Phylogenetic Relationships of the Genus Paramesotriton(Caudata: Salamandridae) with the Description of a New Species from Qixiling Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, Southeastern China and a Key to the species

The matrilineal genealogy of the genus Paramesotriton is hypothesized based on DNA sequences from mitochondrial NADH subunit two （ND2） and its flanking tRNAs （tRN^Arp and a partial tRNA^Ala）. The genealogy identifies a highly divergent, unnamed lineage from Qixiling Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, China and places it as the sister taxon of P. chinensis. The newly discovered population differs from other congeners by several features of external morphology including having large clusters of dark brown conical warts on the dorsum of the head, lateral surface of the body and dorsolateral ridges. Its intermittent dorsal vertebral ridge is the same color as other parts of the dorsum and tail narrows gradually from the base to the tip. Further, the new population differs from all congeners by an uncorrected P-distance of more than 9.38% in ND2. Consequently, we describe the new species of Asian warty newt （Salamandridae） as Paramesotriton qixilingensis sp. nov.

A New Species of the Genus Scincella Mittleman, 1950 (Squamata: Scincidae)from Sichuan Province, Southwest China, with a Diagnostic Key of Scincella Species in China

The genus Scincella Mittleman,1950 of the family Scincidae currently includes 38 species."To date,however,taxonomic assessment remains challenging.Here,phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of four mitochondrial genes supported a putative new species from Sichuan Province,Southwest China,as an independent lineage.Uncorrected genetic distance of 16S rRNA between the new species and closest congener was 8%,and the population was morphologically distinguishable from all other known congeners.We herein describe the Scincella population as anew species based on both phylogeny and comparative morphology.The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters:(1)body slender,mediumsized,snout-vent length 35.0-62.1 mm;(2)infralabials seven,rarely eight;(3)supraciliaries 5-7;(4)tympanum deeply sunk without lobules;(5)midbody scale-row counts 27-30;(6)dorsal scales smooth and enlarged,paravertebral scale-row counts 60-75,ventral scalerow counts 46-59,gulars 25-30;(7)upper edge of lateral longitudinal stripes relatively straight with six rows of dorsal scales in middle;(8)number of enlarged,undivided lamellae beneath fingerⅣ9-11,number of enlarged,undivided lamellae beneath toeⅣ13-16;(9)ventral side of tail densely ornamented with dark brown or black spots;and(10)grayish-brown discontinuous regular dorsal stripes 5-7,distinct black dorsolateral stripes,starting from posterior corner of eye and continuing to lateral side of tail.A diagnostic key to all Scincella members from China is also provided The new species is currently only known from Wenchuan and Lixian counties,Sichuan Province,China,and brings the number of Scincella species in China to 12.This study emphasizes the incompleteness of knowledge on herpetodiversity in China.

固态发酵改善棉籽粕品质的研究

通过固态发酵对棉籽粕进行品质改善,并探究其发酵后感官评价、抗营养因子含量及粗蛋白、总酸、酸溶蛋白的变化,为棉籽粕在水产养殖行业中的应用提供理论基础。研究首先探究了枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)单菌发酵棉籽粕降解其抗营养因子含量的最佳接种量、水料比和时间。研究结果表明,当接种量达到11%为最佳,水料比在(0.6—0.8﹕1)最佳,当发酵时间达到60h后,各抗营养因子的降解率达到最高。随后采用酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)配合枯草芽孢杆菌,同时在底物中添加植酸酶及纤维素酶溶液进行混菌固态发酵,并对最佳混菌比例以及酶液添加比例进行探究,结果表明,当枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母和植物乳杆菌的混菌比例为1﹕1﹕2时综合效果最佳,纤维素酶添加比例为1.25%,植酸酶添加比例为0.10%,降解抗营养因子的效果最佳。随后,以此条件进行混菌发酵,结果表明,混菌发酵棉籽粕在感官评定上要优于单菌发酵,棉籽粕中游离棉酚降解率达到40.13%,植酸降解率达到34.92%,单宁降解率达到40.24%,粗蛋白提升了10.26%,酸溶蛋白提升了59.2%,总酸提升了79.49%。因此,研究为提高棉籽粕的饲用价值提供参考,有利于提高棉籽粕在水产饲料中的添加水平。

240 nm AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet micro-LEDs:size effect versus edge effect

