Electroplating titanium film on 316L stainless steel in LiCl–KCl–Ti^x+(2

To improve the anti-corrosion properties of 316 L stainless steel,titanium(Ti)metal films were electroplated on it using Li Cl–KCl molten salts as the electrolyte,and low-valence Tix+(2<x<3)as the solute.The solute was produced by the reaction of Ti4+and Ti0 via mixing K2TiF6,and Ti metal(sponge Ti)in the melts.Anti-corrosion test has shown significant enhancement in the stability of the Ti-coated 316 L due to the presence of Ti film.However,the anti-corrosion properties did not enhance with an increase in the thickness of the Ti layers owing to a possible defect in the thicker Ti layers.

In-situ transformed trimetallic metal-organic frameworks as an efficient pre-catalyst for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

Developing high-efficiency and low-cost oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts is crucial to advance the water splitting technology for sustainable hydrogen production.Here,a FeCoNi coordinated benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid(FeCoNiBTC)metal-organic framework(MOF)was synthesized by one-step solvothermal method for OER.A rapid in-situ chemical and electrochemical transformation was observed on the surface of the FeCoNiBTC MOF during OER process.The formed catalytic active FeCoNiOx(OH)y species retained the unique structure feature of initial FeCoNiBTC,moreover,it possessed multiple transition metal active nodes that cooperate with each other to adjust the electronic structure.Owing to the above structure advantages,the in-situ transformed FeCoNiOx(OH)y showed excellent OER catalytic activity with a small overpotential of 230 mV to achieve the 100 mA·cm^(−2),a low Tafel slope of 50.2 mV·dec^(−1),and superior stability of almost 80 h in alkaline aqueous solution.This work systematically studies the structure-performance relations of the multi-metal MOF-based materials in OER process,and it would enrich the exploration of highly efficient OER electrocatalysts.

Scalable fabrication of NiCo_(2)O_(4)/reduced graphene oxide composites by ultrasonic spray as binder-free electrodes for supercapacitors with ultralong lifetime

Durable and cost-effective electrode materials are essential for practical application of supercapacitors.Herein,large area NiCo_(2)O_(4)/reduced graphene oxide(NiCo_(2)O_(4)/rGO)composites with hierarchical structure were fabricated by a facile one-step ultrasonic spray on Ni foam and directly used as the binder-free electrodes for supercapacitors in aqueous KOH electrolyte.Owing to high electrical conductivity of rGO,hierarchical and layered structure of the electrode,as well as tight adhesion of active materials on the current collector,the as-obtained hybrid electrodes show a high specific capacitance of 871 F g^(-1)at current density of 1 A g^(-1),good rate performance and remarkable cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 134%after 30000 cycles.Besides,the assembled NiCo_(2)O_(4)/rGO//AC asymmetric supercapacitor(ASC)displays the maximum energy density of 29.3 Wh kg^(-1)at a power density of 790.8 W kg^(-1).Significantly,an ultralong cycling life of 102%capacitance retention is achieved for the ASC device after 30,000 charge/discharge cycles at 20 A g^(-1).The scalable fabrication route and excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo_(2)O_(4)/rGO composites open the door for making novel hybrid electrodes of advanced supercapacitors.

Bio-inspired design of hierarchical FeP nanostructure arrays for the hydrogen evolution reaction

Hierarchical FeP nanoarray films composed of FeP nanopetals were successfully synthesized via a bio-inspired hydrothermal route followed by phosphorization. Glycerol as a crystal growth modifier, plays a significant role in controlling the morphology and structure of the FeO（OH） precursor during the biomineralization process, while the following transfer and pseudomorphic transformation of the FeO（OH） film successfully give rise to the FeP array film. The as-prepared FeP film electrodes exhibit excellent hydrogen evolution reaction （HER） performance over a wide pH range. Theoretical calculations reveal that the mixed P/Fe termination in the FeP film is responsible for the high catalytic activity of the nanostructured electrodes. This new insight will promote further explorations of efficient metal phosphoride-based catalysts for the HER. More importantly, this study bridges the gap between biological and inorganic self-assembling nanosystems and may open up a new avenue for the preparation of functional nanostructures with application in energy devices.

