Genetic changes of p53,K-ras,and microsatellite instability in gallbladder carcinoma in high-incidence areas of Japan and Hungary

AIM: To disclose geographic differences in genetic changes involved in gallbladder carcinogenesis between two distinct high-incidence areas of Japan and Hungary.METHODS: We examined 42 cases of gallbladder carcinoma: 22 Japanese and 20 Hungarian cases. p53 mutations at exons 5 to 8 and K-ras mutations at codon 12 were tested by direct sequencing. Microsatellite instability was determined from fluorescent dye-labeled PCR amplifications of five-microsatellite markers (BAT-25, BAT-26, D2S123, D5S346, and D17S250).RESULTS: Mutations of p53 were detected in 11 of 22 Japanese cases and 6 of 18 Hungarian cases (11/22 vs 6/18, P = 0.348). Transition at CpG sites was found in none of 11 Japanese cases and 2 of 6 Hungarian cases; the difference was marginally significant (0/11 vs 2/6, P = 0.110). K-ras mutations were detected in only one of the Hungarian cases. Eight of 19 (42.1%) Japanese cases were MSI-high (presence of novel peaks in more than one of the five loci analyzed), whereas only 1 of 15 (6.7%) Hungarian cases was MSI-high (P = 0.047).CONCLUSION: It appears that the p53 mutations and MSI differ in patients with gallbladder carcinoma between two distinct high-incidence areas. Geographic variation might exist in the process of gallbladder carcinogenesis.

Living-related liver transplantation for multiple liver metastases from rectal carcinoid tumor: A case report

因为 ultrasonography 检测的多重肝肿瘤，一个 42 岁的女人进入我们的医院。结肠镜检查在直肠揭示了粘膜下层肿瘤，它被认为梅毒初期损害。组织病理学说的检查跟随的内视镜的粘膜切除术表明肿瘤是良性肿瘤。肿瘤的 resected 边缘为恶意的房间是积极的。二堂功课到 transcatheter 为肝转移的动脉的化疗是无效的。因此，直肠的肿瘤和变形淋巴结是通过手术 resected。在操作以后的一个月，她从她的儿子收到了肝移植(左侧面的片断和有尾的脑叶) 。没有周期性的损害在肝移植以后在二年被观察了。肝移植应该甚至在良性肿瘤转移的先进情况中被看作一种治疗选择到肝。我们也为变形良性肿瘤肿瘤在肝移植上讨论文学。