240 nm AlGaN-based micro-LEDs with different sizes are designed and fabricated.Then,the external quantum efficiency(EQE)and light extraction efficiency(LEE)are systematically investigated by comparing size and edge effects.Here,it is revealed that the peak optical output power increases by 81.83%with the size shrinking from 50.0 to 25.0μm.Thereinto,the LEE increases by 26.21%and the LEE enhancement mainly comes from the sidewall light extraction.Most notably,transversemagnetic(TM)mode light intensifies faster as the size shrinks due to the tilted mesa side-wall and Al reflector design.However,when it turns to 12.5μm sized micro-LEDs,the output power is lower than 25.0μm sized ones.The underlying mechanism is that even though protected by SiO2 passivation,the edge effect which leads to current leakage and Shockley-Read-Hall(SRH)recombination deteriorates rapidly with the size further shrinking.Moreover,the ratio of the p-contact area to mesa area is much lower,which deteriorates the p-type current spreading at the mesa edge.These findings show a role of thumb for the design of high efficiency micro-LEDs with wavelength below 250 nm,which will pave the way for wide applications of deep ultraviolet(DUV)micro-LEDs.

黄颡鱼硒蛋白基因的克隆与分析

为探讨黄颡鱼硒蛋白selenow2a、selenop2和selenot2基因之间的关系,采用3′/5′RACE PCR克隆得到3个基因的cDNA全长,分别为891、1998和1432bp,其中ORF长度分别为288、828和600bp,编码95、275和219个氨基酸。在线工具SECISerach3对3个基因的cDNA序列分析结果显示,它们都含有可以编码硒代半胱氨酸的终止密码子,以及在3′非编码区存在SECIS元件。通过氨基酸序列比对和系统发育树分析,发现sele-now2a、selenop2和selenot2基因预测得到的氨基酸序列与斑马鱼(Danio rerio)氨基酸相似性分别为82.24%、66.19%和79.45%,而与斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punetaus)的氨基酸相似性分别为94.74%、68.50%和90.95%,在发育树上则显示为树杈相接近。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测3个硒蛋白基因的mRNA在黄颡鱼心脏、肝脏、肌肉、脑、肠、脾脏、精巢和卵巢组织中的表达,结果显示其mRNA表达水平呈现组织特异性。表明3个基因拥有硒蛋白家族的特征,但在组织表达上具有特异性。

Taxonomic Status of Three Recently Proposed Species of the Genus Kurixalus(Anura,Rhacophoridae),with Discussion on the ZooBank Registrations for Electronical Publication

In the present study,we propose the synonymization of Kurixalus silvaenaias with Kurixalus qionglaiensis.This conclusion is based on morphological examination and phylogenetic analysis of a series of newly collected specimens,as well as the type series of both nomenclatures.The publication dates of the two species were determined according to the related articles of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.Of note,the ZooBank registrations for both species are invalid.Consequently,the publication of K.silvaenaias does not qualify as a published work and the correct publication date of K.qionglaiensis should be the date on which it was physically printed.Furthermore,based on the results presented in this study and its original description,the proposal of K.inexpectatus is deemed untenable and should,therefore,be considered a junior synonym of K.idiootocus.We further provide suggestions for the authors,editors,and publishers who are working on taxonomic publications,as well as for ZooBank to improve the registering service.

Assessing Factors Influencing Solar Energy Adoption among Small and Medium Enterprises in Mzuzu City, Malawi

One of the many renewable energy sources that offer advantages is solar energy, which also lowers energy prices and promotes environmental sustainability and energy security. Despite these advantages, various barriers, such as installation costs, have prevented small and medium-sized enterprises from investigating this invention. Malawi has a significant energy shortfall such that most businesses have been hindered from their profit maximization goals. The “Photovoltaic systems” (PV) that transform sunlight into electricity are the subject of this study. This type of solar energy system is situated on the building’s roof and generally produces electricity for businesses and even homes. Solar energy offers a great impact to small and medium enterprises in Mzuzu city with a cost-effective and dependable alternative to energy that has the potential to change the game. Therefore the aim of the study was to identify factors that encourage the adoption of solar energy among small medium enterprises in the city of Mzuzu city. And to identify some of barriers faced when adopting solar energy among small and medium enterprises in the city of Mzuzu. The research approach employed in the study was a survey. A survey is a type of research methodology in which primary data is gathered from a sample using a questionnaire. When information is to be gathered from a wider sample, a survey is employed. A bigger sample size was needed in this study in order to facilitate hypothesis testing. It is advised to apply a logical approach while using the survey. The survey utilized a five-point Likert scale. The study used convenience sampling to select study participants. The sample size in this study was determined using Cochran’s sample size formula. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel were used for statistical analysis. About 97.2% of the participants were aware of solar as a source of energy compared to 2.8 % who were unaware. The majority of participants use solar energy for lighting only, seconded by those who use electricity. The least number of participants use solar energy for cooling only. The majority of participants 21.5% indicated partnership and collaboration as the most motivating factor for the adoption of solar energy. This was followed by technical expertise 19.1 % the least number of participants 10.8% expressed that policy and regulatory frameworks were associated with the adoption of solar energy. This study found that there are no statistically significant factors influencing barriers to the adoption of solar energy. The price of solar energy adoption was identified as the least factor associated with the acceptance or rejection of solar energy. Nonetheless, the reasons given by the homes that had embraced solar technology aligned with the findings of other studies. This survey also found that although the public was aware of solar energy, and technology, there were still a number of factors that mattered, especially for non-adopters.

