Anatomical and chemical characteristics of stems affect lodging in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Traits associated with lodging resistance, such as plant height, stem strength, culm wall thickness, pith diame...Anatomical and chemical characteristics of stems affect lodging in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Traits associated with lodging resistance, such as plant height, stem strength, culm wall thickness, pith diameter, and stem diameter, were extensively investigated in earlier studies. However, the solid stem trait was rarely considered. In this study, we measured a range of anatomical and chemical characteristics on solid and hollow stemmed wheat cultivars. Significant correlations were detected between resistance to lodging and several anatomical features, including width of mechanical tissue, weight of low internodes, and width of stem walls. Morphological features that gave the best indication of improved lodging resistance were increased stem width, width of mechanical tissue layer, and stem density. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 99% of the variation in lodging resistance could be explained by the width of the mechanical tissue layer, suggesting that solid stemmed wheat has several anatomical features for increasing resistance to lodging. In addition, microsatellite markers GWM247 and GWM340 were linked to a single solid stem QTL on chromosome 3BL in a population derived from the cross Xinongshixin(solid stem)/Line 3159(hollow stem). These markers should be valuable in breeding wheat for solid stem.展开更多
Despite recent progress in crop genomics studies,the genomic changes brought about by modern breeding selection are still poorly understood,thus hampering genomics-assisted breeding,especially in polyploid crops with ...Despite recent progress in crop genomics studies,the genomic changes brought about by modern breeding selection are still poorly understood,thus hampering genomics-assisted breeding,especially in polyploid crops with compound genomes such as common wheat(Triticum aestivum).In this work,we constructed genome resources for the modern elite common wheat variety Aikang 58(AK58).Comparative genomics between AK58 and the landrace cultivar Chinese Spring(CS)shed light on genomic changes that occurred through recent varietal improvement.We also explored subgenome diploidization and divergence in common wheat and developed a homoeologous locus-based genome-wide association study(HGWAS)approach,which was more effective than single homoeolog-based GWAS in unraveling agronomic trait-associated loci.A total of 123 major HGWAs loci were detected using a genetic population derived from AK58 and cs.Elite homoeologous haplotypes(HHs),formed by combinations of subgenomic homoeologs of the associated loci,were found in both parents and progeny,and many could substantially improve wheat yield and related traits.We built a website where users can download genome assembly sequence and annotation data for AK58,perform blast analysis,and run JBrowse.Our work enriches genome resources for wheat,provides new insights into genomic changes during modern wheat improve-.ment,and suggests that efficientmining of elite HHs can make a substantial contribuutionto genomics-assisted breeding in common wheat and other polyploid crops.展开更多
Plant height is an important agronomic trait. Dramatic increase in wheat yield during the "green revolution" is mainly due to the widespread utilization of the Reduced height (Rht)-1gene. We analyzed the natural a...Plant height is an important agronomic trait. Dramatic increase in wheat yield during the "green revolution" is mainly due to the widespread utilization of the Reduced height (Rht)-1gene. We analyzed the natural allelic variations of three homoeologous loci Rht-A1, Rht-B1, and Rht-D1 in Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) micro-core collections and the Rht-B1/D1 genotypes in over 1,500 bred cultivars and germplasms using a modified EcoTILLING. We identified six new Rht-A1 allelic variations (Rht-Alb-g), eight new Rht-B1 allelic variations (Rht-Blh-o), and six new Rht-D1 allelic variations (Rht-Dle-j). These allelic variations contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or small insertions and deletions in the coding or uncoding regions, involving two frame-shift mutations and 15 missenses. Of which, Rht-Dle and Rht-Dlh resulted in the loss of interactions of GID1-DELLA-GID2, Rht-Blicould increase plant height. We found that the Rht-Blh contains the same SNPs and 197 bp fragment insertion as reported in Rht-Blc. Further detection of Rht-Blh in Tibet wheat germplasms and wheat relatives indicated that Rht-Blc may originate from Rht-Blh. These results suggest rich genetic diversity at the Rht-1 loci and provide new resources for wheat breeding.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB100302)the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS (KSCX2-EW-N-02)
文摘Anatomical and chemical characteristics of stems affect lodging in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Traits associated with lodging resistance, such as plant height, stem strength, culm wall thickness, pith diameter, and stem diameter, were extensively investigated in earlier studies. However, the solid stem trait was rarely considered. In this study, we measured a range of anatomical and chemical characteristics on solid and hollow stemmed wheat cultivars. Significant correlations were detected between resistance to lodging and several anatomical features, including width of mechanical tissue, weight of low internodes, and width of stem walls. Morphological features that gave the best indication of improved lodging resistance were increased stem width, width of mechanical tissue layer, and stem density. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that 99% of the variation in lodging resistance could be explained by the width of the mechanical tissue layer, suggesting that solid stemmed wheat has several anatomical features for increasing resistance to lodging. In addition, microsatellite markers GWM247 and GWM340 were linked to a single solid stem QTL on chromosome 3BL in a population derived from the cross Xinongshixin(solid stem)/Line 3159(hollow stem). These markers should be valuable in breeding wheat for solid stem.
