact and challenge of the network era,what countermeasures do family education apply to communicate well with children?This is the center of this research.
基金“Research on guiding strategies of college students’self-organized innovation from the perspective of social core values in the new era”(Project No.2018WQNCX276,host:Huang Ke),one of the provincial key platforms and scientific research projects of colleges in Guangdong Province“Research on the Innovation of Methods to Ideological and Political Education in Colleges in the Era of Self-Organized Media”(Project No.2017GZMZQN20,Host:Huang Ke)in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan of the Municipal Philosophy and Social Science Department of Theory and Practice of Marxist.
文摘In the era of We-Media,the rapid development of college students’self-organization of network has a great impact on the college students and also brought new challenges to the educational management in colleges.Colleges should actively respond to challenges and explore practical measures to promote the healthy and benign development of college students’self-organization of network:First,innovate teaching concepts,upgrade new media technologies,and build a modern teaching team;Second,actively occupy the online platforms,impart high-quality resources,and develop flexible,guiding education with clear classification;Third,develop reasonable rules and regulations,related management departments and teams,and carry out efficient and comprehensive management.
基金supported by the Key R&D Plan of Sichuan Province(23ZDYF0546 and SC2022A1C01J)China Nuclear Power Research and Design Institute-Sichuan University Joint Innovation Fund(HG2022173&JG2022311)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ20E010003).
文摘The equiatomic TiNbZrTaHf alloy was successfully rolled at room temperature with the reduction of ~ 85%. The microstructure and tensile properties were investigated after cold working and annealing. It was determined that the recrystallization temperature of the TiNbZrTaHf alloy between 850 and 900 ℃. Complete recrystallization and normal grain growth occurred, the high stability of single phase was maintained after annealing at 1000, 1200, and 1400 ℃. But the precipitated phase appeared after long term annealing, as seen after 500 h at 1000 ℃. After cold working, the tensile strength and the elongation of TiNbZrTaHf were 1137 MPa and 25.1%, respectively. The annealed alloy has a high tensile strength (σ_(b )= 863 MPa) and ductility (ε_(e )= 28.5%). Moreover, the oxidation of TiNbZrTaHf alloy at elevated temperatures has a significant impact on its mechanical properties. The poor oxidation resistance of TiNbZrTaHf can accelerate tensile failure by inducing fractures at grain boundaries.
基金the National Key Research and Development Programme of China(No.2021YFC2701901,No.2016YFC1305301)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81570759 and 81270938)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82170583,81900510)Zhejiang Provincial Key Disciplines of Medicine(Innovation Discipline,11-CX24).
文摘With the exploding prevalence of obesity,many children are at risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Using anthropometric and laboratory parameters,our study aimed to develop a model to quantitatively evaluate liver fat content(LFC)in children with obesity.Methods A well-characterized cohort of 181 children between 5 and 16 years of age were recruited to the study in the Endocrinology Department as the derivation cohort.The external validation cohort comprised 77 children.The assessment of liver fat content was performed using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Anthropometry and laboratory metrics were measured in all subjects.B-ultrasound examination was carried out in the external validation cohort.The Kruskal-Wallis test,Spearman bivariate correlation analyses,univariable linear regressions and multivariable linear regression were used to build the optimal predictive model.Results The model was based on indicators including alanine aminotransferase,homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,triglycerides,waist circumference and Tanner stage.The adjusted R^(2)of the model was 0.589,which presented high sensitivity and specificity both in internal[sensitivity of 0.824,specificity of 0.900,area under curve(AUC)of 0.900 with a 95%confidence interval:0.783–1.000]and external validation(sensitivity of 0.918 and specificity of 0.821,AUC of 0.901 with a 95%confidence interval:0.818–0.984).Conclusions Our model based on five clinical indicators was simple,non-invasive,and inexpensive;it had high sensitivity and specificity in predicting LFC in children.Thus,it may be useful for identifying children with obesity who are at risk for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
基金Big-data Research Project of Jinan Health CommitteeSpecial Project of Public Health Plan of Jinan Health Committee.
文摘What is already known about this topic?Studies have extensively documented the separate and independent effects of extreme temperature and ozone on morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory and circulatory diseases.What is added by this report?The study revealed a significant association between elevated temperature,ozone pollution,and the combined effect of high temperature and ozone pollution with an increased risk of all-cause medical emergency calls(MECs)and MECs specifically related to neurological diseases.What are the implications for public health practice?Interventional measures should be implemented to mitigate exposure to high temperatures and ozone levels.Specifically,during the warm season,it is crucial for relevant authorities to focus on disseminating scientific information regarding the health impacts of elevated temperatures and ozone pollution.Additionally,timely public health advisories should be issued to alert the public effectively.
基金We thank Prof.Yanding Zhang and Prof.Dajiang Qin for valuable suggestions and all staffs working for the South Stem Cell Bank.This work was supported by the grants from Ministry of Science and Technology 973 Program(2010CB944800,2011CB965200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31000402)+3 种基金the“Strategic Priority Research Program”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA01020401,XDA01020202)863 Program(2011AA020109)Ministry of Science and Technology International Technology Cooperation Program(2012DFH30050)Open Project of Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KLRB201217).
文摘Background:Tooth is vital not only for a good smile,but also good health.Yet,we lose tooth regularly due to accidents or diseases.An ideal solution to this problem is to regenerate tooth with patients’own cells.Here we describe the generation of tooth-like structures from integration-free human urine induced pluripotent stem cells(ifhU-iPSCs).Results:We first differentiated ifhU-iPSCs to epithelial sheets,which were then recombined with E14.5 mouse dental mesenchymes.Tooth-like structures were recovered from these recombinants in 3 weeks with success rate up to 30%for 8 different iPSC lines,comparable to H1 hESC.We further detected that ifhU-iPSC derived epithelial sheets differentiated into enamel-secreting ameloblasts in the tooth-like structures,possessing physical properties such as elastic modulus and hardness found in the regular human tooth.Conclusion:Our results demonstrate that ifhU-iPSCs can be used to regenerate patient specific dental tissues or even tooth for further drug screening or regenerative therapies.
文摘To the Editor:Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma(PPLELC)is considered to be a rare type of lung cancer and is caused by long-term Epstein-Barr virus infection with clinical symptoms similar to most lung cancers.During the COVID-19 pandemic,we treated a seemingly asymptomatic patient with PPLELC comorbidity who was admitted to the hospital for an acute attack of chronic rhinitis.The chest computed tomography(CT)scans showed an abnormal mass in the patient's lung.Based on this clinical case,we propose that there is a positive correlation between chronic Epstein-Barr virus-related rhinitis and PPLELC.In addition,we recommend that patients with rhinitis who are infected by the Epstein-Barr virus receive continuous antiviral therapy with regular monitoring of the viral concentration and CT scans.