地铁运营安全风险管理现状探讨

当前城市化进程正在快速推进,地铁作为一项不可或缺的城市公共交通系统,能够满足大量乘客的出行需求。也正是如此,地铁运营密度与规模也在不断扩增,随之而来的运营安全风险也在逐步提高。如若发生地铁安全事故不但会带来严重的人员伤亡以及财产损失,还会严重影响了正常的交通秩序以及社会秩序,为此必须对地铁运营安全风险管理予以充分重视。基于此,论文将详细分析地铁运营安全风险管理的现状,并提出相应的处理策略,希望能为提高地铁运营安全以及稳定提供有益参考。

Rapid inactivation of human respiratory RNA viruses by deep ultraviolet irradiation from light-emitting diodes on a high-temperatureannealed AlN/Sapphire template

Efficient and eco-friendly disinfection of air-borne human respiratory RNA viruses is pursued in both public environment and portable usage.The AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet(DUV)light-emission diode(LED)has high practical potentials because of its advantages of variable wavelength,rapid sterilization,environmental protection,and miniaturization.Therefore,whether the emission wavelength has effects on the disinfection as well as whether the device is feasible to sterilize various respiratory RNA viruses under portable conditions is crucial.Here,we fabricate AlGaN-based DUV LEDs with different wavelength on high-temperature-annealed(HTA)AlN/Sapphire templates and investigate the inactivation effects for several respiratory RNA viruses.The AlN/AlGaN superlattices are employed between the template and upper n-AlGaN to release the strong compressive stress(SCS),improving the crystal quality and interface roughness.DUV LEDs with the wavelength of 256,265,and 278 nm,corresponding to the light output power of 6.8,9.6,and 12.5 mW,are realized,among which the 256 nm-LED shows the most potent inactivation effect in human respiratory RNA viruses,including SARS-CoV-2,influenza A virus(IAV),and human parainfluenza virus(HPIV),at a similar light power density(LPD)of~0.8 mW/cm2 for 10 s.These results will contribute to the advanced DUV LED application of disinfecting viruses with high potency and broad spectrum in a portable and eco-friendly use.

Proton acceleration from picosecond-laser interaction with a hydrocarbon target

As an intense picosecond laser pulse irradiates a hydrocarbon target,the protons therein can be accelerated by the radiation pressure as well as the sheath field behind the target.We investigate the effect of the laser and hydrocarbon target parameters on proton acceleration with two/threedimensional particle-in-cell simulations.It is found that the resulting two-ion species plasma can generate a multiple peaked charge-separation field that accelerates the protons.In particular,a smaller carbon-to-hydrogen ratio,as well as the thinner and/or lower density of the target,leads to a larger sheath field and thus proton beams with a larger cutoff energy and smoother energy spectrum.These results may be useful in achieving high-flux quasi-monoenergetic proton beams by properly designing the hydrocarbon target.

On the Validity of the Generic Nomen Liuixalus Li, Che, Bain, Zhao, and Zhang, 2008 (Anura: Rhacophoridae)

Dear Editor,The genus Liuixalus Li,Che,Bain,Zhao,and Zhang,2008 is a group of small-bodied Asian rhacophorid tree frogs and currently includes six species distributed in southern China and northern Vietnam(AmphibiaChina,2022;Pham et al.,2018;Qin et al.,2015).The type species of Liuixalus,L.romeri(Smith,1953),was originally assigned to the genus Chiromantis by Smith(1953)based on morphology.However,using molecular phylogenetic analysis,Li et al.(2008)found that C.romeri formed its own clade with an unidentified tree frog species,which was a sister group of the remaining taxa of the subfamily Rhacophorinae.