基金the Collaborative Innovation Center for Henan Grain Crops,the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2021YFF1000200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Major Program,31991213)+4 种基金the Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Y2021YJ01)the Major Public Welfare Projects of Henan Province(201300110800)the Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100102)the CAAS Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAASZDRW202002)the seed innovation program of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China,and the Henan Provincial R&D Projects of Interregional Cooperation for Local Scientific and Technological Development Guided by the Central Government(YDZX20214100004191).
文摘Despite recent progress in crop genomics studies,the genomic changes brought about by modern breeding selection are still poorly understood,thus hampering genomics-assisted breeding,especially in polyploid crops with compound genomes such as common wheat(Triticum aestivum).In this work,we constructed genome resources for the modern elite common wheat variety Aikang 58(AK58).Comparative genomics between AK58 and the landrace cultivar Chinese Spring(CS)shed light on genomic changes that occurred through recent varietal improvement.We also explored subgenome diploidization and divergence in common wheat and developed a homoeologous locus-based genome-wide association study(HGWAS)approach,which was more effective than single homoeolog-based GWAS in unraveling agronomic trait-associated loci.A total of 123 major HGWAs loci were detected using a genetic population derived from AK58 and cs.Elite homoeologous haplotypes(HHs),formed by combinations of subgenomic homoeologs of the associated loci,were found in both parents and progeny,and many could substantially improve wheat yield and related traits.We built a website where users can download genome assembly sequence and annotation data for AK58,perform blast analysis,and run JBrowse.Our work enriches genome resources for wheat,provides new insights into genomic changes during modern wheat improve-.ment,and suggests that efficientmining of elite HHs can make a substantial contribuutionto genomics-assisted breeding in common wheat and other polyploid crops.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2011CB100304, 2009CB118300)
文摘Plant height is an important agronomic trait. Dramatic increase in wheat yield during the "green revolution" is mainly due to the widespread utilization of the Reduced height (Rht)-1gene. We analyzed the natural allelic variations of three homoeologous loci Rht-A1, Rht-B1, and Rht-D1 in Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) micro-core collections and the Rht-B1/D1 genotypes in over 1,500 bred cultivars and germplasms using a modified EcoTILLING. We identified six new Rht-A1 allelic variations (Rht-Alb-g), eight new Rht-B1 allelic variations (Rht-Blh-o), and six new Rht-D1 allelic variations (Rht-Dle-j). These allelic variations contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or small insertions and deletions in the coding or uncoding regions, involving two frame-shift mutations and 15 missenses. Of which, Rht-Dle and Rht-Dlh resulted in the loss of interactions of GID1-DELLA-GID2, Rht-Blicould increase plant height. We found that the Rht-Blh contains the same SNPs and 197 bp fragment insertion as reported in Rht-Blc. Further detection of Rht-Blh in Tibet wheat germplasms and wheat relatives indicated that Rht-Blc may originate from Rht-Blh. These results suggest rich genetic diversity at the Rht-1 loci and provide new resources for wheat breeding.