High-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIB)are important in powering emerging technologies.Cathodes are regarded as the bottleneck of increasing battery energy density,among which layered oxides are the most promising...High-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIB)are important in powering emerging technologies.Cathodes are regarded as the bottleneck of increasing battery energy density,among which layered oxides are the most promising candidates for LIB.However,a limitation with layered oxides cathodes is the transition metal and Li site mixing,which significantly impacts battery capacity and cycling stability.Despite recent research on Li/Ni mixing,there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the origin of cation mixing between the transition metal and Li;therefore,practical means to address it.Here,a critical review of cation mixing in layered cathodes has been provided,emphasising the understanding of cation mixing mechanisms and their impact on cathode material design.We list and compare advanced characterisation techniques to detect cation mixing in the material structure;examine methods to regulate the degree of cation mixing in layered oxides to boost battery capacity and cycling performance,and critically assess how these can be applied practically.An appraisal of future research directions,including superexchange interaction to stabilise structures and boost capacity retention has also been concluded.Findings will be of immediate benefit in the design of layered cathodes for high-performance rechargeable LIB and,therefore,of interest to researchers and manufacturers.展开更多
The emergence of anionic redox reactions in layered transition metal oxide cathodes provides practical opportunity to boost the energy density of rechargeable batteries.However,the activation of anionic redox reaction...The emergence of anionic redox reactions in layered transition metal oxide cathodes provides practical opportunity to boost the energy density of rechargeable batteries.However,the activation of anionic redox reaction in layered oxides has significant voltage hysteresis and decay that reduce battery performance and limit commercialization.Here,we critically review the up-todate development of anionic redox reaction in layered oxide cathodes,summarize the proposed reaction mechanism,and unveil their connection to voltage hysteresis and decay based on the state-of-the-art progress.In addition,advances associated with various modification approaches to mitigate the voltage hysteresis/decay in layered transition metal oxide cathodes are also included.Finally,we conclude with an appraisal of further research directions including rational design of high-performance layered oxide cathodes with reversible anionic redox reactions and suppressed voltage hysteresis/decay.Findings will be of immediate benefit to the development of layered oxide cathodes for high performance rechargeable batteries.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have attracted considerable interest for use in electric vehicles and as next-generation energy storage devices because of their high energy density.However,a significant practical drawbac...Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have attracted considerable interest for use in electric vehicles and as next-generation energy storage devices because of their high energy density.However,a significant practical drawback with LMBs is the instability of the Li metal/electrolyte interface,with concurrent parasitic reactions and dendrite growth,that leads to low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycle life.Owing to the significant role of electrolytes in batteries,rationally designed electrolytes can improve the electrochemical performance of LMBs and possibly achieve fast charge and a wide range of working temperatures to meet various requirements of the market in the future.Although there are some review papers about electrolytes for LMBs,the focus has been on a single parameter or single performance separately and,therefore,not sufficient for the design of electrolytes for advanced LMBs for a wide range of working environments.This review presents a systematic summary of recent progress made in terms of electrolytes,covering the fundamental understanding of the mechanism,scientific challenges,and strategies to address drawbacks of electrolytes for high-performance LMBs.The advantages and disadvantages of various electrolyte strategies are also analyzed,yielding suggestions for optimum properties of electrolytes for advanced LMBs applications.Finally,the most promising research directions for electrolytes are discussed briefly.展开更多
Ferritin stores and releases iron ions in mammals.It is globally important as a drug nanocarrier.This is because of its unique hollow-spherical structure,desirable stability and biological properties.Novel drug-loadin...Ferritin stores and releases iron ions in mammals.It is globally important as a drug nanocarrier.This is because of its unique hollow-spherical structure,desirable stability and biological properties.Novel drug-loading approaches plus various functionalization approaches have been developed to improve ferritin in response to differing demands in disease treatments.Here,we critically review ferritin drug delivery and evaluate its diverse drug-loading and functionalization approaches,we:(1)Introduce basic structural and property information related to ferritin as a drug nanocarrier;(2)Contrast in detail the different means to load drugs and the selection of drug loading means;(3)Discuss multiple ferritin functionalization approaches,together with related advantages and potential risks;and,(4)Compare ferritin with alternative,commonly-used drug nanocarriers.We conclude that despite that no drugs based on ferritin are commercially available,the market potential for it is significant,and evaluate future research directions.Findings from this work will be of immediate benefit and interest to a wide range of researchers and manufacturers for drug delivery using ferritin.展开更多
基金the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE) Limited for providing financial assistance in the form of a Post Graduate Research Award (PGRA) to carry out this worksupported by the Australian Research Council under grants DP200101862, DP210101486, and FL210100050