氮肥水平和移栽密度对新品杂交稻‘蜀优217’产量性状的影响

氮肥水平和合理密度是水稻高产的重要影响因子。为了更好的指导‘蜀优217’的生产应用,于2016、2017年在成都平原稻麦两熟种植制度下开展氮肥水平和移栽密度试验研究,为‘蜀优217’高产栽培提供理论支撑。结果表明:A4B2(氮肥180 kg/hm^2,栽植密度14.31穴/m^2)产量达到10.92 t/hm^2,比产量最低处理A1B1的9.78 t/hm^2增产1.19 t/hm^2,增幅12.21%。此外,产量较高的组合有A4B1(氮肥180 kg/hm^2,栽植密度20穴/m^2)、A3B2(氮肥150 kg/hm^2,栽植密度14.31穴/m^2)。氮肥水平和移栽密度对产量的影响极显著,而互作不显著。足穗、大穗、较高的结实率是其高产的主要原因。‘蜀优217’在成都平原稻麦两熟区高产栽培时,适宜的氮肥水平为150~180 kg/hm^2,适宜的栽植密度为14.31穴/m^2,可以实现高产高效。

氮肥水平与运筹方式对蜀优217产量形成的影响

合理的氮肥运筹方式是水稻高产栽培的重要措施。为了更好的发挥水稻新品种蜀优217在成都平原的高产潜力,研究了不同氮肥运筹方式对其产量的影响。结果表明,蜀优217在氮肥用量为10~12 kg/667 m2,且底肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥=7∶0∶3时,产量性状协调,穗大粒多,结实率高,最终获得高产。

强迫症的认知表达与归纳推理的领域特殊性

文章综述了有关强迫症(Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, OCD)的病理生理学和认知心理学的研究进展,提出从领域特殊性的角度来理解强迫症的病理机制。通过引证归纳的领域特殊性研究,分析了强迫症认知偏差的领域特殊性特征,并提出假设:强迫症患者的认知偏差可能有两种类型,第一类认知偏差是对任务效价评估的程度误差;第二类认知偏差是对任务类别判断的错误。本研究聚焦于第二类认知偏差的论证。本文最后提出了关于强迫症的第二类认知偏差的实验研究假设:与健康对照相比,1) 强迫症患者在“获利”情景中的信号检查指标:报告标准(C)趋于宽松,分辨率(d’)较低;2) 强迫症患者在“获利”和“避害”两种任务情景中的信号检查指标没有显著差异。

A/B超联合造影自发荧光在YAG激光玻璃体消融术中的应用

目的:A/B超联合造影自发荧光观察YAG激光治疗生理性玻璃体混浊的临床效果。方法:筛选2018-08/2019-01在汉口爱尔眼科医院诊断为生理性玻璃体混浊患者30例30眼,术前A/B超定位玻璃体混浊位置,距离晶状体2~3mm、视网膜3~4mm范围外为安全距离。检查患者术前最佳矫正视力、非接触眼压、扫描激光眼底照相、A/B超、造影自发荧光,由同一位操作熟练的医生应用YAG激光消融机对生理性玻璃体混浊进行激光消融治疗。激光治疗后随访1d,1wk,1mo,术后检查最佳矫正视力、非接触眼压、扫描激光眼底照相、造影自发荧光检查,采用Image-J软件测量治疗前后玻璃体混浊大小。结果:治疗前,治疗后1d,1wk,1mo最佳矫正视力、眼压均无差异(P>0.05)。30眼中,28眼一次激光消融治疗,2眼2次激光消融治疗,平均治疗次数1.06次。治疗后造影自发荧光显示玻璃体混浊明显减小或消失,前后对比有差异(P<0.01)。术中及术后均无并发症发生。结论:A/B超联合造影自发荧光证实YAG激光治疗生理性玻璃体混浊安全有效。

Therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture combined with neuromuscular joint facilitation in treatment of hemiplegic shoulder pain

BACKGROUND Stroke is a type of cerebrovascular disease with high prevalence,mortality,and onset of disability.As a neurodevelopmental therapy,neuromuscular joint facilitation(NJF)is widely used in the treatment of orthopedic and neurological disorders in the clinical practice.It is mainly used for central nervous system diseases or orthopedic diseases,movement disorders,and pain rehabilitation.According to related studies,NJF can also be used as a rehabilitation treatment in patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain(HSP).AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with NJF in patients with HSP.METHODS Forty patients with HSP were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group.The treatment group was treated with acupuncture combined with NJF and the control group was treated with acupuncture alone.All patients were assessed by using the visual analogue scale(VAS),Fugl-Meyer assessment(FMA),Barthel index(BI),and passive range of motion(PROM)before and after the training.All the clinical data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 statistical software.RESULTS There was no statistical difference in the general characteristics between the two groups.In the terms of duration of treatment,age,and pre-treatment indicators,the two groups were comparable(P>0.05).After the treatment,VAS,PROM,BI,and FMA scores were significantly improved in the two groups of patients(P<0.05).The VAS,PROM and FMA scores were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in BI scores between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Both acupuncture alone and acupuncture combined with NJF in the treatment of HSP are effective,and can improve the clinical symptoms of patients.Acupuncture combined with NJF can improve the upper limb motor function,relieve pain,and increase joint mobility in patients with HSP.The combination therapy is better than acupuncture alone.However,there is no significant difference in improving the score of patients’self-care ability.