Transcriptomic profiling of peroxisome-related genes reveals a novel prognostic signature in hepatocellular carcinoma

Emerging evidence suggests that peroxisomes play a role in the regulation of tumorigenesis and cancer progression.However,the prognostic value of peroxisome-related genes has been rarely investigated.This study aimed to establish a peroxisome-related gene signature for overall survival(OS)prediction in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).First,univariate Cox regression analysis was employed to identify prognostic peroxisome-related genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas liver cancer cohort,and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis was used to construct a 10-gene signature.The risk score based on the signature was positively correlated with poor prognosis(HR=4.501,95%CI=3.021–6.705,P=1.39e−13).Second,multivariate Cox regression incorporating additional characteristics revealed that the signature was an independent predictor.Time-dependent ROC curves demonstrated good performance of the signature in predicting the OS of HCC patients.The prognostic performance was validated using International Cancer Genome Consortium HCC cohort data.Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the signature-related alterations in biological processes mainly involved peroxisomal functions.Finally,we developed a nomogram model based on the gene signature and TNM stage,which showed a superior prognostic power(C-index=0.702).Thus,our study revealed a novel peroxisome-related gene signature that may help improve personalized OS prediction in HCC patients.

Integrative Characterization of Immune-relevant Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background and Aims:Tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in cancer development and progression.Cancer immunotherapy has become a promising approach for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).We aimed to analyze the HCC immune microenvironment characteristics to identify immune-related genetic changes.Methods:Key immune-relevant genes(KIRGs)were obtained through integrating the differentially expressed genes of The Cancer Genome Atlas,immune genes from the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal,and immune differentially expressed genes determined by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis scores.Cox regression analysis was performed to mine therapeutic target genes.A regulatory network based on KIRGs,transcription factors,and immune-related long non-coding RNAs(IRLncRNAs)was also generated.The outcomes of risk score model were validated in a testing cohort and in clinical samples using tissue immunohistochemistry staining.Correlation analysis between risk score and immune checkpoint genes and immune cell infiltration were investigated.Results:In total,we identified 21 KIRGs,including programmed cell death-1(PD-1)and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4(CTLA4),and found IKBKE,IL2RG,EDNRA,and IGHA1 may be equally important to PD-1 or CTLA4.Meanwhile,KIRGs,various transcription factors,and IRLncRNAs were integrated to reveal that the NRF1-AC127024.5-IKBKE axis might be involved in tumor immunity regulation.Furthermore,the immune-related risk score model was established according to KIRGs and key IRLncRNAs,and verified more obvious discriminating power in the testing cohort.Correlation analysis indicated TNFSF4,LGALS9,KIAA1429,IDO2,and CD276 were closely related to the risk score,and CD4 T cells,macrophages,and neutrophils were the primary immune infiltration cell types.Conclusions:Our results highlight the importance of immune genes in the HCC microenvironment and further unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms in the development of HCC.

An approach to prepare uniform graphene oxide/aluminum composite powders by simple electrostatic interaction in water/alcohol solution

The homogenous dispersion of graphene in Al powders is a key challenge that limits the development of graphene-reinforced metal matrix composites with high performance.Here,uniform distribution of graphene oxide(GO)coated on flake Al powders were obtained by a simply stirring and ultrasonic treatment in the water/alcohol solution.The effect of water volume content on the formation of GO/Al composite powders was investigated.The results showed that GO adsorbed with synchronous reduction on the surface of Al powders,but when the water content was higher than 80%in the solution,Al powders were totally changed into Al(OH)3.With optimizing the water content of 60%in the solution,reduced GO was homogenously coated onto the surface of flake Al powders.The formation mechanism can be ascribed to the balance control between the liquid/solid interaction and the hydrolysis reaction.

基于神经网络的船舶剖面参数化建模与辐射水动力系数预测

快速高效的船舶水动力计算方法可显著缩短船型优化设计周期,但船舶剖面形状复杂,采用刘易斯剖面法和田才图谱法等均难以实现剖面准确定义,制约了水动力系数预报精度。该文结合先验知识与自动编码器模型提出了一种新的船体剖面参数化方法,在此基础上通过神经网络以数据驱动方式建立了剖面参数化特征和频率与二维无限水深水动力系数之间的映射关系,实现了附加质量和阻尼系数的准确高效预报。经仿真验证,提出的神经网络模型预测结果与切片理论计算结果吻合良好,预测精度较高,有助于船舶设计与优化工作。

Fabrication of Cu/graphite film/Cu sandwich composites with ultrahigh thermal conductivity for thermal management applications