文摘High-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIB)are important in powering emerging technologies.Cathodes are regarded as the bottleneck of increasing battery energy density,among which layered oxides are the most promising candidates for LIB.However,a limitation with layered oxides cathodes is the transition metal and Li site mixing,which significantly impacts battery capacity and cycling stability.Despite recent research on Li/Ni mixing,there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the origin of cation mixing between the transition metal and Li;therefore,practical means to address it.Here,a critical review of cation mixing in layered cathodes has been provided,emphasising the understanding of cation mixing mechanisms and their impact on cathode material design.We list and compare advanced characterisation techniques to detect cation mixing in the material structure;examine methods to regulate the degree of cation mixing in layered oxides to boost battery capacity and cycling performance,and critically assess how these can be applied practically.An appraisal of future research directions,including superexchange interaction to stabilise structures and boost capacity retention has also been concluded.Findings will be of immediate benefit in the design of layered cathodes for high-performance rechargeable LIB and,therefore,of interest to researchers and manufacturers.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(FT190100636 and DP190103472)supported by computational resources provided by the Australian Government through NCI under the National Computational Merit Allocation Schemethe Phoenix High Performance Compute(HPC)Service at The University of Adelaide。
基金the support of China Scholarship Council(No.202108430035)G.M.L.acknowledges the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering(AINSE)Limited for financial assistance in the form of a Post Graduate Research Award(PGRA)supported by the Australian Research Council(Nos.DP200101862,DP210101486,and FL210100050).
文摘The emergence of anionic redox reactions in layered transition metal oxide cathodes provides practical opportunity to boost the energy density of rechargeable batteries.However,the activation of anionic redox reaction in layered oxides has significant voltage hysteresis and decay that reduce battery performance and limit commercialization.Here,we critically review the up-todate development of anionic redox reaction in layered oxide cathodes,summarize the proposed reaction mechanism,and unveil their connection to voltage hysteresis and decay based on the state-of-the-art progress.In addition,advances associated with various modification approaches to mitigate the voltage hysteresis/decay in layered transition metal oxide cathodes are also included.Finally,we conclude with an appraisal of further research directions including rational design of high-performance layered oxide cathodes with reversible anionic redox reactions and suppressed voltage hysteresis/decay.Findings will be of immediate benefit to the development of layered oxide cathodes for high performance rechargeable batteries.
基金Financial support provided by the Australian Research Council(ARC)(Nos.FL210100050,LP160101629,and DP210101486)is gratefully acknowledgedMingnan Li acknowledges the Chinese Sponsorship Council for scholarship support(No.202106130006).
文摘Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have attracted considerable interest for use in electric vehicles and as next-generation energy storage devices because of their high energy density.However,a significant practical drawback with LMBs is the instability of the Li metal/electrolyte interface,with concurrent parasitic reactions and dendrite growth,that leads to low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycle life.Owing to the significant role of electrolytes in batteries,rationally designed electrolytes can improve the electrochemical performance of LMBs and possibly achieve fast charge and a wide range of working temperatures to meet various requirements of the market in the future.Although there are some review papers about electrolytes for LMBs,the focus has been on a single parameter or single performance separately and,therefore,not sufficient for the design of electrolytes for advanced LMBs for a wide range of working environments.This review presents a systematic summary of recent progress made in terms of electrolytes,covering the fundamental understanding of the mechanism,scientific challenges,and strategies to address drawbacks of electrolytes for high-performance LMBs.The advantages and disadvantages of various electrolyte strategies are also analyzed,yielding suggestions for optimum properties of electrolytes for advanced LMBs applications.Finally,the most promising research directions for electrolytes are discussed briefly.
基金funded by joint PhD Scholarship Scheme of the University of Adelaide and Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21576267)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant Number 2162041).
文摘Ferritin stores and releases iron ions in mammals.It is globally important as a drug nanocarrier.This is because of its unique hollow-spherical structure,desirable stability and biological properties.Novel drug-loading approaches plus various functionalization approaches have been developed to improve ferritin in response to differing demands in disease treatments.Here,we critically review ferritin drug delivery and evaluate its diverse drug-loading and functionalization approaches,we:(1)Introduce basic structural and property information related to ferritin as a drug nanocarrier;(2)Contrast in detail the different means to load drugs and the selection of drug loading means;(3)Discuss multiple ferritin functionalization approaches,together with related advantages and potential risks;and,(4)Compare ferritin with alternative,commonly-used drug nanocarriers.We conclude that despite that no drugs based on ferritin are commercially available,the market potential for it is significant,and evaluate future research directions.Findings from this work will be of immediate benefit and interest to a wide range of researchers and manufacturers for drug delivery using ferritin.