Fast track clinical pathway implications in esophagogastrectomy

AIM： To investigate the feasibility of fast track clinica pathway for esophageal tumor resections. METHODS： One hundred and fourteen patients with esophageal carcinoma who underwent esophagogastrectomy from January 2006 to October 2007 in our department were studied. Fast track clinical pathway included analgesia control, fluid infusion volume control, early ambulation and enteral nutrition. Nasogastric tube was removed 3 d after operation and chest tube was removed 4 d after operation as a routine, and full liquid diet 5 d after operation. RESULTS： Among 114 patients （84 men and 30 women）, 26 patients underwent fast track surgery, including 17 patients over 65 years old and 9 under 65 （P = 0.014）; 18 patients who had preoperative complications could not bear fast track surgery （P 〈 0.001）. No significant differences in tolerance of fast track surgery were attributed to differences in gender, differentiated degree or stage of tumor, pathological type of tumor, or operative incision. The median length of hospital stay was 7 d （5-28 d）, 4% patients were readmitted to hospital within 30 d of discharge. Three patients died and postoperative mortality was 2.6%. All 3 patients had no determinacy to fast track surgery approach.CONCLUSION： The majority of patients with esophageal carcinoma can tolerate fast track surgery. Patients younger than 65 or who have no preoperative diseases have the best results. Median length of hospital stay has been reduced to 7 d.

Resurrection of the Genus Leptomantis, with Description of a New Genus to the Family Rhacophoridae(Amphibia:Anura)

Genus Rhacophorus Kuhl and Van Hasselt, 1 822 is one of the most diverse genera of the family Rhacophoridae, and its taxonomy of genus Rhacophorus faces major challenges because of rapidly described new species and complex interspecies relations. In this study, we investigate the generic taxonomy within the genus Rhacophorus based on 1 972 bp of mitochondrial genes(12S rRNA, tRNA-val and 16S rRNA), containing 102 sequences from 58 species. The results reveal three well-supported and highly diverged matrilines that correspond with morphological characteristics and geographic distribution. Accordingly, we consider these three lineages as distinct genera: Rhacophorus sensu stricto, resurrected genus Leptomantis Peters, 1867, and the genus Zhangixalus gen. nov.

Discovery of Japalura chapaensis Bourret, 1937 (Reptilia： Squamata： Agamidae) from Southeast Yunnan Province, China

Due to a paucity of surveys in northern Indochina and lack of international collaborations among neighboring countries, recognized distributional ranges for many amphibian and reptile species end at the political borders for some countries, despite seemingly continuous suitable habitat spanning the region. Combining both morphological and genetic data, we report the first discovery of Japalura chapaensis, a rare agamid lizard believed previously to be endemic to northern Vietnam only, along the border region of southeastern Yunnan Province, China. To facilitate future research on the genus Japalura sensu lato in Indochina, we provide detailed descriptions of additional specimens of this rare species, including the first description of coloration in life and an expanded diagnosis, and discuss the species boundary of J. chapaensis with respect to its congeners.

Two new species of Japalura(Squamata:Agamidae)from the Hengduan Mountain Range,China

Until recently, the agamid species, Japalura flaviceps was recognized to have the widest geographic dis- tribution among members of the genus occurring in China, from eastern Tibet to Shaanxi Province. However, recent studies restricted the distribution of J. flaviceps to the Dadu River valley only in north- western Sichuan Province, suggesting that records of J. flaviceps outside the Dadu River valley likely represent undescribed diversity. During two herpeto- faunal surveys in 2013 and 2015, eight and 12 specimens of lizards of the genus Japalura were collected from the upper Nujiang （=Salween） Valley in eastern Tibet, China, and upper Lancang （=Mekong） Valley in northwestern Yunnan, China, respectively. These specimens display a unique suite of diagnostic morphological characters. Our robust comparisons of phenotype reveal that these populations can be distinguished readily from J. flaviceps and all other recognized congeners. Herein, we describe the two Japalura lineages as new spe- cies, Japalura laeviventris sp. nov. and Japalura iadina sp. nov.. In addition, we provide updated con- servation assessments for the new species as well as imperiled congeners according to the IUCN crite- ria for classification, discuss the importance of color patterns in the diagnosis and description of species in the genus Japalura, and discuss directions for future taxonomic studies of the group.