Effective thermal management of electronic integrated devices with high powder density has become a serious issue,which requires materials with high thermal conductivity(TC).In order to solve the problem of weak bonding between graphite and Cu,a novel Cu/graphite film/Cu sandwich composite(Cu/GF/Cu composite)with ultrahigh TC was fabricated by electro-deposition.The micro-riveting structure was introduced to enhance the bonding strength between graphite film and deposited Cu layers by preparing a rectangular array of micro-holes on the graphite film before electrodeposition.TC and mechanical properties of the composites with different graphite volume fractions and current densities were investigated.The results showed that the TC enhancement generated by the micro-riveting structure for Cu/GF/Cu composites at low graphite content was more effective than that at high graphite content,and the strong texture orientation of deposited Cu resulted in high TC.Under the optimizing preparing condition,the highest in-plane TC reached 824.3 W·m^-1·K^-1,while the ultimate tensile strength of this composite was about four times higher than that of the graphite film.

A two-step approach to synthesis of Co（OH）2/γ-NiOOH/ reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for high performance supercapacitors

A two-step approach was reported to fabricate cobaltous hydroxide/y- nickel oxide hydroxide/reduced graphene oxide （Co（OH）217-NiOOHIRGO） nanocompo- sites on nickel foam by combining the reduction of graphene oxide with the help of refux condensation and the subsequent hydrothermal of Co（OH）2 on RGO. The microstructural, surface morphology and electrochemical properties of the Co（OH）2/γ-NiOOH/RGO nanocomposite were investigated. The results showed that the surface of the first-step fabricated γ-NiOOH/RGO nanocomposites was uniformly coated by Co（OH）2 nanoflakes with lateral size of tens of nm and thickness of several nm. Co（OH）2/γ-NiOOHIRGO nanocomposite demonstrated a high specific capacitance （745 mF/cm= at 0.5 mAJcm2） and a cycling stability of 69.8% after 1000 cycles at 30 mV/cm2· γ-NiOOH/RGO//Co（OH）2/γ- NiOOH/RGO asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled, and maximum gravimetric energy density of 57.3 W.h/kg and power density of 66.1 kW/kg were achieved. The synergistic effect between the highly conductive graphene and the nanoflake Co（OH）2 structure was responsible for the high electrochemical performance of the hybrid electrode. It is expected that this research could offer a simple method to prepare graphene-based electrode materials.

Solar-Powered Environmentally Friendly Hydrogen Production:Advanced Technologies for Sunlight-Electricity-Hydrogen Nexus

Hydrogen production from water splitting is a clean and sustainable hydrogen production route to alleviate the current energy crisis.However,factors such as energy conversion efficiency,cost-effectiveness,and social benefit limit their industrial application.Therefore,the development of advanced water splitting technologies using clean and renewable energy has become an important research goal of the world.Converting endless solar energy into hydrogen energy directly or indirectly is an effective way to reduce the energy input of hydrogen production.This review focuses on the latest advances in the coupling design of renewable energy supply devices and catalytic electrodes in hydrogen production systems.We not only review the single hydrogen production system based on photochemical,photoelectrochemical,photovoltaic,thermoelectric,pyroelectric,and piezoelectric devices,but also discuss the complex systems of the multiple devices.The structural design of energy supply devices and catalytic electrodes and the study of hydrogen production performance in different systems will be critically discussed in this work.Finally,current challenges and future perspectives of advanced technologies for sunlight-electricity-hydrogen nexus are also presented.It is hoped that this review will provide a timely reference for advancing the development of sunlight-electricity-hydrogen nexus and thus achieve the goal of sustainable production of green hydrogen.

Inflammatory cytokines,T lymphocyte subsets,and ritonavir involved in liver injury of COVID-19 patients

Dear Editor,Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a type of novel coronavirus and no specific treatment is currently available.Apart from damages to the lung,COVID-19 is also able to trigger liver injury.Numerous observational studies have revealed that elevation of liver enzymes,including alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),was detected in some COVID-19 patients,especially in severe cases.1 Unfortunately,the underlying mechanisms and risk factors of COVID-19-induced liver damage have not been completely elucidated.Therefore,identification of novel risk factors in liver injury of COVID-19 patients is essential for the prevention and treatment of liver damage.In this study,192 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in Chongqing Public Health Center were recruited to identify the risk factors in COVID-19 patients with liver